2008 module exam Flashcards
femoral neck and head are supplied by which artery?
a. obturator
b. lateral femoral circumflex
c. medial femoral circumflex
c. medial femoral circumflex
it supplies neck of femur + two thirds of head
biceps femoris is used as a guide for locating :
Common fibular nerve
Whats the function of iliopsoas
Flexion of thigh
What goes into the quadrangular space?
axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex
Which muscles prevent the unsupported limb from dropping during single support periods of the gait cycle?
a. Hip abductors
b. B. hamstrings
a. Hip abductors
What explains the presence of the primary curvatures of the vertebral column?
Thinner anterior part of the vertebral body
In which vein does the small saphenous vein empty?
The popliteal vein
patient has lost the ability to abduct his shoulder (0°-15°) & the lateral rotation of his shoulder is decreased. Injury to which nerve resulted in this presentation?
The suprascapular nerve
Which type of joint is the elbow joint?
Hinge joint
Which artery makes the major contribution to the deep palmar arterial arch?
The radial artery
Which vein is selected for venipuncture?
The median cubital vein
which muscle can cause medial rotation of the arm?
Subscapularis
which ligament prevents the inward displacement of the tibia?
Posterior cruciate
a patient can’t move his thumb to touch the tip of his little finger, which muscle is affected?
Opponins pollicis
a patient can’t hold a paper between his index and middle finger. Which muscle is affected?
Palmer interossei (adduction; PAD)
which one is a branch of the internal iliac artery?
a. Obturator
b. superficial iliac circumflex
a.Obturator
what artery supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibular
which muscle is examined by asking the patient to flex his forearm and supinate it?
Biceps femoris
which muscle is attached to coracoids process?
Pectoralis minor
avulsion fracture in coracoid process. Which movement is affected?
a. flexion
b. external rotation
a. flexion
short head of each biceps brachii originates at the coracoid process
which congenital problem is caused by improper fusion of the arches?
Spina bifida
Disproportional enlargement of the hands and feet is called
Acromegaly
someone who can’t make a fist and the 2 and 3 digits are extended. Which nerve is affected?
median
what is the common component in medial and lateral arches?
Calcaneus
which bone is injured in excessive dorsiflexion?
talus
which muscle causes plantar flexion and heel raising during walking?
a. Gastrocnemius
b. posterior tibialis
a. Gastrocnemius
which muscle is used for transplantation?
plantaris
What muscle in leg is a dorsiflexor?
extensor digitorum longus
which nerve supplies the short head of biceps femorus?
Common fibular
A child presenting with MELAS?
tRNA leucine gene
presence of wild type and mutant type in the same mitochondrea in an elderly patient. What is this called?
Heteroplasmy
patient with gout was treated with allopurinol. What will increase?
a. uric acid
b. xanthine
b. xanthine
Which amino acid is found in the triplet repeated sequence of primary collagen?
Glycine
the answer they put is proline
Which vitamin is important for collagen synthesis?
Vitamin C
What is the role of the enzyme creatine kinase in muscles?
It donates phosphate to ADP, generating ATP
Which of the following occurs simultaneously with muscle contraction by the release of Ca++ from sarcoplasmic reticulum during exercise?
Glycogenolysis
which one is a feature of glucosaminoglycans?
Extended chain with negative charges
a child presented with exercise intolerance. what is the mutation?
mutation in mitochondrial transfer RNA gene
which of the following lay down bone during bone growth?
Osteoblast
What is pannus:
Granulation tissue that destroys the joint
peripheral bone formation on knee x ray is called
Osteophytes
the hallmark of the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis is
Cartilage degeneration
A deformity of a joint is
Loss of cartilage and destruction of the joint
what is the histopathological feature of SLE?
a. granuloma
b. vasculitis
b. vasculitis
Which of the following tumors has a tendency for distal metastasis?
