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MSK - 3rd year > Anatomy Review Q's (Lower Limbs) > Flashcards

Anatomy Review Q's (Lower Limbs) Flashcards

1
Q

Which structure is between the greater and lesser sciatic notch?

A

ischial spine

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2
Q

Where is the quadrate tubercle located?

a. intertrochanteric crest
b. intertrochanteric line

A

a. intertrochanteric crest

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3
Q

Whats the angle of inclination of the femur?

a. 120
b. 125
c. 130
d. 160

A

b. 125

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4
Q

<p>Which of the following ligaments connects the ilium and sacrum together?

a. sacrotuberous ligament
b. sacroiliac ligament
c. sacrospinous ligament
d. sacrotuberous ligament</p>

A

b. (Interosseous) sacroiliac ligament

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5
Q

<p>Which muscle covers the greater sciatic foramen?</p>

A

<p>piriformis</p>

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6
Q

<p>Which structures go through the greater sciatic foramen and above the piriformis?</p>

A

<p>superior gluteal nerve

| superior gluteal vessels</p>

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7
Q

<p>What goes through the lesser sciatic foramen?</p>

A
  • Tendon of the obturator internus muscle
  • Pudendal nerve
  • Internal pudendal vessels
  • Neve to obturator internus
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8
Q

<p>Which two muscles tilt the pelvis when walking?</p>

A

<p>gluteus medius

| gluteus minimus</p>

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9
Q

<p>Which muscle of the Gluteal Region helps with knee extension?</p>

A

<p>gluteus maximus</p>

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10
Q

<p>Which muscle of the Gluteal Region is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve?</p>

A

<p>gluteus maximus</p>

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11
Q

<p>Which muscle of the Gluteal Region helps with medial thigh rotation?</p>

A

<p>gluteus minimus</p>

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12
Q

<p>Which of the following has the sacrospinous ligament as a superior border?

a. greater sciatic foramen
b. lesser sciatic foramen</p>

A

<p>b. lesser sciatic foramen</p>

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13
Q

<p>What nerve, other than the pudendal nerve, goes through the lesser sciatic foramen?</p>

A

<p>Nerve to obturator internus</p>

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14
Q

<p>Which quadrant of the gluteal region should intramuscular injections be given?

a. superomedial
b. superolateral
c. inferomedial
d. inferolateral</p>

A

<p>b. superolateral</p>

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15
Q

<p>Which quadrant of the gluteal region does the sciatic nerve go through?

a. superomedial
b. superolateral
c. inferomedial
d. inferolateral</p>

A

<p>c. inferomedial(lower medial quadrant)</p>

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16
Q

<p>Knowing that the piriformis muscles helps in lateral rotation of the hip joint, which of the following exacerbate piriformis syndrome?

a. external hip rotation
b. internal hip rotation
c. lateral hip rotation</p>

A

<p>b. internal hip rotation</p>

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17
Q

<p>The superior gluteal artery arises from which trunk of the internal iliac artery?

a. The anterior trunk
b. The posterior trunk</p>

A

<p>b. The posterior trunk</p>

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18
Q

<p>The inferior gluteal artery arises from which trunk of the internal iliac artery?

a. The anterior trunk
b. The posterior trunk</p>

A

<p>a. The anterior trunk</p>

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19
Q

<p>What muscle of the quadriceps flexes the hip at the thigh?

a. Vastus lateralis
b. Vastus medialis
c. Vastus intermedius
d. Rectus femoris</p>

A

<p>d. Rectus femoris</p>

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20
Q

<p>What muscle is deep to the Rectus femoris?

a. Vastus lateralis
b. Vastus medialis
c. Vastus intermedius</p>

A

<p>c. Vastus intermedius</p>

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21
Q

Which THREE muscles of the anterior triangle form the floor of the femoral triangle?

a. psoas
b. vastus lateralis
c. iliacus
d. pectineus
e. sartorius

A 
a. psoas
&amp;
c. iliacus
&amp;
d. pectineus
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22
Q

<p>Which of the following emerges from the medial border of psoas major?

a. obturator nerve
b. femoral nerve
c. iliohypogastric nerve</p>

A

<p>a. obturator nerve</p>

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23
Q

<p>Which branch of the femoral nerve innervates the quadriceps muscles?

a. anterior division
b. posterior division</p>

A

<p>b. posterior division (saphenous nerve)</p>

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24
Q

<p>Which branch of the femoral nerve innervates the medial skin of the foot?

