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pharm 2 > Anti- convulsants > Flashcards

Anti- convulsants Flashcards

0
Q

Primidone/Mysoline

A

Barbiturate (phenobarb is a metabolite of primidone)
all seizures except absence
Category D

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1
Q

Phenobarbital/Phenobarb

A

barbiturate for generalized seizures
Enhances GABA
choice in kiddos with seizure
Sides: lower IQ in kids. Stimulates CYP450 so less of other drugs in system

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2
Q

Diazepam/Valium

A

Benzodiazepine for status epilepticus and grand mal seizures
Increases GABA sensitivity>more cl- influx> inhibition of CNS synaptic transmission
seldom used for chronic tx

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3
Q

Clonazepam/Klonapin

A

long-acting Benzodiazepine for absence seizures and status epilepticus
Marked abuse potential!
causes drowsiness and altered mentation

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4
Q

Phenytoin/Dilantin

A

anticonvulsant for prophylaxis of all seizures except absence
reduces Na+ and Ca2+ currents
slow onset and long half life
sides: nystagmus.
GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA, hepatotox and bone marrow suppression
IV admin> hypotension and arrythmia. reacts with many drugs

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5
Q

Carbamazepine/Tegretol

A

anticonvulsant for prophylaxis of all seizures except absence. Also used for chronic pain (trigem neuro), schizophrenia, and bipolar
Reduces sodium and calcium currents
Sides: BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION AND APLASTIC ANEMIA
NEVER GIVE WITH MAOI

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6
Q

Valproic acid/ Depakote

A

Med that may enhance GABA used particularly for absence seizures and combined seizures. Also bipolar and chronic pain
Highly protein bound med
Sides: n/v/anxiety. antagonist of folic acid. severe hepatotoxicity. birth defects in preggos

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7
Q

Ethosuximide/Zarontin

A

anticonvulsant for absence seizure
MOA: T-type calcium ion channels
Char: not protein bound. increase phenytoin levels.
1st choice for absence seizures!!
Side: GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA, LUPUS LIKE SYND, confusion, skin rash, blurred vision

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8
Q

Gabapentin/Neurontin

A

anticonvulsant/analgesic for adjunctive tx of partial seizures. also post-herpetic neuro and migraines
Gaba and calcium channels
absorption decreased with antacid ue
Has been used to reduce withdrawal sx from meth and coc

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9
Q

Lamotrigine/ Lamactil

A

anticonvulsant for tonic-clonic seizures, complex-partials, and drug-resistant seizures
degreases sensitivity to glutamate and aspartate
seems to act as a mood stabilizer- FIRST drug to be used for BIPOLAR since lithium

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10
Q

Leuctiracetam/Keppra

A

anticonvulsant for tonic clonic, complex partials, and seizures rstant to drugs
inhibits ca++ through channels
Sides: CNS and skin pigmentation changes

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11
Q

Choice med for partial seizure

A

phenytoin (dilantin)

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12
Q

Choice med for grand mal seizure

A

lamotrigine/ lamactil (also phenytoin)

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13
Q

Choice med for absence seizure

A

ethosuximide/zarontin

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14
Q

choice med for myoclonic seizure

A

valproic acid or clonazepam

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15
Q

choice med for status epilepticus

A

IV phenobarb, valium, or lorazepam

16
Q

alternative tx for seizure

A 
ketogenic diet
vagus nerve stimulation
brain neurostimulators 
surgery
service pets
17
Q

Mechanisms of anti-convulsant drugs

A 
Sodium channel blockade  
• Calcium channel (T-type) blockade• Potentiate GABA - inhibitory 
neurotransmission - 
• Decrease Glutamate - excitatory 
neurotransmission
18
Q

Drugs that could potentially work for partial seizure

A 
Carbamazepine/ Tegretol
• Phenytoin/ Dilantin 
• Diazepam/ Valium 
• Primidone/  Mysoline 
• Valproic acid/ Depakote
19
Q

Drugs that could potentially work for petit mal or absence seizures

A
  • Ethosuximide/ Zarontin
  • Valproic acid/ Depakote
  • Clonazepam/ Klonapin
20
Q

Drugs for grand mal/ tonic clonic seizures

A 
Diazepam/ Valium 
• Phenytoin/ Dilantin 
• Carbamazepine/ Tegretol 
• Phenobarbital/ Phenobarb• Primidone/ Mysoline 
• Lamotrigine/ Lamactil 
•  Levetriacetam/ Keppra 
• Topiramate/ Topamax
21
Q

Potentially effective drugs for status epilepticus

A

Diazepam/ Valium
• Lorazepam/Ativan
• Phenobarbital/ Phenobarb

pharm 2 (16 decks)

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