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Pharmacology > Antibiotics 2 > Flashcards

Antibiotics 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Polypeptides inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to the ? -> inhibits ? -> prevents ?

A

D-ala-D-Ala terminus
Transglycosylase
transpeptidation (cross-linking)

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2
Q

Most polypeptide have this ADR

A

Renal Toxicity

- Renal dose adjustments

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3
Q

Most polypeptide lack systemic activity EXCEPT

A

Vancomycin

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4
Q

ADR of Vancomycin

A

Red Man Syndrome (Red Neck Syndrome)

  • Slow infusion rate
  • IV fluid
  • Antihistamine
  • Anaphylaxis: stop!
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5
Q

Test to det. min. dosage of Vancomycin

A

Vancomycin Trough Level

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6
Q

Polymyxins are ? ? (2 words)

A

Cation Detergents

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7
Q

Polymyxin that is injected

A

Polymyxin E/ Colistin

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8
Q

Polymyxin that is applied topically

A

Polymyxin B (Balat)

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9
Q

30s (AT30)

A

Aminoglycosides

Tetracyclines

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10
Q

50s (Mariah Carey Canon is 50 years old)

A

Macrolides
Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin

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11
Q

What relationship exists bet. aminoglycoside and beta-lactam antibiotics?

A

Synergistic (1+1=3)

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12
Q

Ototoxic Aminoglycosides (NAK - Pag bingi ka, u won’t hear my NAK (knock))

A

Neomycin
Amikacin
Kanamycin

*High frequency affected

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13
Q

Vestibulotoxic (SG - Si Sarah G. laging nakavest)

A

Streptomycin

Gentamicin

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14
Q

Nephrotoxic (NGT dumeretso sa kidney)

A

Neomycin
Gentamicin
Tobramycin

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15
Q

What is the most toxic aminoglycoside?

A

Tobramycin

Tobrang Toxic ni Tobramycin

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16
Q

All protein synthesis inhibitors are bacteriostatic EXCEPT?

A

Aminoglycosides - can be given in sepsis

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17
Q

All aminoglycosides are given parenterally EXCEPT

A

NEOMYCIN (topical and oral only)

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18
Q

Aminoglycosides Coverage (4)

A

Gram + EXCEPT Strep. pneumoniae
Gram -
Pseudomonas
No coverage for Atypical and Anaerobic

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19
Q

Aminoglycoside has what kind of relationship with other bacteriostatic antibiotics?

A

Antagonism (1+1=0)

Never combine cidal & static

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20
Q

Short Acting Tetracyclines

A

all end in -tetracycline
Tetracycline
Chlortetracycline
Oxytetracycline

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21
Q

Long Acting Tetracyclines (DoMino)

A

Doxycycline

Minocycline

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22
Q

Tetracyclines is impaired by antacids, dairy, divalent cations (Ca, Mg, Fe) or Al via the process of ?

A

Chelation/ Complex Formation

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23
Q

All tetracyclines are secreted in the bile and urine EXCEPT

A

Doxycycline (Bile only)

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24
Q

Tetracycline Coverage (5)

A 
Gram +
Gram -
Atypical - DOC
Anaerobes
NO PSEUDOMONAS. Broadest spectrum except for pseudomonas.
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25
Q

Tetracycline most impt. ADRS?

A

buTooth

Permanent teeth discoloration, enamel hypolasia
Bone deformity

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26
Q

Tetracyclines are avoided during ? and children ? years old.

A

pregnancy and children <8 years old.

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27
Q

Macrolides Coverage (5)

A 
Gram +
Gram -
Atypical
No pseudomonas
No anaerobes
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28
Q

Macrolides (CARE)

A

Clarithromycin
Azithromycin
Roxithromycin
Erythromycin

29
Q

Macrolide that stimulates MOTILLIN release

A

Erythromycin

Magtatae

30
Q

The only macrolide that is concentration dependent

A

Azithromycin

Qu/A/A/Met/Dap/Poly

31
Q

Macrolide that causes Arrythmia

A

Azithromycin

32
Q

What antibiotic causes aplastic anemia/ myelosupression?

A

Chloramphenicol

33
Q

Notorious ADR of Chloramphenicol?

