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CCDB > anatomy block 3 BACK > Flashcards

anatomy block 3 BACK Flashcards

1
Q

back regions -

A

vertebral
scapular
interscapular

surpascapular
deltoid
lateral pectoral

infrascapular
superior and inferior lumbar trialngles
sacral region

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2
Q

superior and inferior lumbar trialngles

A

two areas of herniation -

grynfeitt lesshaft

petits

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3
Q

buttock regions - 3

A

gluteal, intergluteal, anal

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4
Q

four curvatures of back

A

PRIMARY _ in utero - thoracic, sacral
both CONCAVE

SECONDARY - convex

cervical - baby lifting head

lumbar baby begin to stand

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5
Q

4 abnormal curvatures - lordosis?

A

butt sticks out - swayback - pregnant

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6
Q

kyphosis

kyphoscoliosis

A

hump

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7
Q

scoliosis

A

S shape - most common 0.5%

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8
Q

vertebral joints -

atlanto occiptital

A

Head and atlas - nodding

synovial joint

A synovial joint, also known as diarthrosis, joins bones with a fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the joined bones, constitutes the outer boundary of a synovial cavity, and surrounds the bones’ articulating surfaces. The synovial cavity/joint is filled with synovial fluid.

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9
Q

atlanto axial -

A

atlas and axis - ROTATION

3 joints - synovial -

Dens - anterior Arch Atlas

1st cervical vertebra and the superior articular
facets of the 2nd cervical vertebra.

One is found between the dens (odontoid process) of the axis (2nd cervical vertebra) and the anterior arch
of the atlas (1st cervical vertebra), and two are located between the lateral masses of the

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10
Q

occipital condyles?

A

each of two rounded knobs on the occipital bone that form a joint with the first cervical vertebra.

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11
Q

zygapophysial joint?

A

facet joint

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12
Q

transverse foramen ?

A

provide a passageway by which the vertebral artery, vein and sympathetic nerves can pass.

EXC 7

transverse foramen. : a foramen in each transverse process of a cervical vertebra through which the vertebral artery and vertebral vein pass in each cervical vertebra except the seventh.

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13
Q

vertebral joints? - 5 taught

A

atlanto-occipital

atlanto axial

intervertebral sinovial -

intervertebral cartilaginous

sacral -
art with hip bones and 5th lumbar
sacrococcygeal joint (coccyx and sacrum)

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14
Q

atlanto axial joint ligaments? Rotates

A

apical (apex of odontoid to foraman magnum

alar - limits rotation

cruz - rotates

anterior/posterio longit - runs down vertebral column = all of vertebral bodies and discs

posterior within vertebral canal - along posterior surfaces of vertebral bodies from c2 to sacram

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15
Q

tectorial membrane

A

from atlanto axial to occipital - continues posterior longit lig - The tectorial membrane is the thin superior continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament from the body of the axis. It joins the axis body to the clivus on the anterior half of the foramen magnum, and ascends as high as the spheno-occipital synchondrosis and laterally extends to the hypoglossal canal.

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16
Q

Ligamentum flavum ?

A

Connect LAMINAE of adjacent vertebrae
starting from the axis (C2) vertebra to first segment of sacrum;
-They are best seen from the interior of the vertebral canal
-Their elasticity serves to preserve the upright posture,
and to assist the vertebral column in resuming it after
flexion.; -The elastin prevents buckling of the ligament
into the spinal canal during extension, which would
cause canal compression.

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17
Q

intrinsic back -

A

three layers -

superficial (splenius m - neck)

intermediate - erector spinae m (though spine)

deep - trasnversospinales - fill spaces betwe transverse processes and spinous processes

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18
Q

True vs false back muscles?

A

The deep back muscles are a group of skeletal muscles located within the deepest part of the dorsal trunk, closest to the spine. They are sometimes referred to as the intrinsic back muscles or true back muscles as they control the movement and posture of the vertebral column.

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19
Q

true back m. innervated by?

A

dorsal rami

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20
Q

spondylolisthesis - spondylosis
spondylitis?

???

A

spondylolisthesis -

forward vert slip - usually 5th lumbar to sacrum body or L4 to L5

pain re nerves, sciatica, muscle tightnesse, shortened trunk, etc

spondylosis

degenerative osteoarthritis

spondylitis?

Inflamation of vert - if ankylosing spondylitis - rheumatoid - bones can grow together - deform, bamboo spine, limit motion -

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21
Q

what causes kyphosis? SHEUERMANN’s Disease

A

juvenile kyphosis - failure of thoracic vertebrae ant and post growing at same time.

