2009 module exam Flashcards
Which muscle is responsible for shrugging off against resistance?
Trapezius
Which muscle is used for pushing the trunk up while climbing a tree?
Latissmus dorsi
Which movement will be lost when a fracture to the tip of the acromion occur?
Flexion
Which nerve is affected for lateral rotation beyond 15 degrees?
Axillary nerve
Which is a consequence of rotator cuff muscle injury?
Painful arc
Which muscle is used for manual drive screw to wood?
Biceps brachii
Which artery is responsible for superficial palmar arch?
Ulnar
Which is the most common bone of the hand related to fractures?
Scaphoid
Which artery runs laterally to pisiform bone?
Ulnar
Which muscle is used for medial rotation of humerus?
Subscapularis
Which nerve is formed by medial root?
Ulnar nerve
Which of the following causes a claw hand?
Damage to inferior brachial plexus
Which nerve forms the lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm?
Musculocutaneous
Which nerve damage causes winging of scapula?
Long thoracic nerve
Damage to musculocutaneous nerve would cause a loss of?
Flexion of forearm
Flexion of the MCP and PIP joints of the ring and little fingers is due to a problem in the…
Palmar aponeurosis
Which structure exits from the lesser sciatic foramen?
Obturator internus
Which ligament is responsible for preventing overextension of the hip joint?
Iliofemoral
What is the main blood supply to the head and neck of the femur bone?
Medial circumflex femoral
What is the major flexor of the thigh?
Iliopsoas
Which of the following flexes the knee joint?
Biceps femoris
What is the main muscle that causes dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot?
Tibialis anterior
Which is a part of the knee capsule?
Popletius
Patient does flexion of the left knee, then internal rotation,
then abduction, then extension, and you hear crackling sounds. What is the cause of the sounds?
Lateral meniscus
Which nerve is found near the biceps femoris and the shaft of the tibia?
Common peroneal nerve
Which are responsible for adduction of the toes of the leg?
Plantar interossei
Avulsion of the subtalar joint would prevent
Inversion + eversion
Which is supplied by medial plantar nerve?
Abductor hallicus
Which is a competitive inhibitor for xanthine oxidase?
Allopurinol
(we know the LT says it’s a non-competitive
inhibitor, but in the net it says that it is competitive in low
doses, and there is no other right answer)
What is given for induction of labor?
PGE2
Which drug is used when acetaminophen is toxic?
Acetylcysteine
Which drug is used when RA with peptic ulcer disease?
Celexocib
Which drug is mainly for IBD?
Sulfasalazine
Which drug reverses the action of methotrexate?
Leucovorin
Which drug inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase?
Leflunomide
What would happen if Na/K pump is blocked?
Resting membrane potential collapse
What causes the unidirectional propagation of AP?
Hyperpolarization in refractory period
What is the docking protein in nerve terminal?
Synaptobrevin + syntaxin
What is retrieval of vesicle membrane from the nerve
membrane called?
Endocytosis
What’s the outcome of giving α-latrotoxin (from black widow spider)?
Ca independent exocytosis
What is the likely cause of decreased muscle contraction/twitch?
Decreased Ca at muscle fibers
What’s responsible for the initiation of ATP-dependent power stroke movement between actin and myosin?
Myosin-head
What causes maximum contraction of muscles?
Complete overlap between actin and myosin
Unstimulated muscle is stretched by a tool from both sides
Increased passive tension
Muscle continuous stimulation of 80 Hz
Induction of tetanization
High energy for short periods is modulated by
Creatine phosphate
Allosteric activator of glycolysis and glyconeolysis
AMP
What is the regulator of fatty acid in aerobic metabolism?
AMP-Activated Kinase
Which cell is responsible for bone resorption?
Osteoclasts
Which disease is caused by a mutation to FGFR3?
Achondroplasia
Which disease is caused by a mutation to SQSTM1?
Paget’s disease
The SQSTM1, TNFRSF11A, and TNFRSF11B genes are involved in bone remodeling
Which disease is caused by 1α-hydroxylase?
Rickets
Most common cause of septic arthritis?