A

Gray baby syndrome

34
Q

Infants don’t have this enzyme that’s why they can’t metabolized chloramphenicol

A

UDP-Glucoronosyl transferase

Sangglo, Sulfation only, no glucoronidation

35
Q

What pathway is effective in detoxifying chloramphenicol?

A

Glucoronidation (Phase II rxn)

36
Q

Lincosomides ADR

A

SJS

37
Q

Clindamycin ADR

A

Pseudomembranous enterocolitis

All oral antibiotic causes p.e

38
Q

Anaerobic infection Tx ABOVE respiratory diaphragm except the brain

A

Clindamycin

39
Q

Anaerobic infection Tx BELOW respiratory diaphragm PLUS the brain

A

Metronidazole

40
Q

What drugs inhibits DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE? (2)

A

Methotrexate

Trimetoprim

41
Q

Trimethoprim (TMP) – Sulfamethoxazole (SMX)/ Co-trimoxazole are the DOC in these bacteria (4)

A

SBPToxo

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Burkholderia cepacian
Pneumocysticjiroveci/ carini
Toxoplasma gondii

May be used for prostatitis

42
Q

Co-trimoxazole ADRs (5)

A

CHAT KS?

Crystalluria -> bleeding & kidney obs.
Hemolytic Anemia
Agranulocytosis/ Thrombocytopenia
Kernicterus/ Toxic enceph
SJS
43
Q

Co-trimoxazole ADR is crystalluria. What are the different factors that can precipitate this? (3)

A

Acidic urine
High urinary concentration
Low solubility

Co-tri itself doesn’t cause crystalluria but just in the presence of these 3 factors

44
Q

Quinolones inhibit what ?

A

Topoisomerase IV

45
Q

Quinolones Cov (5)

A 
Gram +
Gram -
Atypical
Anaerobic (Moxifloxacin only)
Pseudomonas (CipLe)
46
Q

Respiratory Quinolones used in pneumonia

A

MoGeLe

Moxifloxacin
Gemifloxacin
Levofloxacin

47
Q

All quinolones can cause hyperglycemia in DM pxs EXCEPT

A

Gatifloxacin - Hypoglycemia, no longer manufactured

48
Q

Tetracycline: bones Fluoroquinolones: ?

A

Cartilage - causes Arthropathy

49
Q

What enzyme coverts the Metronidazole from its prodrug form to its metabolites?

A

Ferrodoxine reductase/ Ferrodoxine oxydoredectase

50
Q

Metronidazole notorious ADR (2)

A

Furry Tongue

Metallic Taste

51
Q

Tx for pseudomembranous colitis locally?

A

Metronidazole

Internationally: Vancomycin IV

52
Q

Polymixins are for ?

A

Multidrug resistant organism (last line)

53
Q

What aminoglycoside is contraindicated during pregnancy?

A

Streptomycin - deafness in the newborn

54
Q

T/F: Tetracycline is contraindicated in pregnant and lactating mothers?

A

T

55
Q

Broadest spectrum except for pseudomonas

A

Tetracycline

56
Q

Tigecycline covers almost everything except? (3PM)

A

Pseudomonas
Proteus
Providencia
Morganella

57
Q

DOC for atypical

A

Tetracycline

58
Q

DOC for mild leptospirosis

A

Doxycycline

59
Q

LinCosamides (2)

A

Lincomycin

Clindamycin

60
Q

Clindamycin Coverage

A

Gram +
MRSA - Comm. acquired
Anaerobic

61
Q

<10 % BSA

A

SJS

62
Q

> 30% BSA

A

TEN

63
Q

10-30%

A

SJS-TEN Overlap

64
Q

SJS defect

A

dermo-epidermalpapillo junction

65
Q

What enzyme relieves supercoiling of DNA?

A

Toposiomerase IV

66
Q

Fluoroquinolone that has cov. for anaerobes?

A

Moxifloxacin

67
Q

Fluoroquinolone that has cov. for pseudomonas

A

CipLe
Ciprofloxacin
Lexofloxacin

68
Q

Fluoroquinolones ECG change?

A

QT interval prolongation

*SSRIs, Amiodarone, Hydrochloroquine

69
Q

Metronidazole Cov (AB GET)

A 
Anaerobic
Brain abscess
Giardia
Entamoeba
Trichomonas

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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