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Pharm: Antifungals/Antivirals > Antimalarials > Flashcards

Antimalarials Flashcards

1
Q

Malaria is transmitted via the _____

A

Anopheles mosquito

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2
Q

Antimalarial chemoprophylaxis prevents the ___, not the ___

A

disease; infection

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3
Q

When considering prescribing antimalarials, what is your best resource for guidance?

A

CDC yellow book

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4
Q

When prescribing antimalarial chemoprophylaxis, what should you as the provider consider about your patient?

A

immune status, intensity/duration of exposure, parasite drug resistance, and resources for diagnosis and treatment

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5
Q

What are the antimalarial drugs that we have learned about so far?

A

Chloroquine, Atovoquone+proguanil, Quinine/Quinidine, Artemisinins, Mefloquine

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6
Q

Which medications are first line for malaria?

A

Chloroquine and Atovoquone+proguanil

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7
Q

Which medication is not for malaria, but is used second line for prevention of mild-moderate pneumocystitis jiroveci PNA in patients who do not tolerate TMP-SMX?

A

Atovoquone

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8
Q

Which antimalarial was originally derived from cinchona bark?

A

Quinine/Quinidine

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9
Q

What medication is a first line alternative for the treatment of malaria (CDC), or a first line medication according to WHO guidelines?

A

Artemisinins

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10
Q

What are the medications of the Artemisinins subclass for treatment of malaria?

A

Artemether/lumefantrine (Coartem), Artemether artesunate, Artemisinin combination therapy, Artesunate + amodiaquine/mefloquine/sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine

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11
Q

Chloroquine is considered to be (safe/not safe) for children/in pregnancy

A

safe

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12
Q

Potential ADRs of patients who take Chloroquine include

A

pruritus (in dark skinned people), NVD, abd pain, HA

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13
Q

Chloroquine has limited efficacy against ___ and is resistant to ___ from Oceania and South America

A

P. falciparum; P. vivax

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14
Q

Chloroquine does NOT work on ___ stages of malaria

A

liver

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15
Q

Atovoquone + proguanil’s works by inhibiting ____ and is effective against ___ intraerythocytic stages

A

DNA synthesis; asexual

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16
Q

Atovoquone + proguanil may increase rifampin levels, which are ___ inducers

A

P450

17
Q

Potential ADRs that patients taking Atovoquone + proguanil may encounter include

A

NVD, abd pain, HA

18
Q

Any special instructions we should give to patients who are about to start taking Atovoquone + proguanil?

A

Take with food

19
Q

Atovoquone is not to be taken for malaria, and its MOA is not well known. What is the pregnancy category for this medication?

A

C

20
Q

What are potential adverse drug reactions when taking Atovoquone?

A

NVD, HA, hypotension, rash

21
Q

Quinine/Quinidine is effective against all 4 species of malaria, which are…

A

falciparum, vivax, malariae, ovale

22
Q

Quinine/Quinidine can be used off label for ___

A

leg cramps

23
Q

If therapeutic dose is exceeded in Quinine/Quinidine, ____ can occur.

A

long QT

24
Q

What are potential ADRs of Quinine/Quinidine?

A

Cinchonism (neurologic sx), tinnitus, NV, HA, dysphoria,

25
Q

Artemsinins are important in the treatment of malaria, as they act on the (early/late) parasite development stages. This medication is derived from the Chinese herb ___.

A

early; qinghaosu

26
Q

Using Artemisinins (are/are not) recommended during pregnancy/in kids

A

are not

27
Q

In animal studies, Artemisinins can cause ___.

A

neurological lesions

28
Q

Artemisinins have not showed signs of resistance yet, but there can be high rates of ____ if used alone.

A

recrudescence

29
Q

Mefloquine is used as prophylaxis and should be started ___ weeks before travel. This medication (is/is not) used in children and pregnant women.

A

2; is not

30
Q

Potential ADRs when taking Mefloquine include

A

neuropsychiatric reactions, cardiac dysrhythmias, vomiting in children

31
Q

There is some resistance to Mefloquine, limited to ____ (geographic area)

A

Southeast Asia

Pharm: Antifungals/Antivirals (15 decks)

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