ANS Physiology Flashcards
“Autonomic”
- Autonomous -“___ ___”
- _____
- Previously seen in discussions of “Homeostasis”
- Involuntary – it runs itself
–In fact we cannot ___ (directly) activate it
Independent of the rest of the NS
Can accommodate for changes in the body that can upset the homeostatic status of the body
Sometimes can ____ and put you in a bad state.
“Autonomic”
- Autonomous -“Self-ruling”
- Independent
- Previously seen in discussions of “Homeostasis”
- Involuntary – it runs itself
–In fact we cannot consciously (directly) activate it
Independent of the rest of the NS
Can accommodate for changes in the body that can upset the homeostatic status of the body
Sometimes can overcompensate and put you in a bad state.
NS (peripheral)
Homeostasis is essential for the ____ of the cells
NS (peripheral)
Homeostasis is essential for the survival of the cells
For Today!
Explore the Autonomic (Efferent) Nervous System
•Divisions: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
–“fight-or-flight” …and “rest-and-digest”
•Nomenclature used, based on origin, function
–“thoraco-lumbar”…and “cranial-sacral”
•Origin and Distributions of cell bodies and the nerves that provide these functions
–“pre-ganglionic” …and “post-ganglionic”
•Neurotransmitters and receptors that give rise to
the predictable responses
-“adrenergic” …and “cholinergic”, “nicotinic” and “muscarinic”
*Efferent=“outflow”or“away from CNS”; Afferent= “inflow”, or “towards CNS” also may be compared to “motor” vs “sensory”
*Adrenergic= ____/ _____ and____e/____/___
Outer portions look kinda white. Bc of myelin
Cell bodies are insideà grey
Ouflow to muscle
Nerve cell bodies are in ventral horn
Dorsal ganglion have sensory input cell bodies
Parasympathetic: cranial sacral
TL: sympathetic
Model for cranial outflow is ___ ___
That nerve is everywher! Has a profound influence
Preganglionic fiber has ganglion in the CNS
For sympathetic: this is short.
Nt at the end of the line for parasymp is ___
Nt at end of line for sympathetic is ___
Preganglionic for both para and symp is ___
For Today!
Explore the Autonomic (Efferent) Nervous System
•Divisions: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
–“fight-or-flight” …and “rest-and-digest”
•Nomenclature used, based on origin, function
–“thoraco-lumbar”…and “cranial-sacral”
•Origin and Distributions of cell bodies and the nerves that provide these functions
–“pre-ganglionic” …and “post-ganglionic”
•Neurotransmitters and receptors that give rise to
the predictable responses
-“adrenergic” …and “cholinergic”, “nicotinic” and “muscarinic”
*Efferent=“outflow”or“away from CNS”; Afferent= “inflow”, or “towards CNS” also may be compared to “motor” vs “sensory”
*Adrenergic= Adrenaline/Epinephrine and NorAdrenaline/NorEpinephrine/Levophed
Outer portions look kinda white. Bc of myelin
Cell bodies are insideà grey
Ouflow to muscle
Nerve cell bodies are in ventral horn
Dorsal ganglion have sensory input cell bodies
Parasympathetic: cranial sacral
TL: sympathetic
Model for cranial outflow is vagus nerve.
That nerve is everywher! Has a profound influence
Preganglionic fiber has ganglion in the CNS
For sympathetic: this is short.
Nt at the end of the line for parasymp is Ach
Nt at end of line for sympathetic is NE
Preganglionic for both para and symp is Ach
Examples of How Changes in ANS Discharge Can Affect the Body
Sympathetic NS:
Cardiac muscle: Fast, strong contractile force
Positive _____ activity. Increases the HR
Increased strength of contraction: Positive ____
Sweat is intended to arive at the surface and pprovide a cooling benefit.
Exception: Post ganglionic nt is usually NE
Sympathetic ____ activity for sweat glands (here it is Ach)
Examples of How Changes in ANS Discharge Can Affect the Body
Sympathetic NS:
Cardiac muscle: Fast, strong contractile force
Positive chronotropic activity. Increases the HR
Increased strength of contraction: Positive inotrop
Sweat is intended to arive at the surface and pprovide a cooling benefit.
Exception: Post ganglionic nt is usually NE
Sympathetic cholinergic activity for sweat glands (here it is Ach)
The Basic Model for ANS Innervation
Anatomical relationships and Nomenclature
Symp: Pre is short. Post is long
Para:
Pre nt is always ___
Post nt: Symp: ___, Para: __
The Basic Model for ANS Innervation
Anatomical relationships and Nomenclature
Symp: Pre is short. Post is long
Para:
Pre nt is always Ach
Post nt: Symp: NE, Para: Ach
Distribution, Roles & Neurotransmitters of the Two ANS Divisions
Nerve to____: nicotinic
Nerve to____: muscarinic (in most cases it goes to muscle)
This is important bc receptors are highly specific. That becoems important in sympathetic NS as well.
Adrenal Medulla acts like the postganglionic fiber.
Gut: parasympathetic: Gut motility, secretions
Blood Vessel: Certain blood vessels have ___ ___
Two kinds of receptors
1) Alpha : Response of those recetors in response of catacholamine will lead to _____à There isn’t enough blood to fill vessels in the body.
