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3 - Nervous System > Anatomy - Lab 6 > Flashcards

Anatomy - Lab 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three major types of fibre systems in the brain.

A

Commissural fibres - link regions of cortex in different cerebral hemispheres (e.g. corpus callosum)
Association fibres - link related regions of cortex within a single cerebral hemisphere (e.g. superior longitudinal fasciculus)
Projection fibres - link cortex with subcortical areas of CNS (e.g. internal capsule)

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2
Q

What does the superior longitudinal fasciculus link?

A

Frontal, parieto-occipital and temporal lobes

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3
Q

List association fibres.

A

Superior longitudinal fasciculus
Arcuate fasciculus
Uncinate fasciulus

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4
Q

What does the arcuate fasciculus join?

A

Joins frontal and temporal lobes

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5
Q

What does the uncinate fasciculus join?

A

Basal part of frontal lobe to anterior part of temporal lobe

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6
Q

What joins the areas of language (Brocas and Wernickes area)

A

Arcuate fasciculus

Arcuate loops also join adjacent gyri

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7
Q

What forms the lentiform nucleus?

A 
Globus pallidus (more medial, lighter) 
Putamen (darker)
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8
Q

What separates the external capsule and extreme capsule?

A

Claustrum (thin layer of gray matter)

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9
Q

What lies directly next to the lateral ventricle?

A

Caudate nucleus

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10
Q

What lies next to the caudate nucleus?

A

Interal capsule

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11
Q

What is the corona radiata made of?

A

Projection fibres

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12
Q

What does the corona radiata connect?

A

Internal capsule to cortex

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13
Q

Name the structures found from lateral to medial, starting with the insular cortex.

A

Insular cortex - extreme capsule - claustrum - external capsule - putamen (lateral) - globus pallidus (medial) – internal capsule - caudate nucleus - lateral ventricle

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14
Q

In a horizontal section of the internal capsule, how do we tell the difference between the anterior and posterior limb?

A

Anterior limb is between the caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus
Posterior limb has fibres between the thalamus and lentiform nucleus

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15
Q

What is important to note about the coronal section of the internal capsule?

A

ONLY ONE LIMB IS SHOWN

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16
Q

Name the major fibres running within the anterior limb of the internal capsule.

A

Anterior thalamic radiation/fronto-pontine and fronto-striate fibres

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17
Q

What major fibres run in the genu of the internal capsule?

A

Corticobulbar fibres (motor to cranial nerve nuclei, sensory input from face)

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18
Q

What major fibres run in the posterior limb of the internal capsule?

A

Major motor (corticospinal) and sensor projections relating to body

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19
Q

What is the function of the sublenticular part?

A

Auditory projection

20
Q

What is the function of the retrolenticular part?

A

Visual projection

21
Q

What is the most common single site of CVA (stroke)?

A

Posterior limb
Genu and posterior limb carry motor fibres to the head (genu) and body (posterior limb)
Major sensory projection from head and body also run in posterior limb
Small lesion in posterior limb of internal capsule gives mixed loss of motor and sensory functions

22
Q

What nucleus is found in the sublenticular (auditory region)

A

Medial geniculate nucleus

23
Q

What nucleus is found in the retrolenticular region (visual)?

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus

24
Q

What blood vessels supply the internal capsule?

A

Central arteries

25
Q

Where do the blood vessels (central arteries) arise from?

A

Circle of Willis and base of MCA

26
Q

Name the two groups of the central arteries.

A

Lateral striate arteries

Medial striate arteries

27
Q

What are the lateral striate arteries composed of and what do they supply?

A

Initial segment of MCA and penetrate deep into the brain (anterior perforated substance)
Supply posterior limb of internal capsule and nuclei of striatum

28
Q

Where do the medial striate arteries arise from and what do they supply?

A

Arise from the base of the anterior cerebral artery

Supply anterior limb of internal capsule

29
Q

Which group of central arteries are at risk of common sites of stroke?

A

Lateral striate arteries - small diameter and tortuous paths = blocked by emboli

30
Q

What is the fornix?

A

Fibre bundle carrying information from the hippocampus to the hypothalamus
Part of limbic system

31
Q

What is the function of the hippocampus and hypothalamus?

A

Hippocampus involved in memory

Hypothalamus involved in control of endocrine and autonomic functions

32
Q

Describe the layout of the fornix.

A

Columns of fornix (anterior) run inferiorly to mamillary body of same side
Columns then run inferiorly and join to form the body of the fornix (lies above roof of third ventricle)
Fornix divides again to form the crura (crus) of the fornix which curve around and down into the floor of the inferior horn
Fornix arises from medial aspect of hippocampus as fimbria (fibres on surface of hippocampus)

33
Q

Where does the hippocampus lie?

A

Floor of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle

34
Q

What is the most anterior region of the hypothalamus called?

A

Pes (broad and ridged surface)

35
Q

What is the surface of the hippocampus covered by?

A

Smooth white layer of hippocampal efferent nerve fibres which run into fimbria of fornix

36
Q

What is the fimbria of the fornix?

A

Efferent fibres coming out from cells located in the hippocampus

37
Q

Where is the choroid plexus found in the lateral ventricle?

A

Body and inferior horn

38
Q

Where does the amygdaloid nucleus lie?

A

Beyond the anterior limit of the inferior horn of the ventricle, deep to the uncus (hook shape on ventral surface of temporal lobe)

39
Q

What is the function of the amygdala?

A

Strong primitive emotions e.g. anger and anxiety

Belongs to limbic system

40
Q

What cortical regions associated with speech are likely to be connected with each other via long association fibres?

A

Broca’s and Wernicke’s Areas

41
Q

What bundle of commissural fibres connects the two temporal lobes?

A

Anterior commissure

42
Q

Where are the commissural fibres that connect between the two occipital lobes?

A

In the splenium (posterior part) of the corpus callosum

43
Q

What parts of the striatum are almost completely separated from each other by the internal capsule?

A

The head of the caudate nucleus and putamen are almost completely separated by the anterior limb of the internal capsule

44
Q

What part of the striatum bulges into the lateral ventricle?

A

The head of the caudate nucleus bulges into the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle

45
Q

What cortical region bulges into the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle?

A

Hippocampus

3 - Nervous System (29 decks)

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