Anatomy Review Q's (The Back) Flashcards
anatomy of spine 1 (1-44)
What’s this opening called?
vertebral foramen
What’s this opening called?
intervertebral foramen
How much of the vertebral column height is achieved by the discs?
a fourth; 25%
Lumbosacral angle is normally
a. 110
b. 130
c. 170
d. 227
b. 130
(130-160 is normal)
Where is the concentric lamellae thicker?
a. anteriorly
b. posteriorly
a. anteriorly
What kind of joints are zygapophysial joints?
synovial plane joints
Organize the kind of vertebrae from most movable to least movable
a. cervical-> thoracic-> lumbar-> sacral and coccyx
b. sacral-> thoracic-> cervical-> lumbar and coccyx
c. cervical-> lumbar-> thoracic-> sacral and coccyx
d. lumbar-> cervical-> thoracic-> sacral and coccyx
c. cervical-> lumbar-> thoracic-> sacral and coccyx
What’s derived from the notochord?
a. concentric lamellae
b. annulus fibrosis
c. nucleus pulposus
c. nucleus pulposus
Which of the following has a perforated transverse process?
a. cervical vertebra
b. lumbar vertebra
c. thoracic vertebra
a. cervical vertebra
Which of the following kidney-shaped body?
a. cervical vertebra
b. lumbar vertebra
c. thoracic vertebra
b. lumbar vertebra
Which of the following bifid spinous?
a. cervical vertebra
b. lumbar vertebra
c. thoracic vertebra
a. cervical vertebra
Which of the following circular vertebral foramen?
a. cervical vertebra
b. lumbar vertebra
c. thoracic vertebra
c. thoracic vertebra
T/F: there are discs between all vertebrae
False, the area between C1 and C2 doesn’t have a disc
What’s the arterial supply to the nucleus pulposus?
its avascular!
Describe the changes in the intervertebral joint as age increases
lose water (dehydrate)
lose elastin
lose proteoglycans
gain collagen
Which trabeculae takes more weight?
a. vertical
b. horizontal
b. horizontal
Which trabeculae is found in the xray of osteoporosis patients?
a. vertical
b. horizontal
a. vertical
What happens to the vertebral body in osteoporosis?
a. becomes more concave
b. becomes more convex
a. becomes more concave
Describe the hyaline cartilage endplate Xray in a patient with osteoporosis
more prominent (looks more white and less opaque)
You see a vertebra with articular facets pointing posteriorly and anteriorly. What type of vertebra is it?
a. cervical
b. thoracic
c. lumbar
b. thoracic
Which of the following rectangular-shaped body with a concave superior surfaces?
a. cervical vertebra
b. lumbar vertebra
c. thoracic vertebra
a. cervical vertebra
What hold the dens in place?
transverse ligament
Which of the following heart-shaped body?
a. cervical vertebra
b. lumbar vertebra
c. thoracic vertebra
c. thoracic vertebra
T/F: the vertebral artery does through the transverse process of all 7 cervical vertebra
false, it doesn’t go through C7
What three structures make up the vertebral arch?
lamina
pedicle
spinous process
You see a vertebra with articular facets pointing laterally and medially. What type of vertebra is it?
a. cervical
b. thoracic
c. lumbar
c. lumbar
What branches to become the vertebral artery?
basilar artery
Which of the following stages of vertebral dislocation can cause spinal cord injury?
a. stage 1
b. stage 2
c. stage 3
d. stage 4
d. stage 4 (AKA spondylolisthesis)
the spinal cord isn’t usually injured (because of the large vertebral canal) unless its a severe injury
The intervertebral disc between C3 and C4 got prolapsed. Which cranial nerve is affected?
C4
Which is described as the hyperextension of the head over the neck?
a. Jefferson fracture
b. Hangman’s fracture
c. Whiplash
b. Hangman’s fracture
Which occurs if someone decided to carry 100kg on his head?
a. Jefferson fracture
b. Hangman’s fracture
c. Whiplash
a. Jefferson fracture
(vertical forces exerting on head)
Other than though dislocation, how does the spinal cord get injured?
when the transverse ligament ruptures
Which is described as the hyperextension of the head and neck?
a. Jefferson fracture
b. Hangman’s fracture
c. Whiplash
c. Whiplash
Whats the only ligament preventing extension of the back?
a. anterior longitudinal ligament
b. posterior longitudinal ligament
c. inter-transverse ligament
d. supraspinatus ligament
a. anterior longitudinal ligament
What’s the most common cervical vertebrae injury?
vertebral arch of axis injury
Which vertebra has the smallest foramen due to the pedicle joining with the vertebral body?
