AP Gov Ch.8 Jeron Tainatongo

Question 1

federal bureaucracy

Answer 1

thousands of federal government agencies and institutions that implement and administer federal laws and programs

The federal bureaucracy are constructed of multiple gov. agencies.

Question 2

Max Weber

Answer 2

German sociologist active in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who articulated the hierarchical structure and near-mechanical functioning of bureaucracies in complex societies

Max Weber was beneficial towards the construction of today’s gov.

Question 3

spoils system

Answer 3

The firing of public-office holders of a defeated political party to replace them with loyalists of the newly elected party

The spoils system was soon replaced by the merit system.

Question 4

patronage

Answer 4

Jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support

Patronage is a great thing to be given.

Question 5

merit system

Answer 5

A system of employment based on qualifications, test scores, and ability rather than party loyalty

The merit system ended up replacing the spoils system after President Garfield died.

Question 6

Pendleton Act

Answer 6

Reform measure that established that principle of federal employment on the basis of open, competitive exams and created the Civil Service Commission

The Pendleton Act resulted in the creation of the Civic Service Commission.

Question 7

civic service system

Answer 7

The merit system by which many federal bureaucrats are selected

The Civic Service System covered 90% of all federal system.

Question 8

Sixteenth Amendment

Answer 8

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax

The Sixteenth Amendment was established in 1913.

Question 9

WWI

Answer 9

A global military conflict that took place from 1914-1918 across Europe and its overseas territories. The United States military intervened from 1917-1918

WWI ended up causing the Great Depression.

Question 10

Great Depression

Answer 10

A severe global economic downturn marked by mass unemployment and poverty that began in the United States in 1929 and persisted to some degree until the end of the 1930’s

The Great Depression was the result of stock prices crashing in 1929.

Question 11

WWII

Answer 11

A global military conflict that took place from 1939-1945 in Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Pacific region. The United States was formally involved in the war from 1941-1945

WWII had taken a large impact on the U.S. economy.

Question 12

G.I. Bill

Answer 12

Federal legislation enacted in 1944 that provided college loans for returning veterans and reduced mortgage rates to enable them to buy homes

The G.I. Bill provided college loans for returning veterans and reduced mortgage rates.

Question 13

Great Society

Answer 13

Reform program begun in 1964 by President Lyndon B. Johnson that was a broad attempt to combat poverty and discrimination through urban renewal, education reform, and unemployment relief

The Great Society was introduced by President Lyndon B. Johnson.

Question 14

Department of Homeland Security

Answer 14

Cabinet department created after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks to coordinate domestic security efforts

The Department of Homeland Security is the best example of the organization phenomenon.

Question 15

Cabinet Department

Answer 15

Major administrative units with responsibility for a broad area of government operations. Departmental status usually indicates a permanent national interest in a particular government function, such as defense, commerce, or agriculture

The Cabinet Departments consist of fifteen different ones of itself.

Question 16

independent executive agencies

Answer 16

Governmental units that closely resemble a Cabinet department but have narrower areas of responsibility and perform service rather than regulatory functions

The Independent Executive Agencies have their heads assigned by the president.

Question 17

independent regulatory commission

Answer 17

An entity created by Congress outside a major executive department that regulates a specified interest or economic activity

The independent regulatory commission was created to exist outside the major departments.

Question 18

government corporations

Answer 18

Business established by Congress to perform functions that private businesses could provide, such as the U.S. Postal Service and Amtrak. Often established when the financial incentives for private industry to provide services are minimal

Government corporations date from the early 1930’s.

Question 19

Hatch Act

Answer 19

The 1939 act to prohibit civil servants from taking activist roles in partisan campaigns. This act prohibited federal employees from making political contributions, working for a particular party, or campaigning for a particular candidate

The Hatch Act enacted the Political Activities of 1939.

Question 20

implementation

Answer 20

The process by which a law or policy is put into operation

Implementation is how agencies execute congressional wishes.

Question 21

iron triangles

Answer 21

The relatively ironclad relationships and patterns of interaction that occur among agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees

The Iron Triangle was what scientist called the study of how the bureaucracy made policy.

Question 22

issue networks

Answer 22

The loose and informal relationships that exist among a large number of actors who work in broad policy areas

The issue networks share a similarity to the iron triangles.

Question 23

interagency councils

Answer 23

Working groups created to facilitate coordination of policy making and implementation across a host of governmental agencies

Interagency councils arouse from the increasing complexity of many policy domains.

Question 24

policy coordinating committee (PCCs)

Answer 24

Committees created at the sub-Cabinet level to facilitate interactions between agencies and departments to handle complex policy problems

The Policy Coordinating Committee was set up by recent presidential administrations.

Question 25

administrative discretion

Answer 25

The ability or bureaucrats to make choices concerning the nest way to implement congressional or executive intentions

The administrative discretion applies o those even if they aren’t in a Cabinet-level position.

Question 26

rule making

Answer 26

A quasi-legislative process resulting in regulations that have the characteristics of a legislative

Rule making made the characteristics of the legislative acts.

Question 27

regulations

Answer 27

Rules governing the operation of all government programs that have the force of law

Regulations implement various congressional statuses.

Question 28

Federal Register

Answer 28

The official journal of the U.S. government, including all federal rules and public notices so that citizens and organization can follow proposed changes and comply with rule changes

The Federal Register interested parties be given the opportunity to submit written arguments.

Question 29

administrative adjudication

Answer 29

A quasi-judicial process in which a bureaucratic agency settles disputes between two parties similar to the way courts resolve disputes

The administrative adjudication was what some agencies resorted to in order to force compliance.