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MLT Program > Anatomy & Physiology Exam 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which cells secrete calcitonin?

A

parafollicular cells

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2
Q

Which cells secrete glucagon?

A

alpha cells

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3
Q

Which cells secrete thyroxine?

A

follicular cells

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4
Q

Which cells secrete insulin?

A

beta cells

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5
Q

Which cells secrete PTH?

A

chief cells secrete PTH (parathyroid hormone)

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6
Q

Which blood cells do not have a nucleus?

A

rbc, ejected when young

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7
Q

Where is the Cardiovascular center?

A

medulla oblongata

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8
Q

Where does diffusion take place?

A

capillaries

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9
Q

Where do all systemic arteries branch off?

A

Aorta

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10
Q

Where are the baroreceptors located?

A

carotid sinus, aortic arch

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11
Q

What is the volume of blood in an adult, what is the pH of blood?

A

5-7 L, 7.35-7.45 pH

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12
Q

What is the sclera?

A

white of eye

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13
Q

What is the ciliary muscle?

A

hangs the lens

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14
Q

What is the fovea centralis?

A

area of sharpest vision

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15
Q

What is the retina?

A

photo receptor location

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16
Q

What is the pulse rate?

A

reflection of heart rate

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17
Q

What is the # of platelets in 1 uL of blood?

A

150k

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18
Q

What is the # of erythrocytes in 1 uL of blood?

A

5 million

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19
Q

What is the # of leucocytes 1 uL of blood?

A

5k

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20
Q

What is referred pain?

A

pain of visceral origin (inside of body felt on outside)

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21
Q

What is lysozyme?

A

enzyme that breaks down bacteria cell walls

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22
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

oxygen carrying protein

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23
Q

What is cAMP?

A

second messenger

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24
Q

What is anemia?

A

decreased rbc

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25
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

increased rbc

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26
Q

What is a myocardial infarction?

A

heart attack; blockage of blood vessels to heart

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27
Q

What cells is the endothelium made of?

A

simple squamous cells

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28
Q

What are two systems that coordinate homeostasis?

A

nervous & endocrine

29
Q

What are the simplest sensory receptors?

A

Free nerve endings

30
Q

What are the nodes of the heart?

A
  1. Sinoatrial (SA) node,
  2. Atrioventricular (AV) node
31
Q

What are P waves?

A

atrial depolarization

32
Q

What are QRS waves?

A

ventricular depolarization

33
Q

What are T waves?

A

ventricular repolarization

34
Q

Valves of the heart

A

Tricuspid valve, Pulmonary semi-lunar valve, Bicuspid (mitral) valve, Aortic semi-lunar valve

35
Q

Thickest wall in heart, why is it thickest?

A

left ventricle is thickest for pumping through the whole body

36
Q

The highest blood pressure is found in what vessels?

A

arteries

37
Q

The highest blood pressure is found in what arteries?

A

Aorta

38
Q

Smallest diameter blood vessels

A

capillaries

39
Q

Slowest blood flow is found in what vessels

A

capillaries

40
Q

Relationship between insulin and glucagon, PTH & calcitonin

A

insulin reduces blood sugar, glucagon raises blood sugar, PTH raises blood calcium, calcitonin lowers blood calcium

41
Q

Pathway of blood in heart

A
  1. Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus
  2. Right atrium
  3. Tricuspid valve
  4. Chordae tendinae
  5. Right ventricle
  6. Pulmonary semi-lunar valve
  7. Pulmonary trunk
  8. Pulmonary artery
  9. Lungs (dump carbon dioxide, pick up oxygen)
  10. Pulmonary veins
  11. Left atrium
  12. Bicuspid (mitral) valve
  13. Chordae tendinae
  14. Left ventricle
  15. Aortic semi-lunar valve
  16. Aorta
  17. Rest of Body
42
Q

Most plentiful protein in blood

A

albumin

43
Q

Main vein that drains blood from the heart

A

coronary sinus

44
Q

List the classification of receptors

A

chemo, thermo, mechanico, photo

45
Q

List special senses

A

vision, taste, smell, equilibrium

46
Q

List somatic senses

A

Touch, pressure, pain, kinesthetic

47
Q

List hormones of posterior pituitary and their functions

A
  1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin); water reabsorption by kidneys,
  2. Oxytocin; (females) uterine contraction during labor, breast milk flow, parent and baby bonding,
    (males) ejaculation, parent and baby bonding
48
Q

List hormones of anterior pituitary and their functions

A
  1. Growth hormone (GH); bones and muscles
  2. Prolactin (PRL); mammary glands
  3. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); testes and ovaries
  4. Luteinizing hormone (LH); testes and ovaries
  5. Thyrotropic hormone (TH); thyroid
  6. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); adrenal cortex
49
Q

List 5 endocrine glands

A

hypothalamus, pineal, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal

50
Q

Life span of erythrocytes

A

120 days

51
Q

Life span of leucocytes

A

6 hours

52
Q

Functions of blood

A

transportation, regulation

53
Q

Function of lymphocytes

A

immunity

54
Q

Function of eosinophils

A

parasitic infection & allergens

55
Q

Function of thrombocytes

A

clotting

56
Q

Function of neutrophils

A

acute infection

57
Q

Function of monocytes

A

develop into macrophages for chronic infection

58
Q

Difference between systemic and pulmonary circulation

A

systemic - leaves left ventricle into entire body, pulmonary - leaves right ventricle into lungs

59
Q

Difference between plasma, buffy coat, hematocrit

A

plasma is liquid portion, Buffy coat is wbc and platelets, hematocrit is rbc

60
Q

Define proprioception

A

coordination of joint movement

61
Q

Define hemophilia

A

genetic disorder mainly in males: blood factors missing

62
Q

Define hemostasis

A

stoppage of blood

63
Q

Define fibrin

A

protein network involved in clotting

64
Q

Define glaucoma

A

pathology in the eye; fluid buildup in eye; causes most blindness in US

65
Q

Define adaptation

A

Decrease in sensation during a prolonged stimulus

66
Q

Cause of 2 heart sounds

A

Lub - closure of AV valves, Dup - closure of semilunar valves

67
Q

Blood vessel that carries the deoxygenated blood from the heart

A

pulmonary artery (only artery that carries deoxygenated blood)

68
Q

3 Exocrine glands

A

salivary, lacrimal, sebaceous

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