Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CCDB > Anatomy - upper limb - block 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy - upper limb - block 3 Flashcards

1
Q

arm abduction?

A 
supraspinatous (15 suprapsin n
deltoid 90 - axilary n
trapezium 100 (accessory n
serratus anterior 180 - long thoracic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What bone varies more than almost any other long bone in shape?

A

clavicle - in manual workers, thicker, more curved

one of most frequently fractured bones

common breaks in children w/ outstretched hands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

weakest part of clavicle?

A

junction of middle and lateral thirds.

if broken, people support sagging limb w/ other hand - shoulder drops,

coracoclavicular lig usually prevents dislocation of acromioclavicular joint, even when there is a break

will be pulled medially by pecs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

First bone, last bone, broken bone?

A

first long bone to ossify - last long bone to finish growing - age 18 - 25! last epiphysis to fuse

sometimes two ossif centers don’t fuse - and dr thinks it’a break - but it isn’t - xray both clavicles, because usually will occur in both (vs break only in one)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

fracture of scapula?

A

huge trauma - no treatment re covered on both sides by muscle. usually see ribs fractured too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

humerous fractures?

A

common in elderly and young - extending arm.

Location? proximal end of neck

artery and nerve in danger?

elderly w. osteoporosis -holding arm out to catch self - avulsion fracture of great tubercle (avulsed - torn away)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

transverse fracture to shaft of humerous?

A

direct blow -

outstretched hand can also cause spiral fracture of humeral shaft -

severe fall on elbow - intercondylar fracture (ulna driven into space between two condyles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

nerves touching humerus?

A

neck - axillary

radial groove - radial

distal end - median

medial epcondyle - ulnar

nerves may be injured with fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

fractures in radius, ulnar?

A

severe injury - joined together w/ interosseous membrane

often if one breaks, both do. -

or dislocation of joint

usually middle 1/3 of bone,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

> 50 yo break in forearm?

A

women- most common Colles fracture - distal 2cm of radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

carpal bones -

A

so long to pinky, here come the thumb

scaphoid (most common break)
lunate (most common dislocation)
t ?
Piriformis
hamate HOOK (ulnar nerve and artery near - may be injured - )
c ate
trapezium
trapezius? zoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

most common carpal break?

A

scaphoid -

often misdiagnosed as sprain -

may necrose re not good blood supply

can also create degenerative joint disease

may need to fuse carpal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Boxer’s fracture?

A

5th metacarpal broken - unskilled punch - flexion deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Does the ulna or the radius reach the writs?

A

radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Myotome?

A

A myotome is the group of muscles that a single spinal nerve innervates. Similarly a dermatome is an area of skin that a single nerve innervates. In vertebrate embryonic development, a myotome is the part of a somite that develops into the muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

video re testing upper limb nerves

A

x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

radial nerve test?

A

wrist extension when arm fully extended (wrist flicking),

thumb extension

innervates posterior full arm and majority of back of hand (thumb to ring finger - not tips of fingers) or pinky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ulnar nerve test?

A

move pinky

dorsal and palmar pinky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

median nerve?

A

thumb pinch, abduction of thumb,

innervates most of palm and tips of dorsal fingers

so if we can feel tips of fingers - MEDIAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Axillary nerve?

A

deltoid, shoulder ABD - badge of skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

musculocutaneous nerve?

A

elbow flexion - biceps -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ARM - U
NAMe SOME -

arm nerve problems

A 
Axil nerve c5-6
Neck fracture (surgical neck of humorous)

ABDUCT - can’t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

R - AM

Radial nerve

A

Radial nerve c5 - T1 (mediam too)

Axilla or Midshaft fractures

Saturday night
RUTCH palsy crutch

RIST drop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

M - S

Median -

A

Median c5 - t1

Supracondylar median fracture

Monkey hand - APE hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

U
O/ME

Ulnar

A

ulnar - c8 - T 1

O - outstretched fall (hook of hamate)
Medial Epichondyle fracture

Ulnar CLAW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

most common dislocated carpal bone?

A

Lunate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

superficial branch of radial nerve? is it cutaneous only?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

competitive weight lifter, pain proximal forearm, excacerbated by flexion of elbow and supination against pressure? x ray show chornic microtears to prosimal radias

A

biceps brachii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

stabbed in back - in posterior axillary fold - weakness in extension, adduction - which muscle likely cut?

A

lattisimus dorsi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

stabbed in quadrangular space AKA LATERAL AXILLIARY HIATUS of shoulder - lots of blood - which neural structure likely damaged?

