Anatomy & Physiology Exam 2

Question 1

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

Support, protection of vital organs, red and white blood cell production, mineral storage, homeostasis

Question 2

What are the functions of the muscular system?

Answer 2

Movement, heat generation, stabilization, organ volume

Question 3

Which bones are long bones?

Answer 3

Clavicle, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Metacarpals, Phalanges, Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Metatarsals, Phalanges.

Question 4

Which bones are flat bones?

Answer 4

Parietal, Lacrimal, Frontal, Nasal, Occipital, Vomer, Scapula, Sternum, Rib, Coxal

Question 5

What is yellow bone marrow?

Answer 5

Triglycerides.

Question 6

Describe the epiphyseal plate

Answer 6

Point of elongation in long bones.

Question 7

Describe the epiphysis.

Answer 7

The rounded end of a long bone on which articular cartilage is present

Question 8

Describe the diaphysis.

Answer 8

Shaft of long bone

Question 9

Describe the articular cartilage.

Answer 9

Hyaline cartilage on epiphysis

Question 10

Describe the periosteum.

Answer 10

Connective tissue on bones

Question 11

Describe the endosteum.

Answer 11

Inner lining tissue of bone cavities

Question 12

What is the difference between, osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts?

Answer 12

-genic are stem cells that develop into -blast, -blast builds bone, -cyte is mature, -clast live in lacunae

Question 13

Where is fat stored in the skeletal system?

Answer 13

Yellow bone marrow

Question 14

What is the effect of stress and exercise on bone?

Answer 14

Strengthen bones

Question 15

How many bones are in the adult human skeleton?

Answer 15

206

Question 16

What is the total number of adult vertebrae?

Answer 16

26

Question 17

What are the anatomical names for the upper jaw? the lower jaw? the cheek bones?

Answer 17

Maxilla, Mandible, Zygomatic Bones

Question 18

What is the bone that does not articulate with any other bone?

Answer 18

Hyoid Bone

Question 19

What is the name for the study of joints?

Answer 19

Arthrology

Question 20

What is the term for a joint displacement?

Answer 20

Dislocation

Question 21

What is the term for joint inflammation?

Answer 21

Arthritis

Question 22

What is the term for pain relief?

Answer 22

Analgesia

Question 23

What are the classifications of freely movable, slightly movable and immovable joints called?

Answer 23

Diarthroses, Amphiarthroses, Synarthroses.

Question 24

What is a gomphosis?

Answer 24

Joints for teeth

Question 25

Describe a synovial joint.

Answer 25

Fluid-filled in synovial membrane

Question 26

What is the difference between flexion and extension?

Answer 26

Flexion decreases the angle of the joint and extension increases it.

Question 27

Describe abduction and adduction.

Answer 27

Abduction moves laterally and adduction moves medially

Question 28

What type of joint is the knee joint?

Answer 28

Hinge joint

Question 29

What type of joint is the shoulder joint?

Answer 29

Ball and Socket joint

Question 30

What type of joint is the hip joint?

Answer 30

Ball and Socket joint

Question 31

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

Answer 31

Hinge joint

Question 32

What is the difference between epimysium, perimysium and endomysium?

Answer 32

-epi covers bundle, -peri covers fascicles, -endo covers fiber

Question 33

Define the limit of a sarcomere.

Answer 33

Z-disc distance

Question 34

What is myoglobin?

Answer 34

O binding protein in muscles

Question 35

What is acetylcholine?

Answer 35

The neurotransmitter between muscle and motor neuron

Question 36

Where is calcium stored in a skeletal muscle fiber?

Answer 36

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Question 37

What substance initiates skeletal muscle contractions?

Answer 37

Ca+

Question 38

Define tetanus.

Answer 38

Sustained muscle contraction

Question 39

Which muscles are striated?

Answer 39

Skeletal and Cardiac

Question 40

Which muscles have intercalated discs?

Answer 40

Cardiac

Question 41

What energy does skeletal muscle use?

