Animal Biodiversity - Nuha Ebrahim

Question 1

What is an invertebrate?

Answer 1

An organism without a vertebral column

Question 2

What is a vertebrate?

Answer 2

An organism that has a vertebral column

Question 3

What are true tissues?

Answer 3

A group of specialised cells

Question 4

What is a cellular level of organisation?

Answer 4

Classification of organisms that do not have true tissues

E.g. Sponges

Question 5

What is a tissue level of organisation?

Answer 5

Classification of organisms that have true tissues

E.g. Humans

Question 6

Name the basic plans used to classify animal phyla

Answer 6

> Symmetry and cephalisation
Number of tissue layers
Absence or presence of coelom
Number of openings in the digestive tract

Question 7

What is asymmetry?

Answer 7

No symmetry

E.g. Sponge

Question 8

Name and explain the 2 types of symmetry

Answer 8

> Radial Symmetry - type of symmetry where an organism can be cut into multiple vertical planes through the centre and obtain 2 mirror images.
E.g. Sea urchin

> Bilateral Symmetry - type of symmetry where an organism can only be cut through one central plane and obtain 2 mirror images.
E.g. Humans

Question 9

What is cephalisation?

Answer 9

The concentration of nerve cells at the anterior edge of the body. It is associated with bilateral symmetry.

Question 10

What is a diploblastic organism?

Answer 10

An organism with 2 germ (tissue) layers
> endoderm (inner)
> ectoderm (outer)

Question 11

What is a triploblastic organism?

Answer 11

An organism with 3 germ (tissue) layers
> endoderm (inner)
> ectoderm (outer)
> mesoderm (middle)

Question 12

What does acoelomate mean?

Answer 12

No cavity (coelom) in the mesoderm 
E.g. Flatworm

Question 13

What does pseudocoelomate mean?

Answer 13

Has a coelom, but it is not a true coelom because it is not entirely surrounded by the mesoderm.
E.g. Roundworm

Question 14

What does coelomate mean?

Answer 14

Has a cavity (coelom) in the mesoderm

E.g. Moluscs

Question 15

What is the purpose of a blood system?

Answer 15

> Transports gases
Transports digested nutrients
Transports waste (excretory system)

Question 16

What is a through-gut?

Answer 16

A separate opening for the mouth and anus

Question 17

What are the advantages of a through-gut?

Answer 17

> The incoming and outgoing do not mix

> It’s specialised areas make it more efficient

Question 18

What are the 3 types of skeletons?

Answer 18

> Hydrostastic (e.g. worms)
Exoskeleton (e.g. ladybird)
Endoskeleton (e.g. humans)

Question 19

Name the body plans associated with the phylum Porifera

Answer 19

> Multicellular
Cellular level of organisation
E.g. sponges

Question 20

Name the body plans associated with the phylum Cnidaria

Answer 20

> True tissues
Radial symmetry
Diploblastic
E.g. Jellyfish, blue bottles, anemones

Question 21

Name the body plans associated with the phylum Arthropoda

Answer 21

> True tissues
> Bilateral symmetry and cephalisation
> Tripoblastic
> Coelomate and through-gut
> Blood system
> Exoskeleton
E.g. Crab, tick, ladybird

Question 22

Name the body plans associated with the phylum Chordata

Answer 22

> True tissues
> Bilateral symmetry and cephalisation
> Tripoblastic
> Coelomate and through-gut
> Endodskeleton
> Blood system
E.g. Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals

Question 23

Name the body plans associated with the phylum Platyhelminthes

Answer 23

> True tissues
> Bilateral symmetry and cephalisation
> Tripoblastic
> Acoelomate
E.g. tapeworms and flatworms

Question 24

Name the body plans associated with the phylum Annelida

Answer 24

> True tissues
> Bilateral symmetry and cephalisation
> Tripoblastic
> Coelomate and through-gut
> Blood system
E.g. Earthworms and leeches