Hemangiosarcoma
the rest were examples of benign soft tissue tumors
Osteophytes are bony outgrowths that are seen in the peripheral sides of joints. In which inflammatory joint disease are they typically seen?
osteoarthritis
renal disease that is associated with SLE?
Glomerulonephritis
what is considered as poor prognosis in RA?
a. uveitis
b. scleritis
c. vasculitis
d. alveolitis
c. vasculitis
a man with recurrent pain in his big toe, whats a likely diagnosis?
gouty arthritis
What characterizes rhabdomyosarcoma?
a. age at the time of diagnosis
b. positive immunoreactivity to cytokeratin
c. striation in the cytoplasm
d. location of the tumor
c. striation in the cytoplasm
a male with lower leg pain and fever
a. Pyogenic osteomylitis
b. Tuberculus osteomyelitis
a. Pyogenic osteomylitis
not sure about this Q
Intravenous drug abuser presenting with arthritis. culture showed budding yeasts and psuedohyphae
what’s the causative organism?
Candida albicans
What’s responsible for tissue damage in RA?
Macrophages
immune complexes
Th1
what is responsible for initiating the tissue damage in SLE?
a. Autoantibodies against soluble antigens
b. Autoantibodies against cell bound antigens
c. Autoantibodies against specific drug bound to cells
a. Autoantibodies against soluble antigens
a child presenting with arthritis and diarrhea :
Salmonella
45 year old female with polyarthritis and it was thought that it was caused by immune complex deposition. Which virus can cause this?
Hepatitits B
Which of the following statements regarding gonococcal septic arthritis is correct?
a. About 1-5% of patients with gonococcal infection develop septic arthritis
b. patients have history of infection with gonorrhea
c. 25% of the patients have gonorrhea
a. About 1-5% of patients with gonococcal infection develop septic arthritis
Necrosis of the synovium and cartilage destruction. Which organism can cause this?
Staph. aureas
a 2 year old child with symptoms of septic arthritis. Culture showed gram negative coccobacilli. What is the microorganism isolated?
H. influenzae
A patient with gout in the metatarsalphalangeal joint. What is the most appropriate treatment?
a. Indomethacin
b. allopurinol
a. Indomethacin
if pain= indomethacin
A patient with a history of peptic ulcer has osteoarthritis. What is the anti-inflammatory drug of choice for this case?
Celecoxib
Which one of the following drugs is known to be an inhibitor of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase?
Methotrexate
which COX-2 selective inhibitor was withdrawn because of its association with increased cardiovascular problems and strokes?
Rofecoxib
which drug is good as an antipyretic and not as an anti-inflammatory?
Paracetamol
which drug irreversibly inhibit COX-2?
Aspirin
What would happen if Na+\K+ pump is blocked?
The collapse of resting potential
the contraction cycle is almost completed. ATP is hydrolyzed, what happens next?
a. The myosin head flips back into the starting position
b. The myosin head is generating mechanical force by a power stroke
a. The myosin head flips back into the starting position
What happend to the actin-myosin when ATP binds?
Myosin detaches from filamentous actin
What is the effect of the alpha-latrotoxin from the black widow spider on the NMJ?
Ca2+ independent exocytosis
what happens when the conductance of K+ is increased toward the end of action potential?
Hyperpolarization
An increase in what will increase the frequency of muscle contraction?
Action potential
what ensures unidirectional propagation of action potential?
Membrane inexcitability in the refractory phase
what is true about slow twitch fibers?
a. Have a lot of mitochondrea
b. large in diameter
a. Have a lot of mitochondrea
someone standing on the ground and pushing the wall with increasing pressure. Describe their muscle length and tension
Constant length and variable tension
75 year old obese female with pain in her hip
Osteoarthritis
a male presented with arthritis, pain, chills, fever, and knee effusion. What is the initial investigation?
Synovial fluid analysis
What best describes pain assessments?
a. Physiological measurements are not as reliable as self-reports
b. visual analogue is drawing of faces that are shown to children to assess their pain
a. Physiological measurements are not as reliable as self-reports
