Animal Biodiversity - Nuha Ebrahim Flashcards
What is an invertebrate?
An organism without a vertebral column
What is a vertebrate?
An organism that has a vertebral column
What are true tissues?
A group of specialised cells
What is a cellular level of organisation?
Classification of organisms that do not have true tissues
E.g. Sponges
What is a tissue level of organisation?
Classification of organisms that have true tissues
E.g. Humans
Name the basic plans used to classify animal phyla
> Symmetry and cephalisation
Number of tissue layers
Absence or presence of coelom
Number of openings in the digestive tract
What is asymmetry?
No symmetry
E.g. Sponge
Name and explain the 2 types of symmetry
> Radial Symmetry - type of symmetry where an organism can be cut into multiple vertical planes through the centre and obtain 2 mirror images.
E.g. Sea urchin
> Bilateral Symmetry - type of symmetry where an organism can only be cut through one central plane and obtain 2 mirror images.
E.g. Humans
What is cephalisation?
The concentration of nerve cells at the anterior edge of the body. It is associated with bilateral symmetry.
What is a diploblastic organism?
An organism with 2 germ (tissue) layers
> endoderm (inner)
> ectoderm (outer)
What is a triploblastic organism?
An organism with 3 germ (tissue) layers
> endoderm (inner)
> ectoderm (outer)
> mesoderm (middle)
What does acoelomate mean?
No cavity (coelom) in the mesoderm E.g. Flatworm
What does pseudocoelomate mean?
Has a coelom, but it is not a true coelom because it is not entirely surrounded by the mesoderm.
E.g. Roundworm
What does coelomate mean?
Has a cavity (coelom) in the mesoderm
E.g. Moluscs
What is the purpose of a blood system?
> Transports gases
Transports digested nutrients
Transports waste (excretory system)
What is a through-gut?
A separate opening for the mouth and anus
What are the advantages of a through-gut?
> The incoming and outgoing do not mix
> It’s specialised areas make it more efficient
What are the 3 types of skeletons?
> Hydrostastic (e.g. worms)
Exoskeleton (e.g. ladybird)
Endoskeleton (e.g. humans)
Name the body plans associated with the phylum Porifera
> Multicellular
Cellular level of organisation
E.g. sponges
Name the body plans associated with the phylum Cnidaria
> True tissues
Radial symmetry
Diploblastic
E.g. Jellyfish, blue bottles, anemones
Name the body plans associated with the phylum Arthropoda
> True tissues > Bilateral symmetry and cephalisation > Tripoblastic > Coelomate and through-gut > Blood system > Exoskeleton E.g. Crab, tick, ladybird
Name the body plans associated with the phylum Chordata
> True tissues > Bilateral symmetry and cephalisation > Tripoblastic > Coelomate and through-gut > Endodskeleton > Blood system E.g. Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals
Name the body plans associated with the phylum Platyhelminthes
> True tissues > Bilateral symmetry and cephalisation > Tripoblastic > Acoelomate E.g. tapeworms and flatworms
Name the body plans associated with the phylum Annelida
> True tissues > Bilateral symmetry and cephalisation > Tripoblastic > Coelomate and through-gut > Blood system E.g. Earthworms and leeches
