Anatomy L1 and L2 Flashcards
Name the two major parts of the head.
Cranium and facial skeleton
How many bones make up the cranium?
8 bones
Name the bones making up the cranium.
Frontal (1) Parietal (2) Temporal (2) Occipital Ethmoid Sphenoid
Name the sutures of the skull and where they are found.
Coronal - between frontal and parietal bones
Sagittal - between parietal bones
Lambdoid - between parietal and occipital
Squamous - between temporal bone and parietal bone
What are the names of the two joints in the skull?
Bregma - joint between coronal and sagittal sutures
Lambda - joint between the sagittal and lambdoid sutures
What are fontanelles?
Unfused bone in infant’s cranium - allows for growth of brain to full size
Name the fontanelles.
Anterior (frontal) fontanelle
Posterior (occipital) fontanelle
Name the 5 layers of the scalp.
S - skin C - connective tissue (dense) A - aponeuroses (of scalp muscles) L - loose connective tissue P - periosteum
What is the sella turcica?
Bony depression in the sphenoid bone
Contains the hypophyseal fossa/pituitary fossa (contains the pituitary gland)
What part of the temporal bone is very thick/pyramid shaped?
Petrous part (pyramid shaped along the ridge)
What is the name of the big hole in the cranium?
Foramen magnum
Name the major divisions of the brain and what they consist of.
Forebrain - cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon (interbrain - thalamus and hypothalamus)
Brainstem - midbrain, pons and medulla
Cerebellum
Hindbrain - pons, medulla and cerebellum
Which brain contains 50% of neurons?
Small brain
.What is the front of the cerebrum called?
Anterior (rostral)
What is the back part of the cerebrum called?
Posterior (caudal)
What is the top of the cerebrum called?
Superior (Dorsal)
What is the bottom part of the cerebrum called?
Inferior (ventral)
Describe the orientation of the brainstem.
At an angle along the brainstem Superior (rostral) Posterior (dorsal) - near the cerebellum Anterior (ventral) Inferior (caudal)
What are gyri and sulci and what are their function?
Gyri = ridges
Sulci = valleys
Both present to increase the SA of the brain in order to accommodate more neurons.
What is the fissure called that’s found at the back of the brain?
Median longitudinal fissure
Name the 5 lobes of the cerebrum.
Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital Insular
Central sulcus
Separates frontal lobe from parietal lobe of cerebellum
Lateral Sulcus
Separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe and temporal lobe
What separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?
Transverse fissure