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22
Q

Potts Tuberculosis Disease?

A

tuberculosis of spine - often cause kyphosis, usually in thoracic portion

soft/collapse of vert

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23
Q

Spina Bifida? - various types - less severe to severe

A

defective closure of verebral arch - folic acid - various types, from not serious to severe

baby should be delivered via C section

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24
Q

parts of vertabrae?

A

body - takes weight

arch - paired pedicles laterally and paired laminae posteriorly

laminae

pedicles

foramen

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25
Q

processes of vertebral arch?

A

spinous - projects post

bifid cerv
spine like in thorac
oblong lumbar

transverse - lateral projection to ribs 1 - 10 in thoracic region

have formina in cervical region (for 2x arteries, vein)

articular (facets)
two superior, two inferior
form plane synovial joints above and below

mamillary - tubercles on superior articular processes of lumbar

accessory - project backward from based of transverse process and off of mamillary process of lumbar

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26
Q

Foramina?

A

vertebral - passage of vertebral canal

intervertebral - between inferior and superior surfaces of pedicles - transmit SPINAL nerves and accompanying vessels as exit canal

transverse - at cervical vert except c7

transmit vert artery, veins, and autonomic nerves

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27
Q

Klippel-Feil syndrome - SHORT NECK

A

congenital defense - short neck, missing cervical vert or fused -

limited motion, low hairline

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28
Q

Whiplash? ? anterior or posterior lig usually out?

A

often c4-c5

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29
Q

intervertebral discs? where not found?

A

between atlas and axis

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30
Q

what made of?

A

nucleus pulposus w/ surrounding annulus fibrosus

cartilaginous joint

1/4 of length of column

shock absorber

avascular but for perifery - adj blood vessels supply

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31
Q

Nucleus pulposus?

A

remnant of notochord -

reticular and collag fibers in mucoid

may herniate thru annulus fibrosus - impinging nerve

shock absorber

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32
Q

annulus fibrosus?

A

concentric layers of fibrous tissue and fibrocartilage -

binds vert column together - retains nucleus , permits limited movement, shock abosorber

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33
Q

herniated (slipped) disc?

A

protusion of nucleus pulposus into foramen or canal - compressing spinal nerve root

often occur where posterior longit ligmanet not reinforce -

often lumbar region

hernia at L4-L5 - most likely damage 5th lumbar nerve root, not 4th, re oblique descending nerve roots

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34
Q

sciatica?

A

lower back/hip radiating pain in butt, lower limb - most common cause herniated lower disc - compressting/irritating roots

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35
Q

upper vert characterisitics?

A

C1 - supports head, nod, , atlas - no body, no spine -

c2 - DENS allows head pivot - supported by various other lig - alar, cruciform, apical, and tectorical membrane

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36
Q

Hangman’s fracture ?

A

cruciform lig torn - spinal column crushed. also see in car accidents.

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37
Q

c 3 - 6 normal (with transverse foramen ) with bifed process - but what about c7?

A

vertebra prominens - long spinous process - not bifid

visible protrusion -
numerous attachements here -
lig nuchae, supraspinous lig, etc.

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38
Q

Thoracic vert?

Lumbar?

A

line up with ribs - like puzzle pieces - connecting up and down

ID by large bodies - 5th largest - weight? -

have mamillary and accessory processes

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39
Q

sacrum?

A

5 fused sacral verts - four pairs of foramina -

ventral and dorsal rami exit

stabilizes pelvis -

Promonitory, ala, medianl sacral crest, sacral hiatus, and horn

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40
Q

Coccyx?

A

wedge shapped, four coccy vert

coccygeus and levator ani muscles attach

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41
Q

lIgaments of vert?

A

anterior longit - from skull to sacrum, anterior surface of vert bodies and interertebral disks -

narrowest at top, widents supports annulus firbrosus anteriorilty

limits extension

POSTERIO - narrows at descends - in canal, limits flexion

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42
Q

lig Flavum?

A

connects laminae of two adj vert and maintain posture

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43
Q

lig nuchae (back of neck?) and others?

A

triangular septum betwe muscles

c7 - occipital protuberance and crest

also attach to posterior tubercle of atlast and spinouse processes of other cervical vert

there are some other ligs too - interspinous, intertrasnverse, supraspinouse

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44
Q

vertebral venous system?

