Antiretrovirals

Question 1

What are the classes of the Antiretroviral/HIV medications?

Answer 1

NRTI (Nucleoside Reverse transcriptase Inhibitors), NNRTI, Integrase inhibitors, Protease Inhibitors, CCR5 Antagonists, Pharmacokinetic boosters, Fusion Inhibitors

Question 2

What are the three main medications we need to know from the NRTI (Nucleoside Reverse transcriptase Inhibitors) class?

Answer 2

Abacavir (ABC), Emtricitabine/tenofovir (FTC/TDF) (Truvada), and Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)

Question 3

What is the MOA of NRTI medications?

Answer 3

Competitive inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase→ termination of viral DNA growth→ blocks viral replication

Question 4

NRTI medications are indicated for __ and __ of HIV infection.

Answer 4

tx and prophylaxis (AZT can be used to prevent maternal-fetal transfer of HIV)

Question 5

Before prescribing Abacavir (ABC), a patient must have ___ testing, looking for ___.

Answer 5

genetic testing; HLA-B 5701 gene

Question 6

Potential ADRs of NRTI medications include

Answer 6

Lactic acidosis, hepatic steatosis, lipodystrophy

Question 7

TAF is less likely to cause ___ impairment and decrease ___ compared with TDF

Answer 7

renal; bone mineral density

Question 8

Other examples of NRTI medications include (alphabet soup

Answer 8

Abacavir [ABC], Didanosine [ddl], Emtricitabine [FTC], Lamivudine [3TC], Stavudine [d4T], Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate [TDF] & Tenofovir alafenamide [TAF], Zidovudine [AZT, ZDV]

Question 9

NNRTI medications include examples such as …

Answer 9

Delavirdine [DLV], Efavirenz [EFV], Etravirine [ETR], Nevirapine [NVP], Rilpivirine [RPV]

Question 10

General ADRs for the NNRTI medications include …

Answer 10

Hepatotoxicity, rash including stevens johnson syndrome and drug interactions

Question 11

Integrase inhibitors include medications by the name of …

Answer 11

Dolutegravir [DTG], Raltegravir [DRV], Elvitegravir/cobicistat [EVG]

Question 12

Protease inhibitors include medications like …

Answer 12

Atazanavir [ATV], Fosamprenavir [FPV], Darunavir [DRV], Indinavir [IDV], Nelfinavir [NFV], Lopinavir/ritonavir [LPV/r], Saquinavir [SQV], Tipranavir [TPV]

Question 13

General ADRs for protease inhibitors include …

Answer 13

Hyperlipidemia, Lipodystrophy, Hepatotoxicity, GI intolerance, increased bleeding risk for hemophiliacs, Drug-drug interactions

Question 14

Maraviroc [Selzentry] is a ___ medication

Answer 14

CCR5 Antagonist

Question 15

Tipranavir (TPV) is contraindicated in patients with ____

Answer 15

moderate-severe hepatic insufficiency

Question 16

Pharmakokinetic booster drugs include ___ and ___

Answer 16

Ritonavir and Cobicistat

Question 17

Enfuvirtide [Fuzeon] is a ____

Answer 17

fusion inhibitor

Question 18

General ADRs of CCR5 Antagonists include…

Answer 18

Drug-drug interaction, rash, abd pain, URI, cough, hepatotoxicity, musculoskeletal symptoms, orthostasis [particularly w/ severe renal dz]

Question 19

General ADRs of Fusion Inhibitors include…

Answer 19

Injection-site reactions, Hypersensitivity reaction, Increased risk of bacterial pneumonia

Question 20

What are the name brands of the following generic NRTIs: Efavirenz / Emtricitabine / Tenofovir
Cobicistat / Elvitegravir / Emtricitabine / Tenofovir
Emtricitabine / Tenofovir

Answer 20

(Atripla)
(Stribild)
(Truvada)