Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1

Question 1

The science dealing with body functions

Answer 1

Physiology

Question 2

The science dealing with body structure

Answer 2

Anatomy

Question 3

The science dealing with study of cells

Answer 3

Cytology

Question 4

The level of organization when different multiple types of tissues join together is called the

Answer 4

Organ

Question 5

The process by which molecules are broken down to release energy is called

Answer 5

Catabolism

Question 6

examples of organs

Answer 6

Brain, Skin, Heart

Question 7

examples of tissues

Answer 7

Connective, Nervous, Epithelial, Muscular

Question 8

what is homeostasis

Answer 8

Maintenance of stable internal environment

Question 9

Metabolism

Answer 9

Sum of all chemical reactions

Question 10

urinary system

Answer 10

Elimination of nitrogenous bases

Question 11

digestive system

Answer 11

Breaks down substances

Question 12

endocrine system

Answer 12

Slow acting response system

Question 13

integumentary system

Answer 13

Cover, protection, vitamin D production, detects stimuli

Question 14

muscular system

Answer 14

Moves skeletal system, produces heat

Question 15

Which of the following have the best blood supply?
Epithelium, muscle, cartilage, or nerves?

Answer 15

muscle

Question 16

Define matter

Answer 16

Anything that is massive and spacious, cannot be broken down further

Question 17

Define atomic mass, atomic number,

Answer 17

Protons + Neutrons, Protons

Question 18

Difference between organic and inorganic compounds

Answer 18

Organic compounds are large and contain carbon

Question 19

55% to 60% of the body weight is composed of what

Answer 19

Water

Question 20

Properties of enzymes

Answer 20

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions; specific to one activity; do not change

Question 21

What molecule contains approximately 30,000 genes and is found in the cell’s nucleus?

Answer 21

DNA

Question 22

What is the composition of the plasma membrane?

Answer 22

Mainly phospholipids, glycoproteins, carbohydrates, cholesterol

Question 23

Define the cytoplasm and cytosol

Answer 23

Cytosol is fluid/gel that suspends organelles. Cytoplasm is cytosol + organelles

Question 24

Know the permeability of the plasma membrane

Answer 24

Selectively permeable; small molecules can more often come through

Question 25

Define endocytosis, phagocytosis,

Answer 25

Bringing in bulk to cell; active transport of larger things, brings in particles as defense; type of endocytosis

Question 26

Define passive and active transport

Answer 26

With concentration gradient, up concentration gradient by using ATP

Question 27

What process do white blood cells use to destroy bacteria?

Answer 27

Phagocytosis

Question 28

What are the 4 bases of DNA? RNA?

Answer 28

TAGC, UAGC

Question 29

Define apoptosis.

Answer 29

Programmed cell death, cancer defies this

Question 30

Define a pathologist, dermatologist.

Answer 30

Tissue changes that study disease, skin doctor

Question 31

simple columnar epithelium.

Answer 31

One layer, longer than wide

Question 32

pseudostratified epithelium.

Answer 32

Look stratified, ciliated

Question 33

transitional epithelium.

Answer 33

In urinary system, expands and contracts

Question 34

cuboidal epithelium.

Answer 34

Cube shaped, found in ducts

Question 35

squamous epithelium.

Answer 35

Flat cells

Question 36

In which of the above are epithelium are goblet cells found?

Answer 36

In simple columnar epithelium

Question 37

Know the distinction between endocrine and exocrine glands

Answer 37

Makes hormones inside body and secretes into blood, secretes outside of body; sweat, mammary, sebaceous, lacrimal, salivary

Question 38

Compare connective and epithelial tissues?

Answer 38

Lots of matrix and substances; sparse in cells, epithelial is all cells

Question 39

Where are Meissner corpuscles and touch receptors found?

Answer 39

Right below epidermis, upper part of dermis

Question 40

first-degree burn.

Answer 40

Epidermis

Question 41

second-degree burn.

Answer 41

Epidermis + part of dermis

Question 42

third-degree burn.

Answer 42

Epidermis + dermis

Question 43

List the types of skin cancer and their frequency

Answer 43

Malignant melanoma; low frequency, high malignancy. Basal cell carcinoma; high frequency, low malignancy

Question 44

Which 2 body systems control homeostasis ?

Answer 44

Endocrine + Nervous

Question 45

dehydration synthesis.

Answer 45

Part of catabolism, removes water to join cells together

Question 46

Anabolism

Answer 46

Create with energy

Question 47

Catabolism

Answer 47

Break down molecules for energy

Question 48

What are components of the negative feedback systems?

Answer 48

Receptor, Control center, Effector

Question 49

Define reproduction

Answer 49

Formation of new individual/cell

Question 50

Protons

Answer 50

Positively charged particles weighing 1 amu found in nucleus

Question 51

Ion.

Answer 51

Atom with charge from difference in electron count

Question 52

What are the chemical symbols for carbon, sodium, hydrogen

Answer 52

C, Na, H

Question 53

Which abundant element found in both water molecules and most organic molecules?

Answer 53

Hydrogen

Question 54

Which is the most abundant found in the backbone and rings of all organic molecules

Answer 54

Carbon

Question 55

Define osmosis

Answer 55

Movement of water across semipermeable membrane

Question 56

What is the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is permeable to?

Answer 56

Fat soluble and small molecules

Question 57

What is the plasma membrane Impermeable to?

Answer 57

Proteins and other large molecules

Question 58

Define simple diffusion

Answer 58

Needs concentration gradient

Question 59

What happens to a normal red blood cell that is placed into a hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic solutions

Answer 59

Enlarges and lyses, no change, shrinks

Question 60

What solutions is isotonic for normal human red blood cells?

Answer 60

0.9% sodium chloride

Question 61

What are the two characteristics that are commonly used to categorize the different types of covering and lining epithelia?

Answer 61

Shape and layers

Question 62

What type of epithelia commonly function in either absorption and secretion?

Answer 62

Squamous and columnar

Question 63

What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 63

Protection (skin)

Question 64

What type of tissue contains a large amount of extracellular matrix?

Answer 64

Connective tissue

Question 65

What are the fibers found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue are made of?

Answer 65

proteins

Question 66

What is the largest organ in the body

Answer 66

Skin

Question 67

Describe the layers of the skin

Answer 67

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

Question 68

Describe the functions of the skin

Answer 68

Protection, body temperature regulation, vitamin D production

Question 69

What is keratin?

Answer 69

Proteins that compose hair and toughen skin

Question 70

What are melanocytes?

Answer 70

Glands that produce melanin

Question 71

Define albinism

Answer 71

No melanin production from genetic condition

Question 72

What is the primary function of hair?

Answer 72

Protection

Question 73

Which of the following physiological processes are regulated by a positive or negative feedback system?

Answer 73

body temperature, >childbirth<, blood pressure, carbon dioxide content in the blood

Question 74

Know the body cavities

Answer 74

Dorsal (Cranial, Spinal), Ventral (Thoracic, Abdominal, Pelvic)

Question 75

Building blocks of amino acids

Answer 75

R group, amine, hydrogen

Question 76

Most important energy producing molecule in the body

Answer 76

ATP

Question 77

pH scale 0-14…acid, base, neutral

Answer 77

Acid 0-7, Neutral 7, Base 7-14

Question 78

pH of Blood

Answer 78

7.35 - 7.45

Question 79

The basic functional unit of life

Answer 79

Cell

Question 80

The structure of nucleotides

Answer 80

Base, Sugar, Phosphate

Question 81

Nucleotides

Answer 81

T/U, A, G, C