A

Internal and external vert

no valves

internal - epidural space

more in book not included here.

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45
Q

soft tissues of back - triangles and fascis?

A

triangle of ausculatation - where breathing can be heard on back-

lumbar triangle (of PETIT) - abdominal hernias

Thoracoumbar fascias (lumbodorsal fascia)

The thoracolumbar fascia (lumbodorsal fascia) is a deep investing membrane which covers the deep muscles of the back of the trunk. in the cervical region, it passes in front of the Serratus posterior superior and is continuous with a similar investing layer on the back of the neck—the nuchal fascia.

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46
Q

superficial - extrinsic muscles?

A

trapezius

stabilize and move the scapula. The upper fibers can elevate and upwardly rotate the scapula and extend the neck. The middle fibers adduct (retract) the scapula

levator scapulae

When the spine is fixed, levator scapulae elevates the scapula and rotates its inferior angle medially. It often works in combination with other muscles like the rhomboids and pectoralis minor to rotate down

rhomboid - minor, major

A rhomboid muscle strain or spasm is usually caused by overuse of the shoulder and arm, especially during repetitive overhead activities like serving a tennis ball or reaching to put objects on a high shelf.

latissimus dorsi

Latissimus dorsi works collaboratively with the teres major and pectoralis major to perform actions of the upper extremity. Together, these muscles will work to adduct, medially rotate and extend the arm at the glenohumeral joint

serratus posterior - superior, inferior

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47
Q

What are true back muscles?

A

The deep back muscles are a group of skeletal muscles located within the deepest part of the dorsal trunk, closest to the spine. They are sometimes referred to as the intrinsic back muscles or true back muscles as they control the movement and posture of the vertebral column.

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48
Q

Deep Intrinsic muscles?

A

SUPERFICIAL LAYER - spinotransverse
splenius capitis and cervicis

_ extend, rotate, flex head -

dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves

INTERMEDIATE LAYER
extend rotate and flex vert column and head -
dorsal rami of spinal nerves

DEEP LAYER -
extend, roate head, neck , trunk -

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

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49
Q

subocciptal area? suboccipital triangle?

A

contains vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve and vessels

50
Q

suboccipital nerve?

A

from dorsal ramus of c1 - betwe vert artery and posterior arch of atlas below

51
Q

Dermatomes

A

neurons are pseudounipolar - reside in single dorsal root ganglion - assoc with specific spinal cord level

region of skin innervated by somatic sensory nerve axons

52
Q

what type of cartilage gives tensile strength to intervert disc?

A

fibrous - type 1 collagen

53
Q

spina bifida oculta?

A

mildest form, might not even know it - hair grows over - or dimple or birthmark

54
Q

sensory receptors of skin come from where?

A

Posterior dorsal (primary) rami

55
Q

whiplash- what ligament is often damages?

A

anterior longitudinal - it gives protection, but can’t always win.

56
Q

ALS lou gehrig’s disease - degenerating motor neurons in voluntary muscles - where see this in cell bodies of neurons?

A

Anterior (ventral) grey horn of spinal column

Lateral grey - sympathetic

57
Q

Boundaries of ausculation triangle _ to hear breathing?

A

Trapezius, scapula, latissimas dorsi

58
Q

paraplegia vs quad?

A

if spinal cord transected at T9 - patient will be paraplegic - incontinence, etc - from neck down give you quad / T9 was just a test Q and not a significant location-

59
Q

rhizotomy?

A

operation several problematic nerves - to relieve pain, spasm, etc - pain in left forearm - relieve pain via posterior dorsal primary rami - - where afferent info arrives

60
Q

scapular winging? what nerve?

A

long throracic - nerve is superficial on lateral thoracic wall, superficial to serratus anterior - not in a muscle - easy to damage,

takes weeks to develop - because trapezium muscle must stretch

deltoid problem? axillary n

medial rotation of arm? thoracodorsal n

weak elevating, retracting scapula? dorsal scap n

weak extend, rotate head? suocciptital n

61
Q

older person, loss of leg sensation, xray shows spurs narrowing iv foramina at t12 - L3
what likely to be impinged

A

spinal ganglia

primary rami are not in IF foramina,

62
Q

headless scottie dog injury ?

A

spondylolisis

Most believe it is due to a genetic weakness of the pars interarticularis. Both spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis can be present at birth or occur through injury. Repeated stress fractures caused by hyperextension of the back (as in gymnastics and football) and traumatic fractures are also causes.