A

axilliary nerve, important space, allowing posterior humeral circumflex vessels and axil nerve to pass

FOUR structures - teres major, minor, long head of tricep, surg neck of humerus.

axilliary nerve supplies terres minor and deltoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

pectoralis minor muscle - where does axil artery lie?

A

second part of axillary artery lies deep to muscle - divides into three parts -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

bringing arm back to throw - what muscles produces this lateral rotation of arm?

A

teres minor, infraspinatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

lateral cord of brachial plexus is named because it lies immediately lateral to what?

A

axilliary artery - medial nerve is medial to artery, posterior nerve is posterior to artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

pronator teres syndrome?

A

median nerve - all five nerves pass thru diff tunnels where they may become compressed - median tunnel is betw median epicondyle and ulna coronoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

does radial nerve divide? If so, where and how?

A

cubital fossa - superficial and deep - deep passing into posterior compartment, nerve can become entrapped - supinator syndrome (at this point nerve is called posterior interosseus nerve - has pierced supinator muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

compression of ulnar may occur in what canal?

A

guyon canal - hypothenar muscles affected - palmar aspect of hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

pulse of radial artery - most common location - where vessel passes?

A

lateral to tendon of flexor carpi radialis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

elder, hands sore when work with them, pain hand and fingers - testing show insuff blood to deep palmar arch - which artery?

A

radial - ulnar and radial anastomose - radial is deep, ulnar superficial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

which arm vein is analagous to great saphenous vein of leg?

A

cephalic - both associated w/ first digits - different rotations put great toe medially, and thumb lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

fracture of surgical neck of humerus - what artery and nerve are in danger?

A

posterior humeral circumflex artery and axilliary nerve -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

slashing superficially in front wrist - what muscle tendons may be severed?

A

flexor carpi radialis - roof of carpal tunnel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

young man punches locker - swelling over dorsomedial aspect and in hypothenar area of hand - likely injury?

A

boxer’s fractures - fifth metacarpal fracture - unskilled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

construction worker pain - freq lifts heavy objects over head - sharp pain 80 to 150 degrees of abduction at glenohumeral join?

A

supraspinatus tendonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

car accident - rear ended - right arm on steering wheel - forced flexion at elbow - months later pins and needed little finger, or when typing

A

ulnar nerve in elbox is compressed - cubital tunnel syndrome -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

stop at lippincott Q 37

A

almost done

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

rotator cuff SITS

A

supraspinatus - 0 -15 ABD (pre-deltoid)
most common injury to rotator cuff - thru degen or injury
empty/full can test
n - suprascap

Infrasupinatus - PITCHING injury
n - suprascap - external rotate

Teres minor - axil nerve
ext rotates, adducts

Subscapularis (upper and lower subscap nerve) plugs into lesser tubercle - all others into greater tubercle
internally roates and adduct art

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

arm ABDUction?

A

supraspinature 1 - 15 / n suprascap
deltoid 15 - 100 / n axil
>90 trapezius / n accessory
>100 serratus anterior SALT - n long thoracic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

upper extremity nerves A, M, R, M U

A

axilliary - c5 -6

neck of humorus
anterior dislocatin of humerus

loss of deltoid, shoulder sensation
loss of arm abd 0 -15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Musultocutaneous c5 -7

A

biceps, weakness of forearm flexion, supination

loss of sensation over lateral forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Radial c5 T1

A

cRutches, SatuRday night, Rist drop/flick
compression of Axilla (arm pit)
midshaft humurus fracture
scREWdriver use (finger drop)

all of back of arm, dorsal hand but fingertips and pinky dorsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Median c5 - t1

A

supracondyle fracture of humerus - proximal lesion of nerve

carapl tunnel syndrome, wrist laceration - distal lesion of nerve

MONKEY ape hand,
POPE’s blessing
Thumb opposition
finger tip sensations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Ulnar c8 - t1

A

fractured medial epicondyle of humerus FUNNY BONE
Hamate hook (Hamming it up with funny bone)
fractured hook from fall on outstretched hand

ulnar claw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

recurrent branch of 5 - t1median nerve c

A

superficial laceration of palm

ape hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

back of arm - I thought it was all radial nerve

A

but first aid show axil nerve (badge deltoid0 then radial, musculatcutaneous forearm, radia at thumb, medial forarm mediabrachael cutaneous, under arm medial brachial, cutaneous, to intercosta braceal near under arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

map of bracial plexus lesions

A 
1 erbs palsy 
2 claw hand  - kumplex salsy - ulnar
3 Rist drop - radial
4 winged scapula (long thoracic)
5 deltoid paralysis
6 sat night right drop
7difficulty flexing elbow
8decreased tubm function - pope's blessing
9claw hand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

notes from class

A

x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

which is stronger bicep or radius?