L5
osteophytes growing at vertebral facet joints are called
a. spondylosis
b. osteoarthrosis
b. osteoarthrosis
osteophytes growing at the margins of the vertebral bodies are called
a. spondylosis
b. osteoarthrosis
a. spondylosis
Why do most herniations of the IVD occur posterolaterally instead of just posteriorly?
because of the PLL (posterior longitudinal ligament)
What innervated the facet joints?
innervated by medial branches of the posterior ramus of two adjacent spinal nerves
What extends from lamina to lamina?
a. nuchal ligament
b. ligamenta flava
c. inter-transverse ligament
d. supraspinatus ligament
e. inter-spinous ligament
b. ligamenta flava
Which of the following is a pivot joint
a. Medial Atlanto-axial joint
b. Lateral Atlanto-axial joints
c. Atlanto-occipital joints
a. Medial Atlanto-axial joint
Which of the following is a synovial condylar joint?
a. Medial Atlanto-axial joint
b. Lateral Atlanto-axial joints
c. Atlanto-occipital joints
c. Atlanto-occipital joints
Which of the following limits the “no” movement?
a. Alar Ligament
b. Superior Long band
c. Inferior Long band
d. Transverse ligament
a. Alar Ligament
Which of the following are due to a variation in the length of the intervertebral discs?
a. primary curvatures of spine
b. secondary curvatures of spine
c. scoliosis
b. secondary curvatures of spine
Excessive kyphosis is called
a. hollow back
b. humpback
b. humpback
What helps the cervical region has a bigger range of movement?
a. the muscles of the neck
b. the slenderness of the neck
b. the slenderness of the neck
(the more narrow, the larger the range of movement)
What causes the primary curvature of the spine to form?
the height of the vertebral body anteriorly is shorter than posteriorly
Which is concave anteriorly?
a. cervical
b. thoracic
c. lumbar
b. thoracic
Which nerves are usually compressed in sciatica?
S5/L1
Why does sciatica often occur in the lumbar region?
the intervertebral foramina are smaller, and the diameter of the spinal nerve is larger
The intervertebral disc between L4 and L5 got prolapsed. Which cranial nerve is affected?
L4
Which of the following supply the transverse process?
a. periosteal branches
b. equatorial branches
c. spinal branches
d. nutrient branches
a. periosteal branches
Vertebra in the thoracic region gets supplied by branched of which artery?
intercostal artery
Which of the following run perpendicularly to supply the body of the vertebra?
a. periosteal branches
b. equatorial branches
c. spinal branches
d. nutrient branches
b. equatorial branches
Which of the following supply the connective tissue surrounding the vertebra?
a. periosteal branches
b. equatorial branches
c. spinal branches
d. nutrient branches
a. periosteal branches (supplies the periosteum)
Which of the following goes through the intervertebral foramen to the vertebral canal?
a. periosteal branches
b. equatorial branches
c. spinal branches
d. nutrient branches
c. spinal branches
Which of the following connects to form the arterial circle around the spinal cord?
a. periosteal branches
b. equatorial branches
c. spinal branches
d. nutrient branches
c. spinal branches
Which of the following supplies blood to the spinal cord and the meninges covering it?
a. periosteal branches
b. equatorial branches
c. spinal branches
d. nutrient branches
c. spinal branches
How does a tumor in the liver or thyroid make its way into the vertebral column?
it travels through the veinous plexus
Which nerve comes from the trunk of the spinal nerves?
recurrent meningeal branches (of Luschka)
Most of the vertebral column is innervated by __X__, except the facet joints are innervated by the ___Y___
X= recurrent branches of Luschka
Y= medial branch of the posterior rami of two adjacent spinal nerves
Why are Latissimus dorsi and Levator scapulae Innervated by anterior rami of spinal nerves?
The developmentally belong to the ventral side
Which muscles are used to go from an extended position to a neutral position (flexion)?
rectus abdominis and psoas major
injury to ligaments in the back indicate
a. back strain
b. back sprain
b. back sprain
injury to muscles in the back indicate
a. back strain
b. back sprain
a. back strain