63
Q

ankylosing spondylitis?

A

arthritis of spine

64
Q

medullary cone?

A

where spinal cord ends - lumbar puncture below.

65
Q

fall - lands on feet?

A

burst injury

66
Q

exercising, posterolateral herniation of c5 -6 - where does hernia impinge?

A

c6 spinal nerve root - NOT posterior rami (outside cord)

N+ 1 - C6

in cervical area - nerves come out above. 8 pairs of nerves, 7 vert,

In lumbar formular works too even tho nerves come below bec of acute angle.

most common hernias at C4 c5 and L4-5

67
Q

car accident - head hits with rotation - steering wheel -

Steele’s Rule of 1/3s

A

Dens axis (odontoid fracture) type II most common - 60%

Steele’s rule of 1/3s -

Steel’s rule of thirds states that the area inside the atlas is equally occupied in thirds by the dens, spinal cord, and space. … This accounts for the low incidence of spinal cord injuries associated with C1 and C2 fractures,

68
Q

car accident, torn posterior primary rami of c1 -6 - what muscles paralyzed?

A

splenius capitus- neck muscles

69
Q

elder, 4th, 5th finger tingle, worse when look up, degenerating cervical vert ?

A

in this xray - cervical spinal stenosis

typically seen in elders, disc degeneration, may lack CSF

70
Q

gymnast pulling straight up, as in doing a chin up, what muscle?

A

Lats

71
Q

shingles, here see band across near umbilical - what ganglion affected

A

T10 - umbilicus -

shingles most often affects sensory ganglion - not autonomic.

here shingles appears in the dermatome

72
Q

Lseque’s sign? Positive straight leg raising sign?

A

patient lies down, flex hip by raising staightened leg increases pain in back with raidation down left leg. do leg on side of pain - if do other side, won’t work.

73
Q

clothes line injury on ATV -

“hangman’s fracture”

A

Traumatic spondilolisis in c2, - means dfect in pars interarticularis

The pars interarticularis means the “part between the articulations” and is the bony bridge that joins these two upper and lower facets

spondilolisthesis - anterior displacement of vert in relation to vert below

74
Q

jefferson burst fracture of c1?

A

often occurs when hit on top of head with something heavy - fractures anterior and /or posterior arches of atlas

75
Q

Den’s fracture?

A

will likely have at least slight rotation with excessive extension and/or flexion

76
Q

atlanto-axial subluxation - ?

A

possible death - quadriplegia, - losing integrity of transverse ligament of atlas, which holds dens in place - compresses cervical spinal cord, frequent in downs

77
Q

What causes a hangman’s fracture?

spondilolisis in c2

A

head is snapped up and back with great force, which is known as a hyperextension injury. The most common causes of this injury are falls and car accidents. Some sports injuries or collisions can also cause this fracture.

78
Q

epidural anasthesia? ligamentum flavum?

A

One of a series of bands of elastic tissue that runs between the lamina from the axis to the sacrum, the ligamentum flavum connects the laminae and fuses with the facet joint capsules. These bands serve as a covering over the spinal canal.

79
Q

Epidural Placement layers?

A

The needle must pass through five distinct tissue layers: Skin, subcutaneous fat, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, and ligamentum flavum. The epidural space is then encountered and the clinician must stop the advancement of the needle before it penetrates the dural sheath

Will often hear POP.

80
Q

Spina bifida Memingomyelocele?

A

most common form of SB cystica, unfused portion of vert column allows meninges and spinal cord to protrude

may result in paralysis and losso f sensation below level of spinal cord defect

cystica has to do with cyst like SAC -

81
Q

elevated AFP in amniotic fluid?

A

strongly asso w/ severe spina bifida -

82
Q

piano moving injury - left L3 spinal nerve compressed - which is most likely cause of condition?

A

L3 and L4 pedicles compressed together

Note PEDICLES are compressed - tricky Q re laminae, spinous process - it is the pedicles squishing nerve

83
Q

Adolescent idiopathic Scoliosis onset age?

A

10 - 18 years - no known cause, if deviation less thatn 20 degrees no treatment requird

84
Q

posterolateral herniation L4-5 what nerves may be impinged?

A

spinal nerves - disrupts posterior longitudinal lig and extends into vert canal -
90 % of injuries at L4-5, or L5 - s1.

Remember N+1 - # disc + 1 = # of spinal route contacted

Here L5 - S1 - impinges S1

85
Q

burst injury at L1, plus medullary cone injury with bone fractures - what spinal cord seg would most likely be injured?