A

radius - between radius and ulna - radius moves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

what does annular lig connect?

A

The annular ligament is attached by both its ends to the anterior and posterior margins of the radial notch of the ulna, together with which it forms the articular surface that surrounds the head and neck of the radius.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

dermatones which easier to distinguish where problem

A

if axial line isn’t overlapping - c5 vs T2 as opposed to c5, c7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

during masectomy, common nerve injured?

A

long thoracic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

what muscle has two nerve supplies? high YIELD

A

Teres major is supplied primarily by the lower subscapular nerve and additionally by the thoracodorsal nerve (middle subscapular nerve). … These three nerves branch off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. The nerves that innervate teres major consist of fibers from spinal nerves C5-C8.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

glenohumerol joints?

A

ball and socket joint between the scapula and the humerus. It is the major joint connecting the upper limb to the trunk. It is one of the most mobile joints in the human body, at the cost of joint stability.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What is axilliary sheath formed by? HIGH YIELD

A

prevertebral fascia -

The axillary sheath is a fibrous sheath that encloses the axillary artery and the three cords of the brachial plexus to form the neurovascular bundle, surrounded by the axillary fat. It is an extension of the prevertebral fascia of the deep cervical fascia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What are the arteries that supply the arm and forearm?

A

The forearm region is thus supplied by two major vessels, the radial artery and ulnar artery. These arteries originate from the brachial artery at the apex of the cubital fossa, with the radial artery descending through the lateral part of the forearm and the ulnar artery through the medial part.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What muscle is most affected during winging of scapula?

A

Scapular winging is almost always caused by damage to one of three nerves that control muscles in your arms, back, and neck:
the long thoracic nerve, which controls the serratus anterior muscle.
the dorsal scapular nerve, which controls the rhomboid muscles.
the spinal accessory nerve, which controls the trapezius muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What muscle causes winging of the scapula?

A

Scapula winging is caused by severe injury to the muscles that control the scapula or to the nerves that supply these muscles. One common cause is injury to the serratus anterior muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

axillary artery?

A

In human anatomy, the axillary artery is a large blood vessel that conveys oxygenated blood to the lateral aspect of the thorax, the axilla (armpit) and the upper limb. Its origin is at the lateral margin of the first rib, before which it is called the subclavian artery.

As it moves downward it becomes the brachial artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Axillary artery branches (mnemonic) …

A

S AL SAP. Screw the lawyer, save a patient!

superior thoracic
thraco acromila
lateral thoracic
sucscapular
anterior circumflex

posterior circumflex

RUNS w/ axilliary nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What does the anterior circumflex humeral artery supply?

A

The anterior circumflex humeral artery provides part of the blood supply to the glenohumeral joint, teres major and minor, and deltoid muscles. The ascending branch provides supply to the head of the humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

anterior and posterior circumflex anastamose?

A

The anterior humeral circumflex artery is an artery in the arm. It is one of two circumflexing arteries that branch from the axillary artery, the other being the posterior humeral circumflex artery. The anterior humeral circumflex artery is considerably smaller than the posterior … muscle, and anastomoses with the posterior humeral circumflex artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

posterior circumflex artery? Quadragular space

A

The posterior humeral circumflex artery (posterior circumflex artery, posterior circumflex humeral artery) arises from the third part of axillary artery at the lower border of the subscapularis, and runs posteriorly with the axillary nerve through the quadrangular space.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Thoracic outlet syndrome is a group of disorders that occur when blood vessels or nerves in the space between your collarbone and your first rib (thoracic outlet) are compressed. This can cause pain in your shoulders and neck and numbness in your fingers.

There are 3 types of thoracic outlet syndrome:
Neurogenic: Affects nerves leading from the spinal cord to the neck to the arm. Most thoracic outlet syndrome cases involve nerves.
Venous: Affects veins.
Arterial: Affects arteries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

What passes through the superior thoracic aperture?

A

The superior thoracic aperture allows connection of the anatomic structures of the thorax and the neck. … The right and left subclavian arteries and veins pass through the superior thoracic aperture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

What is its other name?

