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3 - Nervous System > Anatomy - Lab 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy - Lab 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 5 layers of the scalp.

A 
Skin 
Connective Tissue (Dense) 
Aponeurosis (of scalp muscles) 
Loose connective tissue
Periosteum (adhered to bone)
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2
Q

What is the structure of the cranium?

A

Tabular structure - made of separate tables of bone
Thick outer compact layer (outer table)
Spongy bone in middle (dipole)
Thinner inner layer of compact bone (inner table)

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3
Q

Where is the cranium the thinnest?

A

Temporal region

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4
Q

Where is the cranium the thickets?

A

Frontal and occipital regions

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5
Q

Name the internal markings of the skull cap.

A

Middle meningeal artery
Superior saggital sinus
Arachnoid granulations

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6
Q

What does the middle meningeal artery supply?

A

Dura and cranium

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7
Q

Where does the superior sagittal sinus lie and what does it drain?

A

Between the periosteal and meningeal layers
Lies along superior margin of falx cerebri
Drains venous blood

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8
Q

What is the function of the arachnoid granulations?

A

Drain CSF from subarachnoid space into venous sinuses

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9
Q

What is the fissure called which lies between hemispheres?

A

Longitudinal fissure

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10
Q

What is the name of the dura running down between hemispheres?

A

Falx cerebri

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11
Q

What is the extradural space?

A

Space between bone and dura mater

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12
Q

What is the cause of an extradural haematoma?

A

Rupture of middle meningeal arteries

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13
Q

What is the dura mater?

A

Tough white membrane of FCT

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14
Q

What is the outer layer of the dura mater?

A

Periosteal layer

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15
Q

What does the periosteal layer of the dura mater contain?

A

Meningeal blood vessels

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16
Q

What is the inner layer of the dura mater?

A

Meningeal layer

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17
Q

What is the function of the meningeal layer?

A

Creates dural folds which prevent excessive movement of brain (e.g. falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebeli)

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18
Q

Where are the venous sinuses found?

A

Between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura (e.g. superior saggital sinus)

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19
Q

What is the arachnoid mater?

A

A fine, translucent membrane
Contains no blood vessels
Lines the dura
Connected to pia by fine strands of connective tissue

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20
Q

What does the subarachnoid space contain?

A

CSF

21
Q

What is a SAH?

A

Bleeding in the sub-arachnoid space = blood in CSF

22
Q

What does the pia mater contain?

A

Blood vessels

Extends down into sulci of hemispheres

23
Q

Name the layers to the brain.

A 
SCALP layers
Cranium 
Extradural space
Dura Mater
Venous sinuses
Subdural space
Arachnoid Mater
Subarachnoid Space
Pia Mater
24
Q

What is the cortex (grey matter) made of?

A

Cell bodies

25
Q

What is the internal capsule made of?

A

White matter (nerve fibres)

26
Q

Name the large nuclei (made of cell bodies) near the internal capsule and their functions.

A

Caudate nucleus - control of movement
Thalamus - major relay station of incoming sensory info
Lentiform nucleus - control of movement

27
Q

Where does the third ventricle lie?

A

Between two thalami

28
Q

Where is the lateral ventricle found?

A

Anterior horn lies medial to caudate nucleus

Posterior horn more in occipital region

29
Q

What are the veins called which are found on the surface of the hemipshere?

A

Cerebral veins

30
Q

What are bridging veins?

A

Pass from hemisphere and enter superior saggital sinus

31
Q

What does a rupture of a bridging vein cause?

A

Subdural haematoma

32
Q

What are arachnoid granulations made of?

A

Collections of arachnoid villi

33
Q

What lies between the superior sagittal sulcus and inferior sagittal sulcus?

A

Falx cerebri

34
Q

Where is the central sulcus found?

A

Between the frontal and parietal lobes

35
Q

Where is the lateral sulcus found?

A

On the side - between the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes

36
Q

Which fissure separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?

A

Transverse fissure

37
Q

Which fissure separates the two hemispheres?

A

Longitudinal fissure

38
Q

What does the mastoid process look like and where is it?

A

Temporal bone - pointy, posterior bit

39
Q

Where is the glabella found?

A

Between the eyebrows

40
Q

Name the sutures and their locations.

A

Coronal - separating frontal and parietal bones
Sagittal - separating two parietal bones
Squamous - separating parietal and temporal bone
Lambdoid - separating occipital and parietal bones

41
Q

Name the two fontanelles.

A

Frontal and occipital

42
Q

What is a fontanelle?

A

Soft parts on infants head where the bony plates have not yet come together

43
Q

What is bregma?

A

The intersection of the coronal and sagittal suture

44
Q

What is lambda?

A

The intersection of the sagittal and lambdoid suture

45
Q

Which lobe lies in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Frontal lobe

46
Q

What lies in the middle cranial fossa?

A

Temporal lobe

47
Q

What lies in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Cerebellum and brainstem

48
Q

Name the locations of haematomas and the affected vessels.

A

Extra/epidural haematoma - middle meningeal arteries ruptured
Subdural haematoma - bridging veins

3 - Nervous System (29 decks)

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