A

choices - T7, T9, T11, L2, S2

S2.

86
Q

Petit’s Inferior lumbar triangle

and grynfeltt lesshaft superior lumbar triangle?

A

iliac crest interiorily, lats, ext abdominal oblique (above butt cheek to the lateral side

GrYN - (superior lumbar)

87
Q

Petit’s Inferior lumbar triangle

and grynfeltt lesshaft superior lumbar triangle?

two sites for hernias

A

iliac crest interiorily, lats, ext abdominal oblique (above butt cheek to the lateral side - floor internal abdominal oblique

GrYN - (superior lumbar) - 12th rib superiorly, internatl abd oblique, quadratus lumborum roof external abdominal - floor transversalis fascia

88
Q

arterial supply of back?

A

Spinal cord is supplied by branches of the: major cervical and segmental arteries:

Vertebral and ascending cervical arteries in the neck (from subclavian arteries).

Posterior intercostal arteries (from thoracic aorta) in the thoracic region.

Subcostal and lumbar (from abdominal aorta) arteries in the abdomen.

Iliolumbar and lateral (from internal iliac arteries) and medial sacral arteries in the pelvis.

89
Q

blood supply to vertebral column?

A

The main blood supply to the spinal cord is via the single anterior spinal artery (ASA) and the two posterior spinal arteries (PSA). The anterior spinal artery is formed by the vertebral arteries which originate from the first part of the subclavian artery.

90
Q

venous drainage of the back?

A

Spinal veins form venous plexuses along the vertebral column both inside and outside the vertebral canal (internal vertebral venous plexus and external vertebral venous plexus).
These plexuses communicate through the intervertebral foramina.
Basivertebral veins form within the vertebral bodies and drain into the anterior external and the anterior internal vertebral venous plexuses.

91
Q

major connecting veins in back?

A

Superior vena cava in the cervical region; Azygos venous system in the thoracic region; Inferior vena cava in the lumbar and sacral regions

Intervertebral veins receive veins from the spinal cord (radicular/medullary segmental veins; anterior and posterior spinal veins) and vertebral venous plexuses as they accompany the spinal nerves through the intervertebral foramina to drain into the vertebral veins of the neck and segmental (intercostal, lumbar, and sacral) veins of the trunk.

92
Q

Lymph drainage in back?

A

The deep lymph vessels follow the veins and drain into the deep cervical, posterior mediastinal, lateral aortic, and sacral nodes.

The lymph vessels from the skin of the neck drain into the lymph nodes of the neck

Those from the trunk above the iliac crests drain into the axillary nodes

Those from below the level of the iliac crests drain into the superficial inguinal nodes

93
Q

nerve supply of back?

A

The skin and muscles of the back are supplied in a segmental manner by the posterior (dorsal) rami of the 31 pairs of spinal nerves

The posterior rami of the first, sixth, seventh, and eighth cervical nerves and the fourth and fifth lumbar nerves supply the deep muscles of the back and do not supply the skin

The posterior ramus of the second cervical nerve (the greater occipital nerve) ascends over the back of the head and supplies the skin of the scalp

The zygapophysial joints are innervated by articular branches of the posterior rami
The vertebral column is innervated by recurrent meningeal branches of the spinal nerves arising before division of spinal nerve into anterior and posterior rami, or from the anterior ramus immediately after its formation.

94
Q

lumbar puncture?

A

The patient is made to lie on the side with the back and hips flexed (knee-chest position).
Flexion of the vertebral column facilitates insertion of the needle by spreading apart the vertebral laminae and spinous processes, stretching the ligamenta flava.
Lumbar puncture needle is inserted in the midline between the spinous processes of the L3 and L4 (or L4 and L5) vertebrae. At these levels, there is no danger of damaging the spinal cord.
After passing 4–6 cm in adults (more in obese persons), the needle “pops” through the ligamentun flavum, then punctures the dura and arachnoid and enters the subarachnoid space.
Normally, CSF escapes at the rate of approximately one drop per second. If intracranial pressure is high, CSF flows out or escapes as a jet.

95
Q

two methods of spinal anasthesia?

A

Spinal anesthesia - An anesthetic agent is injected into the subarachnoid space. A needle is introduced at the L3–L4 vertebral level. This produces complete anesthesia inferior to approximately the waist level.

