Anatomy & Physiology Exam 3

Question 1

Which cells secrete calcitonin?

Answer 1

parafollicular cells

Question 2

Which cells secrete glucagon?

Answer 2

alpha cells

Question 3

Which cells secrete thyroxine?

Answer 3

follicular cells

Question 4

Which cells secrete insulin?

Answer 4

beta cells

Question 5

Which cells secrete PTH?

Answer 5

chief cells secrete PTH (parathyroid hormone)

Question 6

Which blood cells do not have a nucleus?

Answer 6

rbc, ejected when young

Question 7

Where is the Cardiovascular center?

Answer 7

medulla oblongata

Question 8

Where does diffusion take place?

Answer 8

capillaries

Question 9

Where do all systemic arteries branch off?

Answer 9

Aorta

Question 10

Where are the baroreceptors located?

Answer 10

carotid sinus, aortic arch

Question 11

What is the volume of blood in an adult, what is the pH of blood?

Answer 11

5-7 L, 7.35-7.45 pH

Question 12

What is the sclera?

Answer 12

white of eye

Question 13

What is the ciliary muscle?

Answer 13

hangs the lens

Question 14

What is the fovea centralis?

Answer 14

area of sharpest vision

Question 15

What is the retina?

Answer 15

photo receptor location

Question 16

What is the pulse rate?

Answer 16

reflection of heart rate

Question 17

What is the # of platelets in 1 uL of blood?

Answer 17

150k

Question 18

What is the # of erythrocytes in 1 uL of blood?

Answer 18

5 million

Question 19

What is the # of leucocytes 1 uL of blood?

Answer 19

5k

Question 20

What is referred pain?

Answer 20

pain of visceral origin (inside of body felt on outside)

Question 21

What is lysozyme?

Answer 21

enzyme that breaks down bacteria cell walls

Question 22

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 22

oxygen carrying protein

Question 23

What is cAMP?

Answer 23

second messenger

Question 24

What is anemia?

Answer 24

decreased rbc

Question 25

What is polycythemia?

Answer 25

increased rbc

Question 26

What is a myocardial infarction?

Answer 26

heart attack; blockage of blood vessels to heart

Question 27

What cells is the endothelium made of?

Answer 27

simple squamous cells

Question 28

What are two systems that coordinate homeostasis?

Answer 28

nervous & endocrine

Question 29

What are the simplest sensory receptors?

Answer 29

Free nerve endings

Question 30

What are the nodes of the heart?

Answer 30

1. Sinoatrial (SA) node, 2. Atrioventricular (AV) node

Question 31

What are P waves?

Answer 31

atrial depolarization

Question 32

What are QRS waves?

Answer 32

ventricular depolarization

Question 33

What are T waves?

Answer 33

ventricular repolarization

Question 34

Valves of the heart

Answer 34

Tricuspid valve, Pulmonary semi-lunar valve, Bicuspid (mitral) valve, Aortic semi-lunar valve

Question 35

Thickest wall in heart, why is it thickest?

Answer 35

left ventricle is thickest for pumping through the whole body

Question 36

The highest blood pressure is found in what vessels?

Answer 36

arteries

Question 37

The highest blood pressure is found in what arteries?

Answer 37

Aorta

Question 38

Smallest diameter blood vessels

Answer 38

capillaries

Question 39

Slowest blood flow is found in what vessels

Answer 39

capillaries

Question 40

Relationship between insulin and glucagon, PTH & calcitonin

Answer 40

insulin reduces blood sugar, glucagon raises blood sugar, PTH raises blood calcium, calcitonin lowers blood calcium

Question 41

Pathway of blood in heart

Answer 41

1. Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus 2. Right atrium 3. Tricuspid valve 4. Chordae tendinae 5. Right ventricle 6. Pulmonary semi-lunar valve 7. Pulmonary trunk 8. Pulmonary artery 9. Lungs (dump carbon dioxide, pick up oxygen) 10. Pulmonary veins 11. Left atrium 12. Bicuspid (mitral) valve 13. Chordae tendinae 14. Left ventricle 15. Aortic semi-lunar valve 16. Aorta 17. Rest of Body

Question 42

Most plentiful protein in blood

Answer 42

albumin

Question 43

Main vein that drains blood from the heart

Answer 43

coronary sinus

Question 44

List the classification of receptors

Answer 44

chemo, thermo, mechanico, photo

Question 45

List special senses

Answer 45

vision, taste, smell, equilibrium

Question 46

List somatic senses

Answer 46

Touch, pressure, pain, kinesthetic

Question 47

List hormones of posterior pituitary and their functions

Answer 47

1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin); water reabsorption by kidneys, 2. Oxytocin; (females) uterine contraction during labor, breast milk flow, parent and baby bonding, (males) ejaculation, parent and baby bonding

Question 48

List hormones of anterior pituitary and their functions

Answer 48

1. Growth hormone (GH); bones and muscles 2. Prolactin (PRL); mammary glands 3. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); testes and ovaries 4. Luteinizing hormone (LH); testes and ovaries 5. Thyrotropic hormone (TH); thyroid 6. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); adrenal cortex

Question 49

List 5 endocrine glands

Answer 49

hypothalamus, pineal, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal

Question 50

Life span of erythrocytes

Answer 50

120 days

Question 51

Life span of leucocytes

Answer 51

6 hours

Question 52

Functions of blood

Answer 52

transportation, regulation

Question 53

Function of lymphocytes

Answer 53

immunity

Question 54

Function of eosinophils

Answer 54

parasitic infection & allergens

Question 55

Function of thrombocytes

Answer 55

clotting

Question 56

Function of neutrophils

Answer 56

acute infection

Question 57

Function of monocytes

Answer 57

develop into macrophages for chronic infection

Question 58

Difference between systemic and pulmonary circulation

Answer 58

systemic - leaves left ventricle into entire body, pulmonary - leaves right ventricle into lungs

Question 59

Difference between plasma, buffy coat, hematocrit

Answer 59

plasma is liquid portion, Buffy coat is wbc and platelets, hematocrit is rbc

Question 60

Define proprioception

Answer 60

coordination of joint movement

Question 61

Define hemophilia

Answer 61

genetic disorder mainly in males: blood factors missing

Question 62

Define hemostasis

Answer 62

stoppage of blood

Question 63

Define fibrin

Answer 63

protein network involved in clotting

Question 64

Define glaucoma

Answer 64

pathology in the eye; fluid buildup in eye; causes most blindness in US

Question 65

Define adaptation

Answer 65

Decrease in sensation during a prolonged stimulus

Question 66

Cause of 2 heart sounds

Answer 66

Lub - closure of AV valves, Dup - closure of semilunar valves

Question 67

Blood vessel that carries the deoxygenated blood from the heart

Answer 67

pulmonary artery (only artery that carries deoxygenated blood)

Question 68

3 Exocrine glands

Answer 68

salivary, lacrimal, sebaceous