Anatomy Lecture 28 & 29_The Pelvis & Perineum Flashcards
What are the three bones that make up the pelvis?
The ilium, the ischim, and the pubis
Where is the Acetabulum
It is the union of the three bones of the pelvis where the femur inserts
Where is the obturator foramen?
It the the foramen formed by the fusion of the ischim and the pubis
Where is the greater sciatic
It the the major indentation in the posterior ilium
Where is the lesser sciatic notch?
it is the indentation in the posterior ischim
What is the easiest way to distinguish a male pelvis from a femal pelvis?
Look at the angle between the pubis bones. In males it will be 90 degrees or less. In females it will be 100 degrees or more.
What are the 4 joints of the pelvis?
- Sacro-iliac
- Pubic symphysis
- Lumbosacral
- Sacrococcygeal
What are the 4 lumbo-sacral-pelvic ligaments? Where do they attach
- Anterior & Posterior Sacro-iliac
- Iliolumbar
- Sacrotuberous
- Sacrospinous
What four points define the perinium?
Pubic symphisis, left and right ischial tuberosities, sacrum
Where is the urogenital triangle
it is the triangle of the perinium anterior of the line between ischial tuberosities,
Where is the anal triangle
It is the triangle of the perinium posterior of the line between the ischial tuberosities
Where is the Perineal Membrane and what does it do?
The perineal membrane is located within the urogenital triangle. It anchors the roots of the external genitalia and acts as a boundary between superficial & deep pouch
What are the two layers of Subcutaneous Perineal fascia? What are their analogs in abdominal fascia? What is the deep fascia?
- Superficial Fatty layer (camper’s fascia)
- Deep Membranous layer (Scarpe’s fascia)
The deep fascia is the Deep Perineal fascia (it is an investing fascia
Where is the Superficial Fatty Layer of Subcutaneous Fascia in men and women in the urogenital and anal triangles?
In women it is continiouse to the labia majorum within the urogenital triangle, but absent in men.
It is continious within the anal triangle in both sexes
Where is the Superficial Membranous Layer of Subcutaneous Fascia (Colle’s) in men and women in the urogenital and anal triangles?
It is present in both men and women in the urogenital triangle. It forms the dartos muscle in men. It is absent from the anal triangle in both men and women because it fuses to the posterior edge of the perineal membrane
Which bounderies define the Superficial Perineal Pouch
It is bunded by the perineal fascia (what was scarpe’s fascia in the abdomen) and the perineal membrane.
What defines the Deep Perineal Pouch?
Perineal membrane & inferior pelvic diaphragm fascia
What are the three superficial perineal muscles and where do they attach?
- Superficial transverse perineal (ischium tuberosity to perineal body)
- Ischiocavernosus (ischial tuberosity to pubic symphisis)
- Bulbospongiosus (pubic symphisis to perineal body)
What does the Bulbospongiosus muscle do?
it contracts and inhibits venous return thus causing an erection
What is the path of a sperm as it leaves a testi?
1) formed in the Seminiferous tubules
2) Enters the straight tubules
3) goes to the Rete testis (mediastium of the testies)
4) goes to an Efferent ductule
5) goes to the Epididymis
What is Hydrocele
serous fluid within cavity of tunica vaginalis &/
or spermatic cord. It leads to a big fluid filed scrotum
What is a Hematocele How is it distinguished from a Hydrocele?
It is the accumulation of blood (often from a straddle injury) within the tunica vaginalis. It looks like a hydrocele but can be distinguished with transillumination
What is a Varicocele?
It is vericosis of the testicular veins. It typically only occures on the left side because the left testicular vein flows into the left renal vein instead of the IVC (likethe right testicular vein). IT is easier to get increased pressure in on the left side.
What are the two structures that run under the superior mesinteric artery and in front of the abdominal aorta?
The duodenum and the left renal vein
