Anatomy Lab 2

Question 1

Which lobe does the anterior cranial fossa contain?

Answer 1

Frontal lobe

Question 2

What is the crista galli?

Answer 2

Point of attachment for the falx cerebri

Question 3

Where does cranial nerve I (oflactory) nerve enter?

Answer 3

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 4

Where does cranial nerve II enter?

Answer 4

Optic canal (small holes below cribriform plate

Question 5

What exits via the superior orbital fissue?

Answer 5

Cranial nerve 3, 4 and 6

Question 6

What enters via the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 6

V1 (opthalamic)

Question 7

What enters via the foramen rotundum?

Answer 7

V2

Question 8

What enters via the foramen ovale?

Answer 8

V3

Question 9

What travels via the foramen spinosum?

Answer 9

Middle meningeal artery

Question 10

Describe where the divisions of the trigeminal nerve enter.

Answer 10

V1 - superior orbital fissure
V2 - foramen rotundum
V3 - foramen ovale

Question 11

What is the foramen magnum function?

Answer 11

Passage of medulla, vertebral arteries and spinal roots of XI

Question 12

What exits the jugular foramen?

Answer 12

Internal jugular vein, cranial nerves IX, X and XI

Question 13

Which cranial nerves travel via the internal auditory meatus?

Answer 13

7 and 8

Question 14

What travels in the hypoglossal canal?

Answer 14

Cranial nerve 8

Question 15

Superior sagittal sinus

Answer 15

Of the cranial vault (pits formed by arachnoid granulations)

Question 16

Transverse sinuses

Answer 16

Run transversely to where tentorium attached to occipital bone

Question 17

Sigmoid sinus

Answer 17

Drains transverse sinus down into internal jugular vein

Question 18

Confluence of the sinuses

Answer 18

Where the straight sinus and superior sagittal sinus drain into the transverse sinus

Question 19

Cavernous sinuses

Answer 19

Blood spaces on either side of pituitary fossa enclosed by dura
Blood from inferior parts of brain drains here

Question 20

Superior petrosal sinus

Answer 20

Runs along superior border of petrosal part of temporal bone

Connects the cavernous sinuses to the transverse sinuses

Question 21

Inferior petrosal sinus

Answer 21

drains the cavernous sinus into the IJV

Question 22

What is the tentorial incisure/notch?

Answer 22

Gap in the tentorium through which the brainstem passes in order to connect to the cerebral hemispheres

Question 23

What structures pass through the tentorial incisure/notch?

Answer 23

Midbrain of the brainstem
Posterior cerebral artery
Third cranial nerve - oculomotor

Question 24

Which specific part of the cortex lies just above the tentorium and is therefore most likely to herniate through the tentorial incisure?

Answer 24

Medial part of temporal lobe - the uncus (olfactory sensation is in this area)

Question 25

List the major divisions of the brain

Answer 25

Cerebrum: L+R hemispheres Diencephalon: core of cerebral hemispheres (thalamus) Brainstem: midbrain, pons, medulla Cerebellum: 2 cerebellar hemispheres

Question 26

What does the ICA give off?

Answer 26

Anterior cerebral arteries (connected by the anterior communicating artery) Middle cerebral artery

Question 27

What does the ACA supply?

Answer 27

Medial aspect of hemispheres - anterior 2/3rds

Question 28

What does the MCA supply?

Answer 28

Almost all of the lateral surfaces of the hemispheres

Question 29

What forms the posterior cerebral arteries?

Answer 29

Vertebral arteries join to form the basilar artery | Basilar artery divides at the level of the pons/midbrain junction to form the PCAs

Question 30

What do the PCA supple?

Answer 30

Supply the medial aspect of the posterior 1/3rds of the hemispheres

Question 31

Between which layers of the meninges is bleeding likely to occur if a vessel in the cerebral arterial circle of Willis is torn?

Answer 31

Blood will enter the subarachnoid space and be found in the CSF

Question 32

Which cranial nerve is most likely to be damaged by a tumour growing in the pituitary fossa?

Answer 32

Optic nerve - lies in the chiasma immediately above the fossa

Question 33

Give two possible effects of a fracture of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone.

Answer 33

Anosmia - loss of smell due to tearing of the tiny bundles of olfactory nerves passing from nose to olfactory bulb Rhinorrhea - loss of CSF through the nose due to tearing of the meninges overlying the fracture Meningitis may occur if infection invades at this site

Question 34

Patient cannot close their left eye properly and dribbles from left corner of mouth - which cranial nerve?

Answer 34

Damage to facial nerve causing paralysis of muscles around the eye (orbicularis oculi) and around the mouth (orbicularis oris)

Question 35

Patient cannot blink or flinch when a tissue is touched to the eye - which cranial nerve is damaged?

Answer 35

Sensation in the whole face, including the eye, is through the trigeminal nerve (V) The nerve affected here would be the ophthalmic division (V1)

Question 36

Infarct of a cerebral artery has destroyed most of the inferior part of the temporal lobe (affecting memory). What major cerebral artery is most likely to be involved?

Answer 36

PCA

Question 37

What part of the ventricular system opens directly into the subarachnoid space?

Answer 37

Fourth ventricle via its lateral and medial aperture

Question 38

Where does cranial nerve III originate?

Answer 38

Junction of midbrain and pons

Question 39

Which nerve originates on the dorsal surface of the midbrain?

Answer 39

Trochlear - nerve 4

Question 40

Which nerve is the only one to arise from the pons?

Answer 40

Cranial nerve 5

Question 41

Which nerves arise at the ponto-medullary junction?

Answer 41

6, 7, 8

Question 42

Where does the olfactory nerve run?

Answer 42

In the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone before synapsing in the olfactory bulb

Question 43

Where does the optic nerve run?

Answer 43

Enters via the optic canal | Anterior to pituitary fossa

Question 44

Which nerves lie in the cavernous sinus?

Answer 44

3, 4, V1 and 6

Question 45

What else runs within the cavernous sinus?

Answer 45

Internal carotid artery

Question 46

Where does the trochlear nerve run?

Answer 46

Runs with free edge of the tentorium to reach cavernous sinus before exiting through the superior orbital fissure

Question 47

Where is the trigeminal ganglion found?

Answer 47

Anterior surface of petrous part of temporal bone

Question 48

Where do cranial nerves 7 and 8 exit?

Answer 48

Internal auditory meatus

Question 49

Where do cranial nerves 9, 10 and 11 leave?

Answer 49

Jugular foramen

Question 50

What travels in the hypoglossal foramen?

Answer 50

Hypoglossal nerve (12)

Question 51

What major nuclei from the lateral walls of the third ventricle?

Answer 51

Thalamus and hypothalamus