anticoagulants Flashcards
Either (med class) _____________ or fondaparinux are used instead of heparin in patients that have heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).
direct thrombin inhibitors
What is the MOA of rivaroxaban?
It is an anticoagulant that functions by binding to and directly inhibiting the activity of Factor Xa. It can be used to prevent pulmonary embolism.
What is the most common adverse effect of Rivaroxaban (factor Xa inhibitors)?
Bleeding, there is no specific antidote
Heparin is the drug of choice for the prevention and acute management of?
DVT
Heparin is an anticoagulant that can be found in the dense granules of ?
basophils
Heparin can enhance the activity of?
antithrombin
What is used to treat for heparin toxicity?
Protamine sulfate
What is the hematological toxicity of heparin?
Thrombocytopenia
What is the bleeding parameter that we use to monitor the effect of heparin?
Partial thromboplastin time
Common adverse effect of heparin is
bleeding
What has low molecular weight that functions similarly to normal heparin, however they act more on factor Xa?
Enoxaparin
What are the two coagulation factors that primarily targeted by heparin?
Thrombin/factor IIa and factor Xa
LMWH or HMWH has better bioavailability and two to four times longer half-life?
LMWH
Which LMWH or HMWH does not require laboratory monitoring?
LMWH
What is the medication of choice to achieve immediate coagulation and what is it route of administration?
Heparin; parental, intravenous or subcutaneous
What deficiency is a hereditary thrombosis syndrome that involves a decreased ability to inactivate factors Va and VIIIa, thereby increasing the risk of thrombotic skin necrosis and hemorrhaging following warfarin administration?
Protein C and S deficiency
What is the type of blood transfusion therapy that is used to treat warfarin overdose?
Fresh frozen plasma
What is preferred and commonly used for long term prevention of DVT reoccurence?
Warfarin
Griseofulvin is an antifungal which typically (increases/decreases) warfarin metabolism.
increases
Fresh frozen plasma as well as ___________ are used for actively bleeding patients on warfarin?
Vitamin K
What is the bleeding parameter that we use to monitor effect of warfarin?
PT or INR
MOA of warfarin
inhibition of vitamin K epoxide reductase
Which drug is an oral anticoagulant that is metabolised by the cytochrome P450 pathway?
warfarin
What is commonly used as an anticoagulant of choice for the prevention of stroke in atrial fibrillation, especially if patients have a metal valve?
Warfarin