A

The superior thoracic aperture, also known as the thoracic inlet or outlet, connects the root of the neck with the thorax.

VAN compression of structures near 1st rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

What is the Interscalene triangle?

A

The inter-scalene triangle is a region of the neck that holds fundamental structures to upper extremity function. The triangle is composed of two muscles and the first rib. The two neck muscles are the anterior and middle scalenes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

What is the Interscalene triangle?

A

The inter-scalene triangle is a region of the neck that holds fundamental structures to upper extremity function. The triangle is composed of two muscles and the first rib. The two neck muscles are the anterior and middle scalenes.

NO VEIN - vein is in front of anterior scalene muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

costoclavicular syndrome - soldiers!

A

first described in soldiers with loaded knapsacks, who developed pain, numbness, and fatigueability of the arms as they stood at attention.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Hyperabduction syndrome?

A

is often caused by prolonged or repetitive hyperabduction of the arm, which stretches the nerves and vascular bundles that run between the pectoralis minor tendon and the corocoid process.

common carpenters, construction workers, and plumbers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

What is Roos test?

A

To test for the presence of neural or vascular compromise in the thoracic outlet. Test position: Standing. Performing the Test: Have the patient abduct each shoulder to 90 degrees with the shoulders laterally rotated and the elbows flexed slightly behind the frontal plane.

EAST test - like arrested / surrender- hold 3 minutes

80
Q

axil vein

A

axillary vein is a large blood vessel that conveys blood from the lateral aspect of the thorax, axilla (armpit) and upper limb toward the heart. There is one axillary vein on each side of the body. Its origin is at the lower margin of the teres major muscle and a continuation of the brachial vein.

81
Q

The cephalic vein?

A

is a superficial vein of the upper limb and it’s one of the two main veins of the arm. Its name derives from ‘cephalic’ meaning head, as the vein runs up to the shoulder. The superficial venous network is the source of blood for most blood tests, and is the easiest place to access venous blood

82
Q

The basilic vein

A

is a large superficial vein of the upper limb that helps drain parts of the hand and forearm.

83
Q

breast cancer - lymph nodes

A

Axillary” means “of the armpit,” and the axillary lymph nodes are typically the first place breast cancer spreads to. You have many axillary nodes, and the first ones cancer is likely to move into are called the sentinel lymph nodes

84
Q

Lymph nodes in axillary region?

A

The body has about 20 to 40 bean-shaped axillary lymph nodes located in the underarm area. … They are about 1cm in size and are arranged into five groups: subscapular axillary (posterior), apical (medial or subclavicular), pectoral axillary (anterior), brachial (lateral), and central lymph nodes

feed tinto central collectors.

85
Q

brachial plexus anterior vs posterior?

A

anterior - flex, posterior extend - posterior brachial doesn’t give any branches

86
Q

biggest nerve of brachial plexus?

A

radial

87
Q

boxer’s muscle

A

The serratus anterior is occasionally called the “big swing muscle” or “boxer’s muscle” because it is largely responsible for the protraction of the scapula — that is, the pulling of the scapula forward and around the rib cage that occurs when someone throws a punch.

88
Q

two types of scapular winging? - medial more common -

A

Winging of the scapula is divided into two categories, medial and lateral, according to the direction of winging. Medial winging is more common, being caused by serratus anterior paralysis. This is typically due to damage (i.e. lesions) of the long thoracic nerve.

89
Q

Lateral winging - surgery, accessory nerve

A

The second category is the lateral winging which is caused by injury of the spinal accessory nerve. Severe atrophy of the trapezius is seen with accidental damage to the spinal accessory nerve during lymph node biopsy of the neck.

90
Q

two types of scapular winging? - medial more common -

A

Winging of the scapula is divided into two categories, medial and lateral, according to the direction of winging. Medial winging is more common, being caused by serratus anterior paralysis. This is typically due to damage (i.e. lesions) of the long thoracic nerve.

TEST - push against wall

91
Q

iotrogenic injury?

A

from surgery, medical treatment

92
Q

most common hand/arm injuries

A

Common Hand and Arm Injuries
Tennis elbow. - radial nerve
Golfer’s elbow. -

cubital tunnel syndrome. This condition is caused by a pinched ulnar nerve as it crosses the elbow on its way to the hand

Frozen shoulder.

Frozen shoulder is the common name for adhesive capsulitis, which is a shoulder condition that limits your range of motion. When the tissues in your shoulder joint become thicker and tighter, scar tissue develops over time. As a result, your shoulder joint doesn’t have enough space to rotate properly.

