Antimycobacterials

Question 1

Antimycobacterials prototype

Answer 1

Isoniazid (INH) (first-line antituberculosis drug); Dapsone (oral leprostatic drug)

Question 2

Isoniazid indications

Answer 2

Treatment of M. tuberculosis as part of combination therapy; prophylactic treatment of household members of recently diagnosed tuberculars.

Question 3

Isoniazid actions

Answer 3

Interferes with lipid and nucleic acid synthesis in actively growing tubercle bacilli.

Question 4

Isoniazid route, onset, peak, duration

Answer 4

Oral, varies, 1-2 h, 24 h

Question 5

Isoniazid T 1/2

Answer 5

1 to 4 hours; metabolized in the liver, excreted in the urine.

Question 6

Isoniazid adverse effects

Answer 6

Peripheral neuropathies, nausea, vomiting, hepatitis, bone marrow suppression, fever, local irritation at injection sites, gynecomastia (benign enlargement of breast tissue in men), lupus syndrome.

Question 7

Dapsone indications

Answer 7

Treatment of leprosy, P. carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients, and a variety of infections caused by susceptible bacteria and brown recluse spider bites.

Question 8

4 main anti-TB drugs

Answer 8

Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide