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Block 2_Anatomy > Anatomy Lecture 35_Lumbosacral Plexus & Lower Limb Overview > Flashcards

Anatomy Lecture 35_Lumbosacral Plexus & Lower Limb Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 tarsal bones of the foot?

A
  • Talus
  • Calcaneus
  • Cuboid
  • Navicular
  • 1st/medial
  • 2nd/intermediate
  • 3rd/lateral
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2
Q

What is unique about Subcutaneous superficial fascia around the knee and ankle

A

loses fat & joins deep fascia

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3
Q

What are the three primary purposes of Deep fascia

A

• Strong investing fascia
• Limits outward expansion of contracting muscles
• Contractions compress veins (skeletal muscular
pumps)

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4
Q

What are Varicose Veins and what causes it?

A

It is when valves in the veins function improperly and allows blood to flow inferiorly. It is caused by Loose fascia that fails to resist muscle expansion

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5
Q

What is the name of the deep facia in the thigh?

A

Fascia Lata

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6
Q

What is the name of the deep facia in the leg?

A

Crural Fascia

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7
Q

What forms the Iliotibial tract (IT band)

A

Shared aponeurosis of tensor fascia latae & gluteus maximus

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8
Q

What is the function of the liotibial tract

A

Helps hold leg in extension, stabilize hip joint (prevent lateral displacement of proximal femur)

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9
Q

What are the 4 major regions of the lower limb?

A
  • Gluteal (buttocks)
  • Femoral (thigh)
  • Crural (leg)
  • Pedal (foot)
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10
Q

What are the 8 muscles of the gluteal region?

A
  • Gluteus maximus
  • Gluteus medius
  • Gluteus minimus
  • Tensor fascia lata
  • Piriformis
  • Gemelli (Superior & Inferior)
  • Obturator internus
  • Quadratus femoris
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11
Q

What are the 6 muscles of the Anterior Compartment of the Thigh

A
  • Quadriceps femoris
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus medialis
  • Vastus lateralis
  • Vastus intermedius
  • Sartorius
  • Iliopsoas
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12
Q

What are the motions of the Anterior Compartment of the Thigh

A

Flexion of hip & Extension of knee

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13
Q

What nerve innervates the Anterior Compartment of the Thigh?

A

Femoral n.

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14
Q

What are the 6 muscles of the Medial Compartment of the Thigh

A
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor longus
  • Adductor brevis
  • Adductor magnus
  • Gracilis
  • Obturator externus
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15
Q

What is the motion of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Hip adduction

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16
Q

What nerve innervates the medial Compartment of the Thigh?

A

Obturator n.

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17
Q

What are the three muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A
  • Hamstrings
  • Biceps femoris
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
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18
Q

What is the motion of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Knee flexors, Hip Extensors

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19
Q

What nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Tibial n.

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20
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor hallucis longus
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Fibularis tertius
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21
Q

What is the motion of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Dorsiflexion, extend digits

22
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular n.

23
Q

What are the two muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A
  • Fibularis longus

* Fibularis brevis

24
Q

What is the motion of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Eversion

25
Q

What nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial fibular n.

26
Q

What are the three muscels of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Plantaris
27
Q

What are the four muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg

A
  • Tibialis posterior
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Flexor hallucis longus
  • Popliteus
28
Q

What are the motions of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Plantarflexion, flexes digits

29
Q

What nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial n.

30
Q

What are the 6 main branches of the lumbar plexus, what level do the arise from, and what are their positions in the body

A
  • Iliohypogastric n. (L1) - lateral to the psoas major and superior to the ilio inguinal
  • Ilio-inguinal (L1) - lateral to the psoas major and inferior to the iliohypogastric
  • Genitofemoral (L1-L2) - exits through the psoas major
  • Lateral femoral cutaneous n. (L2-L3) - Lateral to the psoas major and inferior to both ilio nerves (below the iliac crest
  • Obturator n. (L2-L4) - deep along the edge of the obterator foreman
  • Femoral n. (L2-L4) - exits between the iliacus and psoas major toward the botom of the pelvis
31
Q

What does the Iliohypogastric (L1) innervate?

A
  • Skin over anterolateral hip

* Muscular branches to Internal obliques & transverse abdominis

32
Q

What does the Ilio-inguinal (L1) innervate?

A
  • Skin of anterior scrotum, labia major, anteromedial thigh

* Muscular branches to Internal obliques & transverse abdominis

33
Q

What does the Genitofemoral (L1-L2) innervate?

A
  • Genital branch: cremaster muscle

* Femoral branch: skin over femoral triangle

34
Q

What does the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous (L2-L3) innervate?

A

• Skin on anterolateral thigh

35
Q

What does the Obturator Nerve (L2-L4) innervate?

A
  • Muscular branch to obturator externus

* Medial compartment of thigh

36
Q

What does the Femoral Nerve (L2-L4), there is a lot

A 
• Muscular branch to Iliacus (L2-L4),
• (Psoas major- direct branches of
L2-L4)
• Part of pectineus
• All of anterior compartment of thigh
• Anterior cutaneous branches
(anterolateral thigh)
• Saphenous n.- medial leg
37
Q

What does the Superior Gluteal nerve (L4-S1) innervate (3.5 things)?

A
  • Gluteus medius
  • Gluteus minimus
  • Tensor fascia latae
  • No cutaneous branches
38
Q

What does the Inferior Gluteal nerve (L5-S2) innervate (1.5 things)

A
  • Gluteus maximus

* No cutaneous branches

39
Q

What does the Posterior Femoral Cutaneous nerve (S1-S3) innervate (1.5 things)?

A

• No motor branches
• Skin to posterior buttocks & thigh
(• Inferior clunial nn.
• Perineal branches)

40
Q

What is uniques about the Superior & Middle Clunial Nerves?

A

They are not part of the sacral plexus. They are pposterior rami of L1 to L3 and S1 to S3 respectivly

41
Q

What are the 3 Direct Muscular Branches? What is unique about them?

A
  • N. to piriformis (S1-S2) - Piriformis
  • N. to obturator internus (L5-S2)- Obturator internus & Superior gemellus
  • N. to quadratus femoris (L4-S1)- Quadratus femoris & Inferior gemellus

They have no cutanious innervation

42
Q

What are the two branches of the Sciatic Nerve?

A
  • Tibial n. (L4-S3)

* Common fibular n. (L4-S2)

43
Q

What muscles does the Tibial n. (L4-S3) innervate?

A

• Muscles in posterior compartment
of thighs (except biceps femorisshort
head), leg & medial part of
adductor magnus

44
Q

What cutaneous region does the tibial nerve innervate?

A

• Cutaneous n. to sural region &

plantar surface of foot

45
Q

What cutaneous innervation does the Superficial fibular n give?

A

• Lateral sural cutaneous n. (lateral
leg)
• Medial & intermediate dorsal
cutaneous nn. (dorsum)

46
Q

What cutaneous innervation does the deep fibular n give?

A
  • Lateral cutaneous n. of big toe

* Medial cutaneous n. of 2nd toe

47
Q

The tibial nerve gives tise to what two nerves in the foot, what are these nerves function?

A

Medial Planter nerve - medial intrinsic muscles in the sole of the foot and cutanous innervation of the forst 3.5 digits
Lateral Planter Nerve - Lateral inntinsic muscles of the foot and lateral 1.5 digits

48
Q

What are the regions of dermatomal testing for L1-S5

A
  • Inguinal ligament (L1)
  • Upper thigh (L2)
  • Medial knee (L3)
  • Medial malleolus (L4)
  • Between digits 1& 2 (L5)
  • Heel (S1)
  • Popliteal fossa (S2)
  • Gluteal (S3)
  • Perineum (S4-S5)
49
Q

Which 4 nerves are off of posterior divisions of the sacral plexus?

A

Superior gluteal (L4-S1)
Inferior gluteal (L5-S2)
N to piriformas (S1-S2)
Common fibular part of siatic nerve (L4-S2)

50
Q

Which 5 nerves are off the anterior division of the sacral plexus?

A 
N to obturator internus (L5-S1)
N to quadratus femoris (L4-S1)
N to Levator ani (S3-S4)
Tibial portion of siatic nerve (L4-S3)
Pudendal nerve (S2-S4)
51
Q

What are the two mixed sacral nerves?

A 
Siatic nerve (sort of) - L4-S3
Posterior Femoral Cutaneous (S1-S3)

Block 2_Anatomy (14 decks)

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