Flexor tendinitis.
swelling in the tendons that help control hand movement.

Rotator cuff tear.

93
Q

musculocutaneous nerve.?

A

It supplies three flexor muscles in the arm, the first of which is a shoulder flexor, coracobrachialis. The musculocutaneous nerve runs right through coracobrachialis, and emerges here, deep to the biceps. It runs down the arm between biceps and brachialis, supplying both muscles.

94
Q

musculocutaneous nerve.?

A

It supplies three flexor muscles in the arm, the first of which is a shoulder flexor, coracobrachialis. The musculocutaneous nerve runs right through coracobrachialis, and emerges here, deep to the biceps. It runs down the arm between biceps and brachialis, supplying both muscles.

supinates radius, ulna, fexes elbox jt, flexes shoulder jt

95
Q

rule if two joint muscle

A

first action is closest to insertion (so need to know where the insertion is) - usually the farthest away - distal

96
Q

What is meant by origin and insertion of a muscle?

A

Origin is the attachment site that DOES NOT MOVE during contraction, while the insertion is the attachment site that does move when the muscle contracts. The insertion is usually distal, or further away, while the origin is proximal, or closer to the body, relative to the insertion.

97
Q

how much can a muscle typically shorten

A

1/3 of resting -

98
Q

The medial brachial cutaneous nerve ?

A

provides sensation to the medial cutaneous aspect of the arm. It is the smallest and most medial branch of the brachial plexus, originating from C8 and T1. As it descends down the arm, it courses with basilic vein, terminating at the distal third of the medial arm

99
Q

how do nerve communicate?

A

run in same sheath

100
Q

important dermatones?

A

t10 - umbilicus
t4 nipple
L1 groin
s1 sole of foot

Upper extremity

C6 - Thumb

C7 - Middle finger

C8 - Little finger

T1 - Inner forearm

T2 - Upper inner arm

Lower extremity

L3 - Knee

L4 - Medial malleolus

L5 - Dorsum of foot

L5 - Toes 1-3

S1 - Toes 4 and 5; lateral malleolus

Other

C2 and C3 - Posterior head and neck

T4 - Nipple

T10 - Umbilicus

101
Q

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?

A

is a condition that involves pressure or stretching of the ulnar nerve (also known as the “funny bone” nerve), which can cause numbness or tingling in the ring and small fingers, pain in the forearm, and/or weakness in the hand.

102
Q

Pronator teres syndrome?

A

can’t make the OK sign -

is a compression neuropathy of the median nerve at the elbow. It is rare compared to compression at the wrist (carpal tunnel syndrome) or isolated injury of the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve (anterior interosseous syndrome).

103
Q

thoracodorsal nerve?

A

middle subscapular nerve or the long subscapular nerve. It supplies the latissimus dorsi muscle. It arises from the brachial plexus. It derives its fibers from the sixth, seventh, and eighth cervical nerves.

104
Q

erb’s palsy? baby delivery, waiters

A

Erb’s palsy is a paralysis of the arm caused by injury to the upper group of the arm’s main nerves, specifically the severing of the upper trunk C5–C6 nerves. These form part of the brachial plexus, comprising the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5–C8 and thoracic nerve T1.

105
Q

erb’s palsy vs klumpke’s

A

Erb-Duchenne (Erb’s) palsy refers to paralysis of the upper brachial plexus. Dejerine-Klumpke (Klumpke’s) palsy refers to paralysis of the lower brachial plexus.

106
Q

Other birth problem?

A

In Klumpke’s palsy, the muscles of the forearm, wrist and hand are most affected. It is caused by a birth injury to the neck and shoulder due to a difficult vaginal delivery, tumor of the lung or shoulder, or trauma to the arm and shoulder. The nerves may be stretched or torn, causing weakness, pain or numbness.

107
Q

operating table injury?

A

radial nerve compression - tourniquet on thin person -

108
Q

if injury to nerve in spinal groove - can elbow still work?

A

yes, elbow extension spared

109
Q

tennis elbow?

A

injury to lateral epicondytes

110
Q

figuring out where radial nerve not working?

A

if elbow work but wrist drop - means ?

if both elbow and wrist not working - means injury is higher up

111
Q

Ulnar paradox :

A

The higher the lesion of the median and ulnar nerve injury , the less prominent is the deformity and vice versa, because in higher lesions the long finger flexors are also paralysed (which were causing interphalangeal flexion/clawing).

112
Q

Image result for what if patient can’t make the OK sign?

