AP Gov Ch.5 Jeron Tainatongo

Question 1

Harriet Tubman

Answer 1

Born a slave in Maryland in the early 1820’s, Tubman escaped to freedom and became a conductor on the Underground Railroad

Question 2

abolitionist

Answer 2

supporter of ending the institution of slavery

Question 3

civil rights

Answer 3

rights of individuals against arbitrary/ discriminatory treatment by govs or individuals

Question 4

equal protection clause

Answer 4

section of the Fourteenth Amendment that guarantees that all citizens receive “equal protection of the laws”

Question 5

Frederick Douglass

Answer 5

former slave born in the early 1800’s who become leading abolitionist, writer, and suffragist

Question 6

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Answer 6

organized the Seneca Falls Convention, Stanton later founded the NWSA with Susan B. Anthony

Question 7

Lucretia Mott

Answer 7

19th century feminist, suffragist, and abolitionist, who with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, organized the Seneca Falls Convention

Question 8

Seneca Falls Convention

Answer 8

first major feminist meeting held in NY State in 1848, which produced the “Declaration of Sentiments”

Question 9

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Answer 9

ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and denied citizenship rights to enslaved African Americans

Question 10

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 10

freed all slaves in states that were in active rebellion against the U.S.

Question 11

Thirteenth Amendment

Answer 11

amendment ratified after the Civil War, which bans slavery in the United States

Question 12

Fourteenth Amendment

Answer 12

amendment ratified after the Civil War, which guarantees equal protection and due process of the law to all U.S. citizens

Question 13

Fifteenth Amendment

Answer 13

ratified after the Civil War, enfranchised newly freed male slaves

Question 14

Susan B. Anthony

Answer 14

feminist, suffragist, and founder of the NWSA who later formed the National American Woman Suffrage Association

Question 15

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Answer 15

passed by Congress to enforce the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantees to African Americans

Question 16

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 16

required segregation in public schools, theaters, and other public accommodations

Question 17

poll taxes

Answer 17

taxes levied in many southern states and localities that had to be paid before an eligible vote could cast a ballot.

Question 18

grandfather clause

Answer 18

provision that allowed only those citizens whose grandfathers had voted before Reconstruction to vote unless they passed a wealth test

Question 19

Progressive Era

Answer 19

period of widespread activism to reform political, economic, and social ills in the U.S.

Question 20

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 20

challenged a Louisiana statue requiring railroads provide separate accommodations for blacks and whites

Question 21

separate-but-equal doctrine

Answer 21

claimed that separate accommodations for blacks and whites didn’t violate the Constitution.

Question 22

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Answer 22

organization formed in 1909 to oppose segregation, racism, and voting rights violations targeted against African Americans

Question 23

National American Woman Suffrage Association

Answer 23

organization created by joining the National and American Woman Suffrage Associations

Question 24

suffrage movement

Answer 24

drive for voting rights for women that took place in the U.S. in the 19th and early 20th centuries

Question 25

National Woman's Party

Answer 25

organization founded in the early 20th century who's members were arrested by authorities when they went on hunger strikes to secure voting rights for women

Question 26

Nineteenth Amendment

Answer 26

amendment passed in 1920 that guaranteed woman the right to vote

Question 27

NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund

Answer 27

legal arm of the NAACP that litigated the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education and a host of other key civil rights cases

Question 28

Thurgood Marshall

Answer 28

leading civil rights lawyer and the first head of the NAACP's Legal Defense and Educational Fund

Question 29

Harry S. Truman

Answer 29

33rd U.S. president who served from 1945-1953 after Franklin D. Roosevelt died in office.

Question 30

Brown v. Board of Education

Answer 30

decision holding that school segregation is inherently unconstitutional because it violate the 14th Amendment guarantee of equal protection of the law

Question 31

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Answer 31

34th U.S. president who served from 1953-1961

Question 32

Rosa Parks

Answer 32

leading civil rights activist of the 20th century who was notably involved with the Montgomery Bus Boycott

Question 33

Martin Luther King Jr.

Answer 33

most prominent leader of the civil rights movement of the 1950's and 1960's.

Question 34

John F. Kennedy

Answer 34

35th U.S. president who served from 1961-1963 and marked a generational shift in the U.S. politics at the height of the Cold War

Question 35

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 35

legislation passed by Congress to outlaw segregation in public facilities and discrimination in employment, education, and discrimination in employment, education, and voting

Question 36

National Organization for Women

Answer 36

leading activist group of the women's rights movement, especially in the 1960's and 1970's

Question 37

Eleanor Roosevelt

Answer 37

first lady of the U.S. from 1933-1945, who championed human rights throughout her life and served as the U.S. first delegate to the United Nations General Assembly and later chaired the UN's Commission on Human Rights.

Question 38

Equal Pay Act of 1963

Answer 38

requires employers to par men and women equal pay for equal work

Question 39

Title IX

Answer 39

provision that bars educational institutions that receive federal funds from discrimination against female students.

Question 40

Equal Rights Amendment

Answer 40

amendment that states "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the U.S. or any state on account of sex"

Question 41

League of United Latin American Citizens

Answer 41

activist group founded in 1929 to combat discrimination against Americans of Hispanic origin

Question 42

Cesar Chavez

Answer 42

labor organizer who founded the United Farm Workers Union in the 1960's

Question 43

Dolores Huerta

Answer 43

labor organizer who founded the United Farm Worker Union in the 1960's

Question 44

Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund

Answer 44

organization modeled on the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund that works to protect the civil rights of Americans of Mexican and other Hispanic heritage

Question 45

Chinese Exclusion Act

Answer 45

law passed in 1882 that prohibited all new immigration into the U.S. from China

Question 46

Korematsu v. U.S.

Answer 46

ruling that upheld the authority of the U.S. gov to require mass internment of the people of Japanese ancestry in the U.S.

Question 47

LGBT community

Answer 47

minority group based on sexual orientation and gender identity that includes lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people

Question 48

Lawrence v. Texas

Answer 48

ruling that antisodomy laws violated the constitutional right to privacy

Question 49

United States v. Windsor

Answer 49

ruling striking down the 1996 Defense of Marriage Act, which prohibited federal recognition of same-sex marriage

Question 50

Obergefell v. Hodges

Answer 50

ruling that held that same-sex couples have a fundamental right to marry under the Constitution

Question 51

American with Disabilities Act

Answer 51

law designed to guarantee accommodation and access for people with a wide range of disabilities

Question 52

standards of review

Answer 52

levels of deference the Court gives gov to craft policies that make distinctions on the basis of personal characteristics

Question 53

suspect classifications

Answer 53

category that triggers the highest standard of scrutiny from the Supreme Court

Question 54

strict scrutiny

Answer 54

heightened standard of review used by the Supreme Court to determine the constitutional validity of a challenged practice

Question 55

affirmative action

Answer 55

policies designed to give special attention or compensatory treatment to members of a previously disadvantaged group

Question 56

intermediate standard of review

Answer 56

standard of review in which the Court determines whether classifications serve an important governmental objective ad are substantially related to serving the objective

Question 57

rational basis standard of review

Answer 57

standard of review in which the Court determines whether any rational foundation for the discrimination exists.