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Pharm: Antifungals/Antivirals > Antivirals > Flashcards

Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

What are the medications that can be used for treatment of Hepatitis B?

A

Entecavir, Adefovir, and Interferon Alfa (NRTIs)

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2
Q

What are the medications that can be used to treat Hepatitis C?

A

Elbasavir/grazoprevir, Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir, Simeprevir, Daclastasvir, Sofosbuvir//velpatasvir, Ombitasvir, Paritaprevir, Ritonavir, Dasabuvir, Ribavirin, and Interferon Alpha

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3
Q

Which medications can be used to treat both Hep B and Hep C?

A

Interferon Alpha and ribavirin

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4
Q

As a MOA, what does Entecavir inhibit?

A

nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase (can’t make DNA)

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5
Q

Entecavir is more potent than what two medications?

A

Iamivudine and adefovir

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6
Q

Entecavir should not be used for treatment of ___/___ confection when ___ treatment is deferred

A

HBV/HIV; HIV

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7
Q

Entecavir is generally well tolerated, but can cause adverse drug reactions such as ___, ___, and ___–usually in patients with hepatotoxicity.

A

HA, NVD, and lactic acidosis

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8
Q

Patients taking Entecavir should take the medication (with/without) food because ____

A

without, because food decreases bioavailability of the medication

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9
Q

Entecavir has a (high/low) resistance rate in treatment naive patients

A

low

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10
Q

___ and ___ are two Hep B medications that are only available orally.

A

Adefovir and Entecavir

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11
Q

Adefovir’s MOA is …

A

phosphate nucleotide analog

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12
Q

Adefovir is indicated for use in patients who have HBV that is …

A

resistant to lamivudine, entercavir, HIV, pox, and HSV

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13
Q

Adefovir should not be given to patients who have both ___ and ___

A

HBV and HIV

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14
Q

Generally, Adefovir is well tolerated, but some ADRs of this medication may include …

A

HA, diarrhea, abd pain, and asthenia (abnormal physical weakness/lack of energy)

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15
Q

There are some strains of ___ that are resistant to Adefovir

A

Hep B

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16
Q

Interferon Alfa (is/is not) directly virucidal or virustatic

A

not

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17
Q

Interferon Alfa induces ___ activity to promote a(n) ___ state

A

enzymatic; antiviral

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18
Q

Interferon Alfa can be used to treat ___ and ___

A

Hep B and Hep C

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19
Q

Interferon Alfa is no longer first line, however, it is found naturally in the body and has ___, ___, and ___ effects

A

antiviral, immunomodulating, and anti proliferative effects

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20
Q

When a patient is taking Interferon Alfa, we as providers have to ensure careful monitoring of ___ and ___ levels, while also watching for ___ concerns.

A

CBC and TSH; Autoimmune

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21
Q

Some ADRs of Interferon Alfa include …

A

Flu like syndrome, neuropsychiatric disturbances, sz, and cardiotoxicity

22
Q

Elbasvir/grazoprevir inhibits ____ ___ replication with HCV protease inhibitor

A

HCV NS5A

23
Q

Which medications are indicated for first line treatment of genotype 1 Hep C?

A

Elbasvir/grazoprevir and Ledipasvir/sofobuvir

24
Q

A patient should not take Elbasvir/grazoprevir is they have ___ insufficiency or if they are taking medications for ___

A

hepatic; HIV

25
Q

Patients who take Elbasvir/grazoprevir may experience ADRs such as ___, ___, and ___

A

fatigue, HA, nausea

26
Q

Sofosbuvir will interact with ___ ___ and Ledipasvir will interact with ___

A

P450 inducers; amiodarone (bradycardia)

27
Q

Simeprevir should not be used ___ and can treat genotype ___ when taken with ___ or ___

A

alone/mono therapy; ribavirin or sofosbuvir

28
Q

If a patient is about to start taking Simeprevir, you as a provider should warn them against possible ___ ___

A

hepatic insufficiency

29
Q

Hep C medications that interact with P450 inducers include

A

Viekira Pak, Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir, Simeprevir, Daclatasvir, and Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir

30
Q

Which medication for Hep C was the first single tablet regimen for all genotypes?

