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APGOVSUM18 > AP Gov Ch.5 Jeron Tainatongo > Flashcards

AP Gov Ch.5 Jeron Tainatongo Flashcards

1
Q

Harriet Tubman

A

Born a slave in Maryland in the early 1820’s, Tubman escaped to freedom and became a conductor on the Underground Railroad

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2
Q

abolitionist

A

supporter of ending the institution of slavery

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3
Q

civil rights

A

rights of individuals against arbitrary/ discriminatory treatment by govs or individuals

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4
Q

equal protection clause

A

section of the Fourteenth Amendment that guarantees that all citizens receive “equal protection of the laws”

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5
Q

Frederick Douglass

A

former slave born in the early 1800’s who become leading abolitionist, writer, and suffragist

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6
Q

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A

organized the Seneca Falls Convention, Stanton later founded the NWSA with Susan B. Anthony

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7
Q

Lucretia Mott

A

19th century feminist, suffragist, and abolitionist, who with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, organized the Seneca Falls Convention

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8
Q

Seneca Falls Convention

A

first major feminist meeting held in NY State in 1848, which produced the “Declaration of Sentiments”

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9
Q

Dred Scott v. Sandford

A

ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and denied citizenship rights to enslaved African Americans

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10
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A

freed all slaves in states that were in active rebellion against the U.S.

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11
Q

Thirteenth Amendment

A

amendment ratified after the Civil War, which bans slavery in the United States

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12
Q

Fourteenth Amendment

A

amendment ratified after the Civil War, which guarantees equal protection and due process of the law to all U.S. citizens

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13
Q

Fifteenth Amendment

A

ratified after the Civil War, enfranchised newly freed male slaves

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14
Q

Susan B. Anthony

A

feminist, suffragist, and founder of the NWSA who later formed the National American Woman Suffrage Association

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15
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1875

A

passed by Congress to enforce the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantees to African Americans

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16
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

required segregation in public schools, theaters, and other public accommodations

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17
Q

poll taxes

A

taxes levied in many southern states and localities that had to be paid before an eligible vote could cast a ballot.

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18
Q

grandfather clause

A

provision that allowed only those citizens whose grandfathers had voted before Reconstruction to vote unless they passed a wealth test

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19
Q

Progressive Era

A

period of widespread activism to reform political, economic, and social ills in the U.S.

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20
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson

A

challenged a Louisiana statue requiring railroads provide separate accommodations for blacks and whites

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21
Q

separate-but-equal doctrine

A

claimed that separate accommodations for blacks and whites didn’t violate the Constitution.

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22
Q

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

A

organization formed in 1909 to oppose segregation, racism, and voting rights violations targeted against African Americans

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23
Q

National American Woman Suffrage Association

A

organization created by joining the National and American Woman Suffrage Associations

24
Q

suffrage movement

A

drive for voting rights for women that took place in the U.S. in the 19th and early 20th centuries

25
Q

National Woman’s Party

A

organization founded in the early 20th century who’s members were arrested by authorities when they went on hunger strikes to secure voting rights for women

26
Q

Nineteenth Amendment

A

amendment passed in 1920 that guaranteed woman the right to vote

27
Q

NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund

A

legal arm of the NAACP that litigated the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education and a host of other key civil rights cases

28
Q

Thurgood Marshall

A

leading civil rights lawyer and the first head of the NAACP’s Legal Defense and Educational Fund

29
Q

Harry S. Truman

A

33rd U.S. president who served from 1945-1953 after Franklin D. Roosevelt died in office.

30
Q

Brown v. Board of Education

A

decision holding that school segregation is inherently unconstitutional because it violate the 14th Amendment guarantee of equal protection of the law

31
Q

Dwight D. Eisenhower

A

34th U.S. president who served from 1953-1961

32
Q

Rosa Parks

A

leading civil rights activist of the 20th century who was notably involved with the Montgomery Bus Boycott

33
Q

Martin Luther King Jr.

A

most prominent leader of the civil rights movement of the 1950’s and 1960’s.

34
Q

John F. Kennedy

A

35th U.S. president who served from 1961-1963 and marked a generational shift in the U.S. politics at the height of the Cold War

35
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A

legislation passed by Congress to outlaw segregation in public facilities and discrimination in employment, education, and discrimination in employment, education, and voting

36
Q

National Organization for Women

A

leading activist group of the women’s rights movement, especially in the 1960’s and 1970’s

37
Q

Eleanor Roosevelt

A

first lady of the U.S. from 1933-1945, who championed human rights throughout her life and served as the U.S. first delegate to the United Nations General Assembly and later chaired the UN’s Commission on Human Rights.

38
Q

Equal Pay Act of 1963

A

requires employers to par men and women equal pay for equal work

39
Q

Title IX

A

provision that bars educational institutions that receive federal funds from discrimination against female students.

40
Q

Equal Rights Amendment

A

amendment that states “Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the U.S. or any state on account of sex”

41
Q

League of United Latin American Citizens

A

activist group founded in 1929 to combat discrimination against Americans of Hispanic origin

42
Q

Cesar Chavez

A

labor organizer who founded the United Farm Workers Union in the 1960’s

43
Q

Dolores Huerta

A

labor organizer who founded the United Farm Worker Union in the 1960’s

44
Q

Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund

A

organization modeled on the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund that works to protect the civil rights of Americans of Mexican and other Hispanic heritage

45
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act

A

law passed in 1882 that prohibited all new immigration into the U.S. from China

46
Q

Korematsu v. U.S.

A

ruling that upheld the authority of the U.S. gov to require mass internment of the people of Japanese ancestry in the U.S.

47
Q

LGBT community

A

minority group based on sexual orientation and gender identity that includes lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people

48
Q

Lawrence v. Texas

A

ruling that antisodomy laws violated the constitutional right to privacy

49
Q

United States v. Windsor

A

ruling striking down the 1996 Defense of Marriage Act, which prohibited federal recognition of same-sex marriage

50
Q

Obergefell v. Hodges

A

ruling that held that same-sex couples have a fundamental right to marry under the Constitution

51
Q

American with Disabilities Act

A

law designed to guarantee accommodation and access for people with a wide range of disabilities

52
Q

standards of review

A

levels of deference the Court gives gov to craft policies that make distinctions on the basis of personal characteristics

53
Q

suspect classifications

A

category that triggers the highest standard of scrutiny from the Supreme Court

54
Q

strict scrutiny

A

heightened standard of review used by the Supreme Court to determine the constitutional validity of a challenged practice

55
Q

affirmative action

A

policies designed to give special attention or compensatory treatment to members of a previously disadvantaged group

56
Q

intermediate standard of review

A

standard of review in which the Court determines whether classifications serve an important governmental objective ad are substantially related to serving the objective

57
Q

rational basis standard of review

A

standard of review in which the Court determines whether any rational foundation for the discrimination exists.

APGOVSUM18 (15 decks)

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