2) Beta: when it contacts another grouping on the catacholamine, will lead to ____
Pylorector muscle that makes ___ stick up controlled by the
Distribution, Roles & Neurotransmitters of the Two ANS Divisions
Nicotinic receptor:
Muscarinic receptor:
Nerve to nerve: nicotinic
Nerve to muscle: muscarinic (in most cases it goes to muscle)
This is important bc receptors are highly specific. That becoems important in sympathetic NS as well.
Adrenal Medulla acts like the postganglionic fiber.
Gut: parasympathetic: Gut motility, secretions
Blood Vessel: Certain blood vessels have certain receptors
Two kinds of receptors
1) Alpha : Response of those recetors in response of catacholamine will lead to vasoconstrictionà There isn’t enough blood to fill vessels in the body.
2) Beta: when it contacts another grouping on the catacholamine, will lead to vasodilation.
Pylorector muscle that makes hair stick up controlled by the
Innervation of Organs By the ANS
Sympathetic: Dilate eyes. Increase lateral eye sight
Syncapi
Orthostatic hypotension
Innervation of Organs By the ANS
Sympathetic: Dilate eyes. Increase lateral eye sight
Syncapi
Orthostatic hypotension
Comparison of
Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic Responses
Most innervated blood vessels:
Lungs:
Bladder:
Saliva:
Genitals
Comparison of
Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic Responses
Summary of Characteristics
of the ANS Divisions
Beta: relate to cardiovascular system
Beta blockers
Receptor resides in that vessel
Drug could have chemical groupings that are alpha or beta agonists
They discovered that there were B1 and B2
In Heart: ___ HR and strength of contraction
In Lungs: ___ smooth muscle.
Receptors
Summary of Characteristics
of the ANS Divisions
Beta: relate to cardiovascular system
Beta blockers
Receptor resides in that vessel
Drug could have chemical groupings that are alpha or beta agonists
They discovered that there were B1 and B2
In Heart: Inccreased HR and strength of contraction
In Lungs: Relax smooth muscle.
Characteristics of the
ANS vs Somatic Nervous Systems
Nt at effector:
Effects at effector organs:
Higher centers involved:
ANS:____ ____, ___, ____, ___ ___ ___
Somatic: ___ __, ___ ___, ___ ___, ____, __ __
B
B
C
B
C
Characteristics of the
ANS vs Somatic Nervous Systems
Examples of ANS Dysfunction
*Begin to appreciate what is seen in a clinical setting
and how it contributes to a differential diagnosis
Horner Syndrome – ___ and ____abnormalities (Johann Horner-Ophthalmologist)
- Loss of ____ _____ action
- ____eyelid (lost ____ muscle)
- ____ of the face (lost facial sweat gland function)
All because of some lesion in the ____ pathways
Examples: strokes affecting descending spinal Sympathetic tracts; upper thoracic nerve root lesions or trauma or cancer; neck trauma affecting the postganglionic axons in the neck.
Examples of ANS Dysfunction
*Begin to appreciate what is seen in a clinical setting
and how it contributes to a differential diagnosis
Horner Syndrome – eye and facial abnormalities (Johann Horner-Ophthalmologist)
- Loss of sympathetic pupilodilator action
- Drooping eyelid (lost Muller muscle)
- Dryness of the face (lost facial sweat gland function)
All because of some lesion in the sympathetic pathways
Examples: strokes affecting descending spinal Sympathetic tracts; upper thoracic nerve root lesions or trauma or cancer; neck trauma affecting the postganglionic axons in the neck.
Examples of ANS Dysfunction
Erectile Dysfunction – parasympathetic neurons in the corpora cavernosa of the penis fail to cause the release of adequate amounts of ___ ___ (NO). The NO is needed to cause enhanced synthesis of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (____) in vascular smooth muscle. The GMP is required to cause vascular smooth muscle ____ which will cause the penile erectile tissue to become ___ with blood.
GMP activity is terminated by the enzyme,_____(type 5).
However, if we have a phosphodiesterase INHIBITOR and we still have an intact _____ system then we can make a TV commercial in old bath tubs by the lake!
Warning! When treating suspected anginal episodes (i.e. in cases of myocardial ischemia) do NOT administer nitroglycerin to patients who report taking phosphodiesterase inhibitors!!!
*This has been featured in movies AND in commercials for
“ED” drugs as a “cautionary statement”.
Examples of ANS Dysfunction
Erectile Dysfunction – parasympathetic neurons in the corpora cavernosa of the penis fail to cause the release of adequate amounts of nitric oxide (NO). The NO is needed to cause enhanced synthesis of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) in vascular smooth muscle. The GMP is required to cause vascular smooth muscle relaxation which will cause the penile erectile tissue to become engorged with blood.
GMP activity is terminated by the enzyme, phosphodiesterase (type 5).
However, if we have a phosphodiesterase INHIBITOR and we still have an intact parasympathetic system then we can make a TV commercial in old bath tubs by the lake!
Warning! When treating suspected anginal episodes (i.e. in cases of myocardial ischemia) do NOT administer nitroglycerin to patients who report taking phosphodiesterase inhibitors!!!
*This has been featured in movies AND in commercials for
“ED” drugs as a “cautionary statement”.