A

Unable to do the O.K. sign means that there is a loss of motor function. There will be aching in the anterior forearm. A patient with a complete anterior interosseous nerve injury or a high medial nerve injury is asked to make a fist.

Injuries to the arm, forearm or wrist area can lead to various nerve disorders. … If the median nerve is damaged, the ability to abduct and oppose the thumb may be lost due to paralysis of the thenar muscles. Various other symptoms can occur which may be repaired through surgery and tendon transfers.

113
Q

rotator cuff injuries -

A

weakness two ways - muscle messed up OR nerve not working at muscle. If nerve not working - no pain.

s supraspinatus ABd 0 - 15%, empty can can you push arm down?, or drop art test - lowering arm until 15% then if problem, drops

infraspinatous- external rotation - arm behind back - can they push back?

teres minor (doesn’t matter)

s - front of scap -INTERNAL rotation - test - adduct arm to torso, bend elbow -push are out and see if they can push it medially back in

114
Q

shoulder dislocations? two types

A

elbow adducted in both -

anterior - external rotate COMMON - sports injury, fall from standing

DANGER - putting back in - can damage AXIL nerve

posterior - internal rotation - lots of force LIghtning STRIKE - seizures, etc

115
Q

Elbow - 3 problems

A

medial epicondyle - where hand flexes - GOLFERS elbow

lateral epicondyle - where hand extends - TENNIS Elbow

test - have person do the extend or flex and push against - see if they can resist

  1. Radial head sublacation
    ulna and radius connected via annular ligament - ulna yanked out - and when ulna comes back in - KIDS yanking - when arm extended - hurts because ligament is now in the way
116
Q

wrist

A

carpal tunnel - medial nerve soft - bones hard - compressing - thenar weakness is LATE sign - complain pain - tapping on wrist or having them try to put not the reverse of palms together -

Ulnar nerve compression - CYCLISTS -wrist on handlebar - wear gloves/pad

117
Q

hand fractures?

A

Torus vs greenstick

Torus - buckle fractures, are incomplete fractures of the shaft of a long bone that is characterized by bulging of the cortex. They result from trabecular compression due to an axial loading force along the long axis of the bone

118
Q

two types of break?

A

greenstick on one side, force perpendicular to bone -

torous fracture - axial stress -

Boxer’s fracture - 5th finger hurt

119
Q

FOOSH - fall on outstretched hand - 3 types

A

Scaphoid - adult male (vignette) - watershed area - if breaks not good blood supply - necrosis - often misdiagnose - pain at anatomical snuffbox and necrotic bone a week later

Radial head - old ladies - break near wrist - colles fracture - rare is smith fracture (flexed wrist fall)

supracondular humeral - MOST COMMON in kids - pain at elbow - usually at growth plate - weakest spot -

120
Q

humerul fractures?

A

surgical neck - axil nerve

midshaft - radial n injury

supracondular - media nerve

medial condyle - ulnar n

121
Q

crutches, sat night palsy?

A

wrist drop - radial nerve

122
Q

medial nerve injury? proximal, distal, carpal tunnel

Pope’s blessing - digits 1,2,3 can’t flex - remain extended while making fist

A

proximal - lose more - lose elbow flex

distal

carpal tunnel? - one branch jumps over on the superficial area - likely spared if injuries more proximal

123
Q

Ulnar injury - surgery injury - while people padded in proximal

proximal and distal

A

proximal - digits 4, 5 can’t flex, can’t make fist - operating table problem

distal - lose part of fingers = PIP, DIP flexed, MPM - extended

I didn’t follow his explanation

124
Q

dermatomes - tested all the time - not really useful except shingles

A

envision arm pushing at 7, mid finger c7

shoulder - c4

armpit t2

125
Q

4 things to memorize re brachial plexus - because therre is no logic which explains which nerves should be where?

Erb’s palsy?

Klempke

thoracic outlet syndrom

winged scap

A
  1. erb’s palsy - upper trunk - c5 - 6

waiters tip - asking for a tip when injured, baby delivery

stretching out higher nerve rooms - fall with neck stretched out -

126
Q

Klempke’s claw

A

childbirth - breach birth - pulling on arm to get baby out

adults - falling from height - catching self on rail, tree branch - shear lower trunk

loses all - hand power lose lumbricals.

MCPs extended
dip, pip flexed CLAW

127
Q

thoracic outlet syndrome

A

klempke’s + edema - pancoast tumor or cervical rib - call it this

128
Q

winged scap - loss of long thoracic that innervates serratus - ABD

A

can injure in lymph node dissection.

