2012 module exam Flashcards
What precursor feature is lost when a mature Tropocollagen structure is formed from procollagen?
Disulfide links
Failure of fusion of vertebral arches?
Spina bifida
An amino acid undergoing change to produce a reactive group linking collagen together?
a. Lysine
b. Glycine
c. Leporine
a. Lysine
What is the keystone to the medial longitudinal arch?
Talus
Damage of which muscle would affect medial rotation of the arm?
Subscapularis
Male with purpura cryoglobulinemia?
HCV
From where is the subscapular artery?
a. 1st part of axillary
b. 2nd part of axillary
c. 3rd part of axillary
d. Brachial
c. 3rd part of axillary
ATP binding to myosin head results in?
Detachment of myosin head from f-actin
What is important for the trimeric stable structure?
a. Disulfide bond
b. Ionic bond
c. Hydrogen bond
d. Hydrophobic feature
c. Hydrogen bond
Covalent interactions between these elements stabilize the mature collagen fibril?
Collagen triple helices (allysine-lysine or allysine-allysine)
(*COVALENT cross linkage is between two collagen triple helices, but HYDROGEN BONDS are within one collagen triple helix)
Removal of these elements happens in procollagen processing?
Disulfide linkage
Why is the mutation rate much higher in mitochondrial genome than in nuclear genome?
a. Circular mitochondrial genome
b. Histones bound to mitochondrial genome
c. Abundant O2 radical production in the mitochondria
d. Slow replication of mitochondrial genome
e. Mitochondrial genome is single stranded
c. Abundant O2 radical production in the mitochondria
A 60 year old woman with back pain. On radiological studies there was compression fracture in L3 and hyperlucency in the vertebrae, what will you find in histology?
Thin trabeculae
Which muscle is likely to be affected in piriformis syndrome?
Biceps femoris
Most common bone affected in osteomyelitis?
Femur
Ragged red fibers?
Indicate mitochondrial myopathy
A 37 year old female with malar rash and glomerulonephropathy and positive anti-nuclear antibody. What is the most likely pathophysiology of her condition?
Immune complex deposition
Failure of one half of the vertebral centrum to ossify?
Scoliosis
What cells are responsible for the tissue damage in rheumatoid arthritis?
a. Th1
b. Th2
c. Plasma cells
d. Natural killer cells
e. Cytotoxic T cells
a. Th1 (produce cytokine soup with help of activated macrophages)
What artery passes with the radial nerve in the radial groove of humerus?
a. Profunda brachii
b. Axillary
c. Brachial
d. Radial
a. Profunda brachii
What will be lost or impaired when the common fibular nerve is injured at the head of the fibula?
Eversion
What structure contributes to development of vertebrae?
a. Notochord
b. Sclerotome
c. Dermatome
d. Ectoderm
b. Sclerotome
A storage form of ATP?
Creatinine-phosphate
Metabolite of cori cycle?
Lactate
Substrate of adenylate kinase?
ADP
A 32 year old woman suffering from arthritis and rash on her face with evidence of viral DNA in the synovial fluid?
Parvovirus B19
(Parvovirus B19 has ssDNA and erythema infectiousum can occur in children and sometimes in adults; it can cause immune-complex arthritis with rash. Rubella has ssRNA so it can’t be the answer; it presents with maculopapular rash on face. HBV hasdsDNA and may lead to arthritis-dermatitis syndrome (immune complex mediated). HCV is also ssRNA and presents with myalgia and cryoglobulinemia
A 45 year old man suffering from headache, fever, and arthritis for the last 5 days after being bit by a mosquito in a tropical country?
Dengue fever
Which one of the following ligaments prevents upward dislocation?
Coracoacromial ligament
In RA study, the incidence rate is low but the prevalence is high. What is the cause?
a. Genetics
b. Gender distribution
c. Increased duration of disease
c. Increased duration of disease
Most common place where immune complex is cleared in the body?
a. Liver
b. Kidney
c. Thyroid
a. Liver
Where do immune complexes commonly deposit in SLE?
a. Liver
b. Kidney
c. Heart
b. Kidney
SLE prevalence is changed recently. Why?
Increase in incidence and early diagnosis
Responsible for bone resorption during fracture healing?
Osteoclast
Which foot movement takes place in subtalar joints?
a. Dorsiflexion + plantar flexion
b. Adduction + abduction
c. Inversion + eversion
d. Medial + lateral rotation
e. Internal + external rotation
c. Inversion + eversion
What happens metabolically immediately after calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Glycogenolysis
Most frequent amino acid sequence in cartilage
Gly-X-Y
Gly is glycine, X & Y can be any amino acid
A 15 year old is complaining of pain and swelling in his leg. Needle core biopsy of a tumor in his femur shows lace-like pink material, atypical cells with dark nuclei and mitosis. What is the diagnosis?
Osteosarcoma
Increase in which leads to rise in uric acid solubility?
a. Na
b. K
c. Ca
d. pH
e. Lactate acid
d. pH
What is the percentage of acute back pain?
90%
What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?
Deep fibular
What muscle has the main function of scapula retraction?
Rhomboid
Injury of what nerve causes the loss of flexion of forearm?
a. Radial n
b. Median n
c. Ulnar n
d. Musculocutaneous n
e. Med cutaneous n
Musculocutaneous
If a soccer player has anterior cruciate ligament tear. What is the best management?
a. Knee replacement
b. Knee reconstruction surgery
b. Knee reconstruction surgery
Which part of the spinal nerve innervates epaxial muscles?
a. Dorsal primary ramus
b. Ventral primary ramus
c. Dorsal root
d. Ventral root
a. Dorsal primary ramus
Loss of articular cartilage?
Narrow joint space on X-ray
Converted to 6-MP and inhibits purine synthesis?
Azathioprine
Obese woman presented with pain and loss of articular cartilage. What is the diagnosis?
Osteoarthritis
A 55 year old patient with slipped disc complaining of pain radiating from the lumbar region to the back of the thigh and leg and lateral margin of the foot. What nerve root is the slipped disc compressing?
S1 (refer to dermatomes of leg diagram)
Dislocation of zygapophyseal joint at L2&3. Which nerve root is affected?
L3
Which vein or plexus directly drains the vertebral body?
Basivertebral vein
Bilateral contraction of the erector spinae leads to which movement mainly?
Extension of spine, head, and neck
Radiological sign of anterior cruciate ligament tear?
Tibial spine in x-ray
*X-ray will show “avulsion of tibial attachment”
Vein that directly drains the spinal cord?
Intervertebral vein
Patient has osteomyelitis in west America. In specimen, arthroconidia was found?
Coccidiodomycosis
Person standing on an uneven ground. His foot is in hyper inversion and is plantar flexed. Which ligament is most likely to be sprained?
Anterior talofibular