Answer 41

ATP

Question 42

What is the difference between the point of origin and insertion of a muscle?

Answer 42

Origin is anchored, insertion is movable

Question 43

What is the name for a muscle that has 2 origins? 3 origins? 4 origins?

Answer 43

Biceps, Triceps, Quadriceps

Question 44

What is the branch of medicine that deals with normal functioning and disorders of the nervous system?

Answer 44

Neurology

Question 45

What are the two body systems that maintain homeostasis?

Answer 45

Endocrine and Nervous systems

Question 46

What is the difference between afferent and efferent neurons?

Answer 46

Afferent moves toward CNS, efferent moves away from CNS

Question 47

What is the function of an axon?

Answer 47

conducts impulses away from neuron cell body

Question 48

What are effectors?

Answer 48

muscles and glands

Question 49

What constitutes the CNS?

Answer 49

Brain and spinal cord

Question 50

What constitutes the PNS?

Answer 50

nerves

Question 51

What is the enteric nervous system?

Answer 51

Digestive system's nervous system; GI tract, stimulates smooth muscles

Question 52

What are the functions of Schwann cells?

Answer 52

Produce myelin sheathe in PNS

Question 53

What are the functions of oligodendrocytes?

Answer 53

Produce myelin sheathe in CNS

Question 54

What are the functions of microglia?

Answer 54

Phagocytic cells

Question 55

What are the functions of astrocytes?

Answer 55

Blood-brain barrier

Question 56

What are the functions of satellite cells?

Answer 56

Maintain nourishment in PNS

Question 57

What are the functions of Ependymal cells?

Answer 57

Help flow of CSF

Question 58

List the stages of an action potential.

Answer 58

Depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization

Question 59

List the 3 layers that surround the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 59

1. Dura matar 2. Arachnoid matar 3. Pia matar

Question 60

Between which layer does the cerebrospinal fluid flow?

Answer 60

Ararchnoid matar and Pia matar

Question 61

Name the major parts of the brain.

Answer 61

Brain stem, cerebrum, diancephelon, cerebellum

Question 62

Where is the location of the thalamus?

Answer 62

Diencephalon

Question 63

What part of the brain is referred to as emotional?

Answer 63

Limbic system

Question 64

What functions are associated with the limbic system?

Answer 64

Emotion

Question 65

What functions are associated with the cerebrum?

Answer 65

intellect, thinking

Question 66

What functions are associated with the thalamus?

Answer 66

Relay station

Question 67

What functions are associated with the cerebellum?

Answer 67

Gate, posture

Question 68

What functions are associated with the brain stem?

Answer 68

Breathing, heart beat, respiration

Question 69

What functions are associated with the occipital lobe?

Answer 69

Vision interpretation

Question 70

Where does the vagus nerve innervate?

Answer 70

Abdomen, thorax, stomach acid production

Question 71

Where do the intercostals innervate?

Answer 71

Ribs

Question 72

What is the difference between a gyrus and a sulcus?

Answer 72

(On cerebrum) Gyri are ridges, Sulci are grooves

Question 73

What does the word autonomic mean?

Answer 73

self law

Question 74

What are pre and post synaptic neurons?

Answer 74

preganglionic & postganglionic

Question 75

What are the neurotransmitters secreted by a somatic motor neuron?

Answer 75

Acetylcholine

Question 76

What are the neurotransmitters secreted by a parasynpathetic neuron?

Answer 76

#-------@#---@ (long, short) Acetylcholine, Acetylcholine

Question 77

What are the neurotransmitters secreted by a Preganglionic neuron?

Answer 77

#---@#-------@ (short, long) Acetylcholine

Question 78

What are the neurotransmitters secreted by a postganglionic neuron?

Answer 78

#---@#-------@ (short, long) Norepinephrine, some epinephrine

Question 79

What activities are associated with the sympathetic division?

Answer 79

fight/flee

Question 80

What activities are associated with the parasympathetic division?

Answer 80

rest/digest