a. anterior division
b. posterior division</p>

A

<p>b. posterior division (saphenous nerve)</p>

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25

Which of the following emerges from the lateral border of psoas major? a. obturator nerve b. femoral nerve c. iliohypogastric nerve

b. femoral nerve

26

Which branch of the femoral nerve innervates the medial skin of the thigh? a. anterior division b. posterior division

a. anterior division

27

A saphenous vein stripping procedure was performed and the patient woke up with no sensation in the medial side of his lower leg. What happened?

the saphenous nerve was damaged

28

What can you use for patients with a fractured neck of femur who cannot tolerate particular analgesics?

femoral nerve block

29

Which branch of the femoral nerve innervates the pectineus muscle? a. anterior division b. posterior division

a. anterior division

30

Which muscle of the anterior compartment is called the tailors muscle? a. psoas b. vastus lateralis c. iliacus d. pectineus e. sartorius

e. sartorius

31

Which muscle of the anterior compartment adducts the thigh? a. psoas b. vastus lateralis c. iliacus d. pectineus e. sartorius

d. pectineus

32

Which branch of the femoral artery supplies the knee? a. profunda femoris b. popliteal artery c. descending genicular artery

c. descending genicular artery

33

Which two of the following are done by anterior compartment muscles? a. extend thigh b. flex thigh c. extend knee d. flex knee

b. flex thigh & c. extend knee

34

Which muscle of the medial compartment isn't fully innervated by the obturator nerve? a. gracilis b. adductor longus c. adductor brevis d. adductor magnus e. obturator externus

d. adductor magnus (half of it is innervated by the tibial part of the sciatic nerve)

35

Which muscle of the medial compartment can be used for transplants? a. gracilis b. adductor longus c. adductor brevis d. adductor magnus e. obturator externus

a. gracilis

36
Which muscle of the medial compartment doesn't adduct the femur? a. gracilis b. adductor longus c. adductor brevis d. adductor magnus e. obturator externus
e. obturator externus
37

Which muscle of the medial compartment causes riders strain? a. gracilis b. adductor longus c. adductor brevis d. adductor magnus e. obturator externus

b. adductor longus(ossified)

38

Which muscle of the medial compartment medially rotates the leg at the knee? a. gracilis b. adductor longus c. adductor brevis d. adductor magnus e. obturator externus

a. gracilis

39

Which muscle of the medial compartment is the medial border of the femoral triangle? a. gracilis b. adductor longus c. adductor brevis d. adductor magnus e. obturator externus

b. adductor longus

40

Defect in which of the following causes waddling gait? a. sciatic nerve b. femoral nerve c. obturator nerve

c. obturator nerve

41

Which part of biceps femoris is innervated by the common fibular part of the sciatic nerve? a. long head b. short head

b. short head (common fibular AKA common peroneal)

42

Which of the following is superficial? a. semitendinosus b. semimembranosus

a. semitendinosus

43

Which of the following is more latteral? a. semitendinosus b. semimembranosus c. biceps femoris

c. biceps femoris

44

Which part of biceps femoris is innervated by the tibial part of the sciatic nerve? a. long head b. short head

a. long head

45

What's the superior border of the femoral triangle?

inguinal ligament

46

What's the medial border of the femoral triangle?

adductor longus muscle

47

What's the lateral border of the femoral triangle?

sartorius muscle

48

What happens to the ischial tuberosity when an avulsion fracture occurs?

a bone fragment breaks away

49

What makes the roof of the femoral triangle?

fascia lata

50

What can you find in the mid-inguinal point

the femoral artery

51

How much of the femur head does cartilage cover? a. 1/3 b. 2/3 c. 7/8 d. all of it

b. 2/3

52

What formes the transverse ligament of acetabulum?

acetabular labrum

53

A small artery (foveolar artery) is found within the ligamentum teres femoris, what artery is it a branch of?

obturator artery

54
Where is the fibrous capsule of the hip joint thicker? a. anterosuperiorly b. posteroinferiorly
a. anterosuperiorly
55

What type of fiber is more likely to be found internally? a. longitudinal fibers b. circular fibers

b. circular fibers

56

What's false about the zona orbicularis? a. its made of circular fibers b. its known as the annular ligament c. its the same diameter as the head of femur d. its also known as the orbicular zone

c. its the same diameter as the head of femur(its has a smaller diameter than the head; it wraps around the neck of femur tightly)