129
Q

breasts saggy?

A

cooper’s ligaments suspensory

130
Q

lateral lower scap injury?

can’t medial rotate or adduct humerous

A

nerve - lower subscap -

131
Q

court stenographer, weakend carpal tunnel muscles?

A

thenar and lumbricals I II

132
Q

fracture medial epicondyle, torn ulnar, what muscle injured?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris (1 and a half muscles) in forearm, and half of digitorum profundis (half)

133
Q

midshaft humerul fracture?

A

damage radial n and deep brachial artery

134
Q

humerus francture 1 in ch proximal to epicondyles? - what nerve?

A

median at risk

135
Q

wrist drop ? radial - but here asking for branches

A

posterior interosseus

The posterior interosseous nerve, also known as the dorsal interosseous nerve, is the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve after it penetrates the supinator muscle. It carries fibres from the C7 and C8 spinal nerves, and supplies the majority of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm.

136
Q

breaks in humerous, not much flexion, supination of forearm - loss of lateral surface of forearm?

A

msuculocutaneous

137
Q

radial bursa in thumb (bitten by dog) - tendon?

A

flexor pollicus longus

138
Q

which artery at risk at cubital fossa? contents of cubital fossa?

A

biceps brachii tendon, brachial artery, median nerve

139
Q

lymph from skin near xyphoid drains where?

A

axillary lymph nodes - skin of anterior chest all

140
Q

graft of long thoracic = what arteries will supply blood to anerior part of upper IC spaces?

A

posterior intercostal - anastamose with anterior

141
Q

radial pulse palpation lateral to?

A

flexor carpi radialis tendon - compressed against distal radius

if in snuffbox - radial artery against scaphoid

142
Q

inability to flex distal interphalangeal joints of 4,5 digit? guy walks thru plate glass window

A

flexor digitorum profundus affected

ulnar nerve superficial

143
Q

wound palm of hand - can’t touch thumb to fingers?

A

recurrent branch of median,

144
Q

child’s jerked arm?

A

anular ligament

145
Q

Erb’s syndrome? what part of trunk?

A

roots of UPPER trunk

146
Q

anatomical snuffbox m?

A

extensor pollicis brevis, extensor and flexor pollicis longus

147
Q

nerve adducted fingers?

A

ulnar

148
Q

post shoulder dislocation, following fixing it - can’t abduct arm normally - which muscle torn

A

supraspinatus

149
Q

tennis player - rotator cuff injury, shoulder lig damaged?

A

coracoacromial lig has over years use of use damaged muscle supraspinatus tendon area

150
Q

three middle digits numb, hard to move, carpenter

A

atrophy of thenar eminence - compression of median nerve in carpal tunnel

151
Q

accident - unable to extend left wrist, finger, thumb but can extend elbow - no sensation lateral half of dorsal hand?

A

radial nerve, midhumerus

152
Q

knife fight, weak elbow flexion and supination of left hand - - expect to see what other conditions?

A

sensory loss over lateral surface of forearm - musculocutaneous nerve damaged (which allow flexion of elbow)

153
Q

lateral thoracic artery arises from what artery?

A

2nd part of axillary

154
Q

drug addict absess where shoots up - what muscles affected in

A

brachialis, supinator - all in cubital fossa

155
Q

dr asks patient to make z with hand -

A

testing deep branch of ulnar

156
Q

skin dimpling orange peel in breast cancer due to what structures?

A

suspensory ligaments

157
Q

breast cancer - if metastasize - goes to what lymph first?

A

anterior axilliary lymph level 1

then central level 2, then apical level 3

158
Q

breast cancer - if metastasize - goes to what lymph first? level 1 - 3 based upon nodes nearness to which muscle? pectoralis minor

A

anterior axilliary lymph level 1

then central level 2, then apical level 3

159
Q

what muscle spreads (abducts) fingers?

A

dorsal interosseous

160
Q

cyclist nerve compression - involve 4 5 digit

A

ulnar nerve at wrist - betw pisiform and hook, ulnar canal syndrome, guyon tunnel syndrome

161
Q

carpal tunnel harms which muscles of hand?

A

thenar - Lumbricals I, II - which are innervated by MEDIAL n.

162
Q

1 and a half muscles of Ulnar n?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitoris profundis

163
Q

Three compartments of arm?