A

Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir

31
Q

The Viekira Pak (Ombitasvir, paritaprevir, ritonavir, dasabuvir, ribavirin) is used for genotype ___ and can cause, most seriously, severe ___ injury in patients with ___

A

1; liver; cirrhosis

32
Q

Ribavirin is a purine nucleoside analog that inhibits viral ___ synthesis, is used against ___ and ___ viruses, and can cause ___ in patients taking this medication

A

RNA; RNA and DNA; Hemolytic anemia

33
Q

Antivirals used as treatment and prevention of influenza A and B are classified as ___ ___ and include medications such as ___, ___, and ___

A

Neuroaminidase inhibitors; Oseltamivir, Zanamivir, and Peramivir

34
Q

A patient should start taking Oseltamivir, Zanamivir, and Peramivir within ___ hours of onset of symptoms

A

48

35
Q

When prescribing a patient wither Oseltamivir, Zanamivir, or Peramivir, you should adjust the dose for ___ insufficiency, and ask patients about pregnancy as these medications are pregnancy category ___

A

renal; C

36
Q

Taking Oseltamivir, Zanamivir, and Peramivir can cause adverse reactions such as…

A

NVD, neuropsych, and HA

37
Q

You should not write a prescription for Zanamivir for patients who have comorbid ___

A

Asthma/COPD

38
Q

Acyclovir inhibits ___ synthesis and is the most commonly used antiviral in treatment of ___, ___, and possibly ___

A

HSV1 and 2, varicella zoster, and possibly EBV

39
Q

Acyclovir is a pregnancy category ___ as it crosses the BBB and enters the breast milk

A

B

40
Q

Acyclovir has a cross resistance to ___ and ___

A

famicyclovir and valcyclovir

41
Q

___, ___, and ___ are examples of anti viral pro drugs

A

Valacyclovir (metabolized to acyclovir), Famiciclovir (converted to penciclovir), and Valganciclovir

42
Q

Valacyclovir has (more/less) ADRs than acyclovir

A

less

43
Q

Famiciclovir has some cross resistance with ___ and has resistance to ___ due to point mutation.

A

acyclovir; HBV

44
Q

Ganiciclovir is a competitive inhibitor of DNA polymerases and can be used to treat ___, ___, ___, and ___

A

CMV, EBV, HSV/VZV, and human herpes virus 6

45
Q

Valganciclovir is 1st line treatment for ___ and is similar to ____

A

CMV retinitis; ganiciclovir

46
Q

Foscarnet is administered as ___ medication only, and can be used to treat various viruses, including ___. However, when taking Foscarnet, patients can develop ___ ___, which can be avoided by doing… and monitoring …

A

IV; CMV; renal dysfunction; hydration, adjust dosage, avoid nephrotoxic medications, and monitor electrolytes, CBC, renal function weekly

47
Q

Cidofovir isa rarely used due to ___

A

nephrotoxicity

48
Q

Papillomavirus treatment medications include ___, ___, ___, and ___.

A

Imiquimod, podofilox, Sinecatechins, and Trichloroacetic acid

49
Q

Which medication is first line treatment for external and perianal genital warts? Which medication is the first line alternative to the previous medication? Why is the first line alternative medication not the first line medication?

A

Imiquimod; Podofilox–has more ADRs than Imiquimod

50
Q

Sinecatechins are used for treatment of ___ but can cause ____ in ____ males

A

anogenital warts; narrowing of foreskin; uncircumcised

51
Q

Trichloroacetic acid is not approved by FDA because it is a ________

A

caustic agent

Pharm: Antifungals/Antivirals (15 decks)

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