S. Aureus
7-year-old patient with osteomyelitis and sickle cell anemia?
Salmonella typhi
Treatment of osteomyelitis caused by salmonella?
Ciprofloxacin
Treatment of multi-drug resistant S.Aureus?
Vancomysin
45-year-old patient with arthritis and bright red cheeks. Fluid analysis revealed the presence of viral DNA. Whats the causative agent?
Parvovirus B19
35-year-old patient with arthritis after traveling to a tropical country and getting bit by a mosquito
Dengue virus
Joint aspiration for a patient with osteomyelitis revealed intracellular budding yeast. What is the condition?
Histoplasmosis
Which is linked with both onset and intensity of pain?
Catastrophizing
Materials used in bone scan are more likely to behave similarly to
Phosphate
What is the common antigen that the antibody is directed to in RA?
IgG
How are immune complexes normally cleared from our body?
Complement
Patient with arthritis was diagnosed with parvovirus B19.
What’s the most likely outcome?
Disease will be self-limited within three weeks
42-year-old female with morning stiffness for one hour. T=37.5 and pressure is 140/90 with synovitis. What’s useful in diagnosis?
C-Reactive Protein
A patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis was seen to have subcutaneous nodules over his elbow. If we microscopically look at them, what will we found?
Granuloma
Patient with fever and chills was diagnosed with synovitis. What is the initial diagnostic approach to the patient?
Joint fluid analysis
55-year-old female who is on estrogen supplement therapy (EST) was diagnosed with SLE. What is your advice to her EST?
You should stop taking it to prevent lupus flares
Patients with SLE are characterized by
Production of anti-leukocyte antibodies
You can mainly differentiate between SLE and RA by the
presence of
Anti-double stranded DNA Antibody
anti-dsDNA antibody test is very specific for SLE
What’s meant by “all mtDNA are identical in a healthy individual at birth”?
Homoplasmy
Patient with lactic acidosis, hearing loss, and stroke is caused by
Mutation to mitochondrial tRNA
Mitochondrial diseases mainly affect the
Muscles
What is a special characteristic of collagen?
Triple helix
Which is the most frequent amino acid in collagen?
Glycine
Which of the following would lead to decreased uric acid
solubility?
Low pH
What is the molecule found in crystals in gout patients?
Monosodium Urate
How many of these has increased mortality?
a. RA
b. SLE
c. OA
RA=YES
OA=NO
SLE=YES!
A 60-year-old male in casualty for 2 days and pain and effusion
in his first MTP joint. It started 3 months ago with recurrent episodes since that time. Physical examination revealed redness and swelling with tophi formation in the 1st MTP joint. What’s the diagnosis?
Gout
Why is it hard to study the epidemiology of OA?
No correlation between radiological and clinical
manifestations
Patient with an injury to the C6-C7 zygopophyseal joint. What will be affected?
Spinal nerves
What innervates the superficial intrinsic muscles at the back?
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Which muscle is most commonly torn in the back?
Erector spinae
Which muscle is the major flexor of the vertebra?
Psoas major
What is the most common cause of low back pain?
Muscle strain
Which part gives the myotome?
Paraxial
Failure of fusion of vertebral arches causes
Spina bifida
Failure of one half of the vertebral centrum to ossify causes
Scoliosis
Which is a common malignant tumor that contains bone matrix
producing cells?
Osteosarcoma
Patient with swelling at right knee. Radiological studies showed “soap bubbles” and lesion composed of large osteoclastic cells. What’s the diagnosis?
Giant cell tumor
Patient with bony lesion associated with translocation (11:22) and glygocen deposition
Ewing sarcoma
What is a characteristic of back pain?
It affects mostly people of working ages
Alveolar extremities examination revealed loss of sensation on the lateral 5th finger of the foot. Which nerve roots are affected?
L5-S1
Patients with intervertebral disk herniation are best diagnosed by
MRI
What is the best way to check for supraspinatus tendonitis?
MRI
We check X-Ray (lateral side) to see subluxation or whiplash
injury on the…
Cervical vertebra
We do MRI to check for the integrity and to find any tear in…
Glenoid labrum