A

Arm - musculotaneous - c5-6

Anterior Forearm - median and ulnar (1 1/2)

Posterior Forearm - radial

164
Q

Hand compartments?

A

MEDIAN N

thenar

Central (Digits 2 -3) flex MP, extend PIP, DIP

Hyperthenar

165
Q

Posterior interosseous nerve?

A

Radial - also known as the dorsal interosseous nerve, is the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve after it penetrates the supinator muscle. It carries fibers from the C7 and C8 spinal nerves, and supplies the majority of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm

166
Q

anterior interosseous nerve

A

MEDIAN- (volar interosseous nerve) is a branch of the median nerve that supplies the deep muscles on the anterior of the forearm, except the ulnar (medial) half of the flexor digitorum profundus

167
Q

thumb bite - what tendons affected?

A

flexor pollicus longus / radial bursa

168
Q

cubital fossa - what artery may be harmed during venipuncture?

A 
Brachial - contents of c fossa?
TAN - 
Tendon - biceps branchai
Artery brachial
N - Median
169
Q

if injury where can’t move 4,5 finger - likely ULNAR n involved - what muscles in forearm?

A

flexor digitorum profundis and flexor carpi ulnaris (1 and 1/2 muscles)

170
Q

recurrent branch of median supplies?

A

thenar eminance

171
Q

holding paper between fingers?

A

tests ADD - deep branch of ulnar nerves

172
Q

serratus anterior ? actions, innervation, problems?

A

abducts beyond 90, long thoracic, winging of scapula - holds medial scapula to chest wall

173
Q

Lateral winging? IATROGENIC ~

Posterior cervical triangle

A

from trapezius paralysis with injury to the spinal accessory nerve, is most likely iatrogenic from procedures involving the posterior cervical triangle.

The omohyoid muscle splits the posterior triangle of the neck into two: The larger, superior part is termed the occipital triangle. The inferior triangle is known as the subclavian triangle and contains the distal portion of the subclavian artery.

174
Q

Erb’s palsy - what part of brachial plexus?

A

upper - c5-6

175
Q

annular ligament?

A

child’s arm being jerked - or childbirth -

176
Q

Pancoast tumor?

A

thoracic outlet syndrome - lung tumor near 1st rib - scalene triangle

lower trunk compression like Klumpke’s

177
Q

two common injuries to axil nerve?

A

fracture neck of humerus, anterior dislocation of humerus

178
Q

pitching injury? Pitch in the INfield

A

infraspinatous m - suprrasca n

179
Q

putting dislocated shoulder back in?

A

be careful re axillary nerve

anterior dislocation common -

posterior very diff to do - electricity, seizure

180
Q

only intrinsic m on dorsum of foot?

A

extensor digitorum brevis

181
Q

scapula is formed by which type of mesoderm?

A

somatic lateral plate gives rise to bones, cartialge

muscles - somitic meso

axial mesoderm - notochord

splanchnic lateral plate forms smooth muscle and CT of viscera

muscles -

182
Q

When are muscles most powerful?

A

when stretched

sarcomeres at optimum tension producing length

183
Q

radial nerve palsy shows what in hands?

A

inability to extend MP joints

184
Q

What muscle can entrap posterior interosseus (radial) nerve?

A

supinator

185
Q

what vessel at risk with displaced clavicular fracture?

A

subclavian vein

186
Q

colles fracture always breaks which bone?

A

radius, sometimes ulna

187
Q

which bone in wrist is often dislocated?

A

lunate

188
Q

flexor retinaculum stretches between?

A

scapoid and trapezium to PISIFORM

189
Q

sesamoid bones near thumb w/ what muscle?

A

flexor polliscis brevis

190
Q

older women falls?

CERVICAL femoral neck

A

femoral neck - w compression if can still walk if not - complete displacement

191
Q

flexion of thigh comes from PSOAS - so if gluteal, hip injury?

A

flexion of thigh will be least affected -

if blood supply cut off from gluteal area - quzds will still get blood

192
Q

hip displacement often puts at risk what nerve?

A

sciatic

193
Q

anterior compartment of leg, what N?

A

deep fibular

194
Q

Jones fracture - 5th metatarsal in foot broken, what M?

A

fibularis peroneus brevis - protator and everter

195
Q

dorsum of foot no sense?

A

common fibular

all muscle in ANTERIO and LATERAL compatments of LEG - and sensory innervatin to dorsum of foot

196
Q

purse in dodrsalis pedis artery palpated where?

A

bewteen Extensor HALLUCIS and digitorum

CCDB (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions