Anatomy & Physiology Exam 3 Flashcards
Which cells secrete calcitonin?
parafollicular cells
Which cells secrete glucagon?
alpha cells
Which cells secrete thyroxine?
follicular cells
Which cells secrete insulin?
beta cells
Which cells secrete PTH?
chief cells secrete PTH (parathyroid hormone)
Which blood cells do not have a nucleus?
rbc, ejected when young
Where is the Cardiovascular center?
medulla oblongata
Where does diffusion take place?
capillaries
Where do all systemic arteries branch off?
Aorta
Where are the baroreceptors located?
carotid sinus, aortic arch
What is the volume of blood in an adult, what is the pH of blood?
5-7 L, 7.35-7.45 pH
What is the sclera?
white of eye
What is the ciliary muscle?
hangs the lens
What is the fovea centralis?
area of sharpest vision
What is the retina?
photo receptor location
What is the pulse rate?
reflection of heart rate
What is the # of platelets in 1 uL of blood?
150k
What is the # of erythrocytes in 1 uL of blood?
5 million
What is the # of leucocytes 1 uL of blood?
5k
What is referred pain?
pain of visceral origin (inside of body felt on outside)
What is lysozyme?
enzyme that breaks down bacteria cell walls
What is hemoglobin?
oxygen carrying protein
What is cAMP?
second messenger
What is anemia?
decreased rbc
What is polycythemia?
increased rbc
What is a myocardial infarction?
heart attack; blockage of blood vessels to heart
What cells is the endothelium made of?
simple squamous cells
What are two systems that coordinate homeostasis?
nervous & endocrine
What are the simplest sensory receptors?
Free nerve endings
What are the nodes of the heart?
- Sinoatrial (SA) node,
- Atrioventricular (AV) node
What are P waves?
atrial depolarization
What are QRS waves?
ventricular depolarization
What are T waves?
ventricular repolarization
Valves of the heart
Tricuspid valve, Pulmonary semi-lunar valve, Bicuspid (mitral) valve, Aortic semi-lunar valve
Thickest wall in heart, why is it thickest?
left ventricle is thickest for pumping through the whole body
The highest blood pressure is found in what vessels?
arteries
The highest blood pressure is found in what arteries?
Aorta
Smallest diameter blood vessels
capillaries
Slowest blood flow is found in what vessels
capillaries
Relationship between insulin and glucagon, PTH & calcitonin
insulin reduces blood sugar, glucagon raises blood sugar, PTH raises blood calcium, calcitonin lowers blood calcium
Pathway of blood in heart
- Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus
- Right atrium
- Tricuspid valve
- Chordae tendinae
- Right ventricle
- Pulmonary semi-lunar valve
- Pulmonary trunk
- Pulmonary artery
- Lungs (dump carbon dioxide, pick up oxygen)
- Pulmonary veins
- Left atrium
- Bicuspid (mitral) valve
- Chordae tendinae
- Left ventricle
- Aortic semi-lunar valve
- Aorta
- Rest of Body
Most plentiful protein in blood
albumin
Main vein that drains blood from the heart
coronary sinus
List the classification of receptors
chemo, thermo, mechanico, photo
List special senses
vision, taste, smell, equilibrium
List somatic senses
Touch, pressure, pain, kinesthetic
List hormones of posterior pituitary and their functions
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin); water reabsorption by kidneys,
- Oxytocin; (females) uterine contraction during labor, breast milk flow, parent and baby bonding,
(males) ejaculation, parent and baby bonding
List hormones of anterior pituitary and their functions
- Growth hormone (GH); bones and muscles
- Prolactin (PRL); mammary glands
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); testes and ovaries
- Luteinizing hormone (LH); testes and ovaries
- Thyrotropic hormone (TH); thyroid
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); adrenal cortex
List 5 endocrine glands
hypothalamus, pineal, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal
Life span of erythrocytes
120 days
Life span of leucocytes
6 hours
Functions of blood
transportation, regulation
Function of lymphocytes
immunity
Function of eosinophils
parasitic infection & allergens
Function of thrombocytes
clotting
Function of neutrophils
acute infection
Function of monocytes
develop into macrophages for chronic infection
Difference between systemic and pulmonary circulation
systemic - leaves left ventricle into entire body, pulmonary - leaves right ventricle into lungs
Difference between plasma, buffy coat, hematocrit
plasma is liquid portion, Buffy coat is wbc and platelets, hematocrit is rbc
Define proprioception
coordination of joint movement
Define hemophilia
genetic disorder mainly in males: blood factors missing
Define hemostasis
stoppage of blood
Define fibrin
protein network involved in clotting
Define glaucoma
pathology in the eye; fluid buildup in eye; causes most blindness in US
Define adaptation
Decrease in sensation during a prolonged stimulus
Cause of 2 heart sounds
Lub - closure of AV valves, Dup - closure of semilunar valves
Blood vessel that carries the deoxygenated blood from the heart
pulmonary artery (only artery that carries deoxygenated blood)
3 Exocrine glands
salivary, lacrimal, sebaceous