57

Where is the articular capsule thicker? a. above joint b. below joint

a. above joint

58

Which ligament is the most important in reinforcing the articular cartilage? a. pubofemoral b. ischiofemoral c. iliofemoral d. transverse acetabular

c. iliofemoral

59

Which ligaments is triangle shaped? a. pubofemoral b. ischiofemoral c. iliofemoral d. transverse acetabular

a. pubofemoral

60

Which ligaments is found posteriorly? a. pubofemoral b. ischiofemoral c. iliofemoral d. transverse acetabular

b. ischiofemoral

61

Which ligaments is Y shaped? a. pubofemoral b. ischiofemoral c. iliofemoral d. transverse acetabular

c. iliofemoral

62

Which ligaments prevents abduction? a. pubofemoral b. ischiofemoral c. iliofemoral d. transverse acetabular

a. pubofemoral

63

Which of the following can be seen posteriorly? a. Medial circumflex femoral artery b. Lateral circumflex femoral artery

a. Medial circumflex femoral artery

64

Fractures of the neck of the femur most likely effects which artery? a. retinacular arteries b. foveolar artery c. obturator artery

a. retinacular arteries

65
Dislocation of the hip most likely effects which artery? a. retinacular arteries b. obturator artery
b. obturator artery
66

trochanteric and cruciate anastomosis aims to make a connections between which two arteries?

internal iliac and femoral arteries

67

When the angle of inclination is 138, which is most likely? a. normal b. coxa varus c. coxa valgus

c. coxa valgus

68

When the angle of inclination is 110, which is most likely? a. normal b. coxa varus c. coxa valgus

c. coxa valgus (120-135 is normal)

69

Which structures of the tibia connects to the iliotibial tract? a. medial condyle b. lateral condyle c. gerdy's tubercle d. medial malleolus

c. gerdy's tubercle | (lateral tubercle of the tibia)

70

Which of the following is made by the fibula? a. medial malleolus b. lateral malleolus

b. lateral malleolus ous

71

Which of the following is more distal? a. medial malleolus b. lateral malleolus

b. lateral malleolus

72

The head of fibula connects with which end of tibia? a. proximal end b. distal end

a. proximal end

73

Which end of the tibia is connected with the fibula by the anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments? a. proximal end b. distal end

b. distal end (the proximal end of the tibia connects with the fibula via anterior and posterior ligaments of the head of the fibula)

74

Which muscle goes to the groove of the talus muscle?

flexor hallucis longus

75

Which nerve supplies the cutaneous area of the back of the thigh? a. saphenous nerve b. posterior femoral nerve c. sural nerve d. superficial fibular nerve

b. posterior femoral nerve

76

Which nerve supplies the cutaneous area of the anteromedial leg? a. saphenous nerve b. posterior femoral nerve c. sural nerve d. superficial fibular nerve

a. saphenous nerve

| its the posterior division of the femoral nerve
77

Which nerve supplies the cutaneous area over the lateral malleolus? a. saphenous nerve b. posterior femoral nerve c. sural nerve d. superficial fibular nerve

c. sural nerve

78

What innervated muscles of the distal anterolateral compartment of the leg? a. deep fibular nerve b. superficial fibular nerve c. tibial nerve

b. superficial fibular nerve

79

What innervated muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg? a. deep fibular nerve b. superficial fibular nerve c. tibial nerve

c. tibial nerve

80

What innervated muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg? a. deep fibular nerve b. superficial fibular nerve c. tibial nerve

a. deep fibular nerve

81

What provides blood to the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg? a. posterior tibial artery b. fibular artery c. anterior tibial artery

b. fibular artery

82

Which action do most anterior compartment muscles (of the leg) help with? a. dorsiflexion b. eversion of foot c. plantarflexion

a. dorsiflexion

83

Which of the following anterior compartment muscles assist in the eversion of the foot? a. Tibialis anterior b. Extensor digitorum longus c. Extensor hallucis longus d. Fibularis tertius

d. Fibularis tertius

84
Which of the following anterior compartment muscles assist in holding up the medial longitudinal foot arch? a. Tibialis anterior b. Extensor digitorum longus c. Extensor hallucis longus d. Fibularis tertius
a. Tibialis anterior | and tibialis posterior
85

Which action do most lateral compartment (of leg) muscles help with? a. dorsiflexion b. eversion of foot c. plantarflexion

b. eversion of foot

86
What muscles assist in holding up the transverse foot arch? a. Fibularis muscles b. Tibialis muscles
Fibularis longus | Fibularis brevis
87
During foot drop, which muscles are NOT paralyzed? a. anterior compartment of leg muscles b. lateral compartment of leg muscles c. posterior compartment of leg muscles
c. posterior compartment of leg muscles
88
A fracture in the fibula may cause foot drop. How is this possible?

the common fibular nerve is in close proximity to the fibula, so a fibular fracture can cause damage to it

89
Which action do most posterior compartment (of leg) muscles help with? a. dorsiflexion b. eversion of foot c. plantarflexion
c. plantarflexion
90

Which of the following from the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg aid in knee flexion? a. Gastrocnemius b. Soleus c. Plantaris

a. Gastrocnemius

91
Which of the following muscles assists in holding up the medial longitudinal foot arch? a. Popliteus b. Medial part of Flexor digitorum longus c. Lateral part Flexor digitorum longus
b. Medial part of Flexor digitorum longus
92
Which of the following deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg unlocks the knee? a. Popliteus b. Flexor hallucis longus c. Flexor digitorum longus
a. Popliteus
93

Which of the following from the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg is the main propulsive force when walking? a. Gastrocnemius b. Soleus c. Plantaris

b. Soleus

94

Describe the apex of the patella? a. pointing superiorly b. pointing inferiorly

b. pointing inferiorly

95

Which femoral condyle has an oval outline? a. medial b. lateral

a. medial

96

Which of the following is found lateral to extensor hallucis longus tendon? a. Anterior tibial pulse b. Peroneal pulse c. Posterior tibial pulse d. Dorsalis Pedis pulse

d. Dorsalis Pedis pulse

97

Which of the following is found midway between the two malleoli? a. Anterior tibial pulse b. Peroneal pulse c. Posterior tibial pulse d. Dorsalis Pedis pulse

a. Anterior tibial pulse

98

Which tibial condyle has a circular outline? a. medial b. lateral

b. lateral

99
Which of the following anterior compartment muscles assist in the inversion of the foot? a. Tibialis anterior b. Extensor digitorum longus c. Extensor hallucis longus d. Fibularis tertius
a. Tibialis anterior
100
What provides blood to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg? a. posterior tibial artery b. fibular artery c. anterior tibial artery
c. anterior tibial artery
101
Which of the following reinforces the posterior capsule? a. semitendinosus tendon b. semimembranosus tendon
b. semimembranosus tendon
102
Which of the followign is the extension of the illiotibial tract? a. medial patellar retinaculum b. lateral patellar retinaculum c. superior patellar retinaculum
c. superior patellar retinaculum
103
Which of the following is found midway between the medial malleoli and the medial edge of Achilles tendon? a. Anterior tibial pulse b. Peroneal pulse c. Posterior tibial pulse d. Dorsalis Pedis pulse
c. Posterior tibial pulse
104
Which of the following is a broad flat band? a. lateral collateral ligament b. medial collateral ligament
b. medial collateral ligament
105
Which of the following is attached to the fibula? a. lateral collateral ligament b. medial collateral ligament
a. lateral collateral ligament
106
Which of the following gets crossed by the tendon of sartorius? a. lateral collateral ligament b. medial collateral ligament
b. medial collateral ligament | crossed by pes anserinus
107
Which of the following gets crossed by the tendon of bicps femoris? a. lateral collateral ligament b. medial collateral ligament
a. lateral collateral ligament
108
Which of the following runs anteriorly and medially? a. ACL b. PCL c. both d. neither
b. PCL
109
Which of the following prevents the tibia from moving posteriorly from the femur? a. ACL b. PCL c. both d. neither
b. PCL
110
Which of the following is most relaxed at 30 degrees of flexion? a. ACL b. PCL c. both d. neither
c. both
111
Which of the following runs posteriorly and medially? a. ACL b. PCL c. both d. neither
a. ACL
112
Which is tested by the varus test? a. lateral collateral ligament b. medial collateral ligament
a. lateral collateral ligament
113
When is medial roatation of the knee more significant? a. extended fully b. flexed fully c. flexed to 90 degrees d. flexed to 155 degrees
c. flexed to 90 degrees
114
Which part of vastus medialis has horizontally oriented fibers? a. proximal b. distal
b. distal
115
Which is tested by the vagus test? a. lateral collateral ligament b. medial collateral ligament
b. medial collateral ligament
116
Pes anserinus tendon is formes by what muscles?
sartorius gracilis semitendinosus
117
In the upper portion of the popliteal fossa, which is most lateral? a. popliteal vein b. popliteal artery c. tibial nerve
c. tibial nerve
118
In the lower portion of the popliteal fossa, which is most superficial? a. popliteal vein b. popliteal artery c. tibial nerve
c. tibial nerve
119
What best describes the ball of the foot? a. under the calcaneus bone b. under the medial 2 metatarsals c. under the medial 2 phalanges
b. under the medial 2 metatarsals
120
Axis of the foot is along which toe? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5
b. 2
121
Extensor digitorum brevis muscle attachs to which phalanx? a. distal b. middle c. proximal
