Anatomy - Lab 1

Question 1

Name the 5 layers of the scalp.

Answer 1

Skin 
Connective Tissue (Dense) 
Aponeurosis (of scalp muscles) 
Loose connective tissue
Periosteum (adhered to bone)

Question 2

What is the structure of the cranium?

Answer 2

Tabular structure - made of separate tables of bone
Thick outer compact layer (outer table)
Spongy bone in middle (dipole)
Thinner inner layer of compact bone (inner table)

Question 3

Where is the cranium the thinnest?

Answer 3

Temporal region

Question 4

Where is the cranium the thickets?

Answer 4

Frontal and occipital regions

Question 5

Name the internal markings of the skull cap.

Answer 5

Middle meningeal artery
Superior saggital sinus
Arachnoid granulations

Question 6

What does the middle meningeal artery supply?

Answer 6

Dura and cranium

Question 7

Where does the superior sagittal sinus lie and what does it drain?

Answer 7

Between the periosteal and meningeal layers
Lies along superior margin of falx cerebri
Drains venous blood

Question 8

What is the function of the arachnoid granulations?

Answer 8

Drain CSF from subarachnoid space into venous sinuses

Question 9

What is the fissure called which lies between hemispheres?

Answer 9

Longitudinal fissure

Question 10

What is the name of the dura running down between hemispheres?

Answer 10

Falx cerebri

Question 11

What is the extradural space?

Answer 11

Space between bone and dura mater

Question 12

What is the cause of an extradural haematoma?

Answer 12

Rupture of middle meningeal arteries

Question 13

What is the dura mater?

Answer 13

Tough white membrane of FCT

Question 14

What is the outer layer of the dura mater?

Answer 14

Periosteal layer

Question 15

What does the periosteal layer of the dura mater contain?

Answer 15

Meningeal blood vessels

Question 16

What is the inner layer of the dura mater?

Answer 16

Meningeal layer

Question 17

What is the function of the meningeal layer?

Answer 17

Creates dural folds which prevent excessive movement of brain (e.g. falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebeli)

Question 18

Where are the venous sinuses found?

Answer 18

Between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura (e.g. superior saggital sinus)

Question 19

What is the arachnoid mater?

Answer 19

A fine, translucent membrane
Contains no blood vessels
Lines the dura
Connected to pia by fine strands of connective tissue

Question 20

What does the subarachnoid space contain?

Answer 20

CSF

Question 21

What is a SAH?

Answer 21

Bleeding in the sub-arachnoid space = blood in CSF

Question 22

What does the pia mater contain?

Answer 22

Blood vessels

Extends down into sulci of hemispheres

Question 23

Name the layers to the brain.

Answer 23

SCALP layers
Cranium 
Extradural space
Dura Mater
Venous sinuses
Subdural space
Arachnoid Mater
Subarachnoid Space
Pia Mater

Question 24

What is the cortex (grey matter) made of?

Answer 24

Cell bodies

Question 25

What is the internal capsule made of?

Answer 25

White matter (nerve fibres)

Question 26

Name the large nuclei (made of cell bodies) near the internal capsule and their functions.

Answer 26

Caudate nucleus - control of movement Thalamus - major relay station of incoming sensory info Lentiform nucleus - control of movement

Question 27

Where does the third ventricle lie?

Answer 27

Between two thalami

Question 28

Where is the lateral ventricle found?

Answer 28

Anterior horn lies medial to caudate nucleus | Posterior horn more in occipital region

Question 29

What are the veins called which are found on the surface of the hemipshere?

Answer 29

Cerebral veins

Question 30

What are bridging veins?

Answer 30

Pass from hemisphere and enter superior saggital sinus

Question 31

What does a rupture of a bridging vein cause?

Answer 31

Subdural haematoma

Question 32

What are arachnoid granulations made of?

Answer 32

Collections of arachnoid villi

Question 33

What lies between the superior sagittal sulcus and inferior sagittal sulcus?

Answer 33

Falx cerebri

Question 34

Where is the central sulcus found?

Answer 34

Between the frontal and parietal lobes

Question 35

Where is the lateral sulcus found?

Answer 35

On the side - between the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes

Question 36

Which fissure separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?

Answer 36

Transverse fissure

Question 37

Which fissure separates the two hemispheres?

Answer 37

Longitudinal fissure

Question 38

What does the mastoid process look like and where is it?

Answer 38

Temporal bone - pointy, posterior bit

Question 39

Where is the glabella found?

Answer 39

Between the eyebrows

Question 40

Name the sutures and their locations.

Answer 40

Coronal - separating frontal and parietal bones Sagittal - separating two parietal bones Squamous - separating parietal and temporal bone Lambdoid - separating occipital and parietal bones

Question 41

Name the two fontanelles.

Answer 41

Frontal and occipital

Question 42

What is a fontanelle?

Answer 42

Soft parts on infants head where the bony plates have not yet come together

Question 43

What is bregma?

Answer 43

The intersection of the coronal and sagittal suture

Question 44

What is lambda?

Answer 44

The intersection of the sagittal and lambdoid suture

Question 45

Which lobe lies in the anterior cranial fossa?

Answer 45

Frontal lobe

Question 46

What lies in the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 46

Temporal lobe

Question 47

What lies in the posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 47

Cerebellum and brainstem

Question 48

Name the locations of haematomas and the affected vessels.

Answer 48

Extra/epidural haematoma - middle meningeal arteries ruptured Subdural haematoma - bridging veins