ANESTHESIA: Local anesthetics Flashcards
how do local anesthetics work?
they interfere with movement of sodium ions across neuronal cells membranes/Na channels
of Esters and Amides, this group is rapidly metabolized by an enzyme in the blood, thus having a short duration of effect
esters
what drug is the standard for comparison of drug potency?
Procaine
of Esters and Amides, this group is not popular in vet medicine
- why?
esters
- short duration of effect
this drug is used in ophthalmic solutions (eye)
tetracaine
of Esters and Amides, this group is metabolized by the liver more slowly (thus having a longer lasting effect)
amides
of Esters and Amides, this group is really only used as topicals on mucous membranes
esters
this drug is the most popular local anesthetic
lidocaine
this drug is common in horse nerve blocks
mepivacaine
this drug is used for prolonged analgesia
bupivacaine
this drug is 2x as potent as procaine
lidocaine
this drug is 8-10x as potent as procaine
bupivacaine
this drug has a rapid onset and lasts 1 1/2 - 2 hours
lidocaine
this drug is less irritating than lidocaine
mepivacaine
this drug has a slow onset (15-30 min) but can last for 4-6 hours
bupivacaine
this drug can be used to treat dysrhythmias (minus epinephrine)
lidocaine
this drug is 2 1/2x as potent as procaine
mepivacaine
this drug can sting when injected
- what can we use to counter the sting?
lidocaine (acidic)
- sodium bicarbonate
this drug has a rapid onset and lasts 1 1/2 - 3 hours
mepivacaine
this drug can be used for tooth extractions
bupivacaine
amides in order from least to most potent
- lidocaine
- mepivacaine
- bupivacaine
which combination is best for localized anesthesia?
lidocaine + epinephrine
what does epinephrine do?
- how does this help?
it’ll cause vasoconstriction in the area
- lidocaine won’t be removed from the site as quickly