c. proximal
122
Which nerve gives cutaneous innervation to the space between the first and second toe?
deep fibular nerve
123
Which of the following is NOT in the first layer of muscles in the sole of the feet? a. Abductor hallucis b. Abductor digiti minimi c. Flexor digitorum longus d. Flexor digitorum brevis
c. Flexor digitorum longus
124
What's the function of the plantar interosseous muscles?
Adduction
125
Which of the following is NOT in third layer of plantar foot muscles? a. Flexor hallucis brevis b. Flexor digiti minimi brevis c. Adductor hallucis d. Abductor hallucis
d. Abductor hallucis
126
The fourth lumbrical muscle and Tibialis posterior are innervated by which nerve? a. lateral planter nerve b. medial planter nerve
a. lateral planter nerve
127
Which is innervated the medial plantar nerve? a. Adductor hallucis b. Abductor digiti minimi c. Flexor digitorum longus d. Flexor digitorum brevis
d. Flexor digitorum brevis (aBductor hallucis is innervated by the median nerve, not adductor
128
Which layer of foot muscles is Quadratus plantae in? a. first b. second c. third d. fourth
b. second
129
Flexor digitorum brevis and Flexor hallucis brevis are innervated by which nerve? a. lateral planter nerve b. medial planter nerve
b. medial planter nerve
130
Whats the function of lumbrical muscles of the foot? a. flexion of the proximal phalanges b. flex the medial and distal phalanges
a. flexion of the proximal phalanges
131
What nerve in nerve runs vertically down between the 2 heads of gastrocnemius?
sural nerve
132
medial and lateral planter arteries are derived from...
Posterior tibial artery
133
medial planter nerve and lateral planter nerve are derived from...
Tibial nerve
134
Which of the following nerves cutaneously innervate the third toe? a. sural nerve b. saphenous nerve c. medial calcanel branch the tibial nerve d. medial plantar nerve e. lateral plantar nerve f. deep peroneal (fibular) nerve
d. medial plantar nerve | the choices have all the nerves that cutaneously supply the foot
135
Which of the following nerves cutaneously innervate the plantar side pinky? a. sural nerve b. saphenous nerve c. medial calcanel branch the tibial nerve d. medial plantar nerve e. lateral plantar nerve f. deep peroneal (fibular) nerve
e. lateral plantar nerve
136
Which of the following nerves cutaneously innervate the skin over the medial malleolus? a. sural nerve b. saphenous nerve c. medial calcanel branch the tibial nerve d. medial plantar nerve e. lateral plantar nerve f. deep peroneal (fibular) nerve
b. saphenous nerve
137
What nerve supplies the two muscles on the dorsal aspect of the foot? a. deep fibular nerve b. superficial fibular nerve c. medial plantar nerve d. lateral plantar nerve
a. deep fibular nerve
138
Durign which of the following is the ankle more strong? a. plantarflexion b. dorsoflexion
b. dorsoflexion
139
Eversion and inversion occur at which TWO joints? a. ankle joint b. subtalar joint c. midtarsal joint
b. subtalar joint & c. midtarsal joint
140
Which two muscles are responsible for inversion?
Tibialis anterior & posterior
141
Which three muscles are responsible for eversion?
1- Peroneus longus 2- Peroneus brevis 3- Peroneus tertius
142
Which ligaments of the foot are stronger? a. medial b. lateral
a. medial | so they're less likely to be sprained
143
sprains are usually due to a. inversion b. eversion
a. inversion
144
ankle dislocations are usually due to a. inversion b. eversion
b. eversion
145
Pott's fracture is due to forcible a. inversion b. eversion
b. eversion
146
Which TWO of the following are most frequently damaged? a. Anterior talofibular ligament b. Posterior talofibular ligament c. Tibionavicular ligament d. Tibiocalcaneal ligament e. Calcaneofibular ligament
a. Anterior talofibular ligament & e. Calcaneofibular ligament
147
The plantar fascia acts as which of the following structures? a. suspension bridges b. staples c. tie beam d. markers
c. tie beam
148
Which bone is the keystone of the medial arch?
Talus
149
Tendons acts as which of the following structures? a. suspension bridges b. staples c. tie beam d. keystone
a. suspension bridges
150
Which bone is the keystone of the lateral arch?
Cuboid
151
Which of the following is the spring ligament? a. Anterior talofibular ligament b. Posterior talofibular ligament c. Plantar calcaneonavicular d. Plantar calcaneocuboid
c. Plantar calcaneonavicular
152
Whats the main symptom of Pes Planas and why does it occur?
pain due to high pressure on the foot
153
Which short foot muscle helps actively shape the transverse arch?
adductor hallucis

MSK - 3rd year (19 decks)

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