Epidural anesthesia (Blocks) 
An anesthetic agent is injected into the epidural space in the sacral canal, or using the position for lumbar spinal puncture.
Within the sacral canal, the anesthesia bathes the S2–S4 spinal nerve roots, including the pain fibers from pelvic organs and and the afferent fibers from the pudendal nerve (perineum).

Both of techniques may be used in case of anesthesia for childbirth

96
Q

embyronic epimere?

A

deep back muscles - epimere develops dorsally, hypomere develops?

each somite becomes myotome, dermatome, schleretome

97
Q

sensory receptors of skin come from what rami?

A

posterior (Dorsal) primary rami - little vessel outside of spinal column, branching off of main looking branch (anterior primary rami)

98
Q

elder, gibbus deformity in back? hurts to walk around, curviture of thoracic area?

A

kyphosis

99
Q

crush fracture in vertebrae typically involves what part of vert?

A

vertebral bodies

100
Q

what does ligamentum flavum connect

A

lamina of two adjacent vert

101
Q

medial dorsal scapula injury retracting laterally - what nerve?

A

dorsal scapula innervates rhomboids

102
Q

herpes zoster in what part of nervouse system?

A

dorsal root ganglia of sensory nerves

103
Q

latisimus dorsi innervated by

A

thoracodorsal nerve - one of three major muscles that adducts and medially rotates humerus

spinal accessory innervates traps

dorsal scapular innervates scapula

104
Q

in cervical region, what lig helps protect vert from direct compression

A

posterior longitudinal

105
Q

raynaud’s disease - nerve operation?

A

operate on sympathetics - lower cervical, upper thoracic -

106
Q

bony growths in cervical spine c 2, c3 - what may they impact

A

phrenic c3 -5 - diaphragm

107
Q

shoulder droop?

A

spinal accessory nerve - CN XI

108
Q

transverse ligament of axis?

A

CRITICAL if torn - holds dens in place - quadriplegic danger

109
Q

neck flexion?

A

could be sternoicleidomastoid muscle

110
Q

key ligament in c 1, c2?

A

cruciform - stabilizes c1/2 - attaches to pedicles and helps anchor dens in situ

and transverse also key -

111
Q

reflexes

A

S1-S2 — “buckle my shoe” (Achilles reflex)
L2-L4 — “kick the door” (patellar reflex)
C5-C6 — “pick up sticks” (biceps reflex)
C7-C8 — “lay them straight” (triceps reflex)

Other reflexes include:
L1-L2 — “testicles move” (cremaster reflex)
S3-S4 — “winks galore” (anal wink reflex)

112
Q

cervical rib? 7th

A

extra rib- 1/500

A cervical rib in humans is an extra rib which arises from the seventh cervical vertebra. Their presence is a congenital abnormality located above the normal first rib. A cervical rib is estimated to occur in 0.2% (1 in 500 people) to 0.5% of the population

113
Q

What are the symptoms of cervical rib?

A

pain in your neck and shoulder, which spreads into your arm – this may be constant or come and go. temporary loss of feeling, weakness or tingling in the affected arm and fingers. temporary inability to carry out fine hand movements – such as doing up buttons.

114
Q

Where is the cervical rib?

A

Cervical rib: A cervical rib is an extra rib that grows from the cervical spine — the neck part of the spine. Between 1 and 3 percent of the population has a cervical rib, which may grow on one side or both, and may reach down to attach to the first rib or may not be fully formed

115
Q

Scalene triangle?

A

Cervical ribs lie in the plane of the middle scalene muscle and make the scalene triangle narrower than in normal individuals. Most people with cervical ribs are asymptomatic, but an increased prevalence of cervical ribs has been noted in patients with TOS (4,11,12)

The scalene triangle (also known as the interscalene triangle) is located laterally at the root of the neck and is the space through which the roots and trunks of the brachial plexus and the third part of the subclavian artery exit the neck.

116
Q

erb palsy?

A

baby delivery- c5-6, upper trunk of brachial plexus

117
Q

OK gesture?

A

generated by ulnar nerve when trying to make a fist - can’t moves 4 and 5

118
Q

accessory nerve?

A

trapezius - arm ABD probl >90

119
Q

pitching injury?

A

infraspinatous muscle - innervated by suprascapular

120
Q

erb’s palsy - ERB gets DIBS on tips

A

deltoid, infraspinous, brachaei -

121
Q

3 nerves damaged if humerus breaks?

A

follow the ARM - axillary, radial, median

CCDB (13 decks)

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