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3 - Nervous System > Anatomy Lab 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy Lab 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which lobe does the anterior cranial fossa contain?

A

Frontal lobe

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2
Q

What is the crista galli?

A

Point of attachment for the falx cerebri

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3
Q

Where does cranial nerve I (oflactory) nerve enter?

A

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

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4
Q

Where does cranial nerve II enter?

A

Optic canal (small holes below cribriform plate

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5
Q

What exits via the superior orbital fissue?

A

Cranial nerve 3, 4 and 6

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6
Q

What enters via the superior orbital fissure?

A

V1 (opthalamic)

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7
Q

What enters via the foramen rotundum?

A

V2

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8
Q

What enters via the foramen ovale?

A

V3

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9
Q

What travels via the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

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10
Q

Describe where the divisions of the trigeminal nerve enter.

A

V1 - superior orbital fissure
V2 - foramen rotundum
V3 - foramen ovale

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11
Q

What is the foramen magnum function?

A

Passage of medulla, vertebral arteries and spinal roots of XI

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12
Q

What exits the jugular foramen?

A

Internal jugular vein, cranial nerves IX, X and XI

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13
Q

Which cranial nerves travel via the internal auditory meatus?

A

7 and 8

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14
Q

What travels in the hypoglossal canal?

A

Cranial nerve 8

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15
Q

Superior sagittal sinus

A

Of the cranial vault (pits formed by arachnoid granulations)

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16
Q

Transverse sinuses

A

Run transversely to where tentorium attached to occipital bone

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17
Q

Sigmoid sinus

A

Drains transverse sinus down into internal jugular vein

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18
Q

Confluence of the sinuses

A

Where the straight sinus and superior sagittal sinus drain into the transverse sinus

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19
Q

Cavernous sinuses

A

Blood spaces on either side of pituitary fossa enclosed by dura
Blood from inferior parts of brain drains here

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20
Q

Superior petrosal sinus

A

Runs along superior border of petrosal part of temporal bone

Connects the cavernous sinuses to the transverse sinuses

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21
Q

Inferior petrosal sinus

A

drains the cavernous sinus into the IJV

22
Q

What is the tentorial incisure/notch?

A

Gap in the tentorium through which the brainstem passes in order to connect to the cerebral hemispheres

23
Q

What structures pass through the tentorial incisure/notch?

A

Midbrain of the brainstem
Posterior cerebral artery
Third cranial nerve - oculomotor

24
Q

Which specific part of the cortex lies just above the tentorium and is therefore most likely to herniate through the tentorial incisure?

A

Medial part of temporal lobe - the uncus (olfactory sensation is in this area)

25
Q

List the major divisions of the brain

A

Cerebrum: L+R hemispheres
Diencephalon: core of cerebral hemispheres (thalamus)
Brainstem: midbrain, pons, medulla
Cerebellum: 2 cerebellar hemispheres

26
Q

What does the ICA give off?

A

Anterior cerebral arteries (connected by the anterior communicating artery)
Middle cerebral artery

27
Q

What does the ACA supply?

A

Medial aspect of hemispheres - anterior 2/3rds

28
Q

What does the MCA supply?

A

Almost all of the lateral surfaces of the hemispheres

29
Q

What forms the posterior cerebral arteries?

A

Vertebral arteries join to form the basilar artery

Basilar artery divides at the level of the pons/midbrain junction to form the PCAs

30
Q

What do the PCA supple?

A

Supply the medial aspect of the posterior 1/3rds of the hemispheres

31
Q

Between which layers of the meninges is bleeding likely to occur if a vessel in the cerebral arterial circle of Willis is torn?

A

Blood will enter the subarachnoid space and be found in the CSF

32
Q

Which cranial nerve is most likely to be damaged by a tumour growing in the pituitary fossa?

A

Optic nerve - lies in the chiasma immediately above the fossa

33
Q

Give two possible effects of a fracture of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone.

A

Anosmia - loss of smell due to tearing of the tiny bundles of olfactory nerves passing from nose to olfactory bulb
Rhinorrhea - loss of CSF through the nose due to tearing of the meninges overlying the fracture
Meningitis may occur if infection invades at this site

34
Q

Patient cannot close their left eye properly and dribbles from left corner of mouth - which cranial nerve?

A

Damage to facial nerve causing paralysis of muscles around the eye (orbicularis oculi) and around the mouth (orbicularis oris)

35
Q

Patient cannot blink or flinch when a tissue is touched to the eye - which cranial nerve is damaged?

A

Sensation in the whole face, including the eye, is through the trigeminal nerve (V)
The nerve affected here would be the ophthalmic division (V1)

36
Q

Infarct of a cerebral artery has destroyed most of the inferior part of the temporal lobe (affecting memory). What major cerebral artery is most likely to be involved?

A

PCA

37
Q

What part of the ventricular system opens directly into the subarachnoid space?

A

Fourth ventricle via its lateral and medial aperture

38
Q

Where does cranial nerve III originate?

A

Junction of midbrain and pons

39
Q

Which nerve originates on the dorsal surface of the midbrain?

A

Trochlear - nerve 4

40
Q

Which nerve is the only one to arise from the pons?

A

Cranial nerve 5

41
Q

Which nerves arise at the ponto-medullary junction?

A

6, 7, 8

42
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve run?

A

In the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone before synapsing in the olfactory bulb

43
Q

Where does the optic nerve run?

A

Enters via the optic canal

Anterior to pituitary fossa

44
Q

Which nerves lie in the cavernous sinus?

A

3, 4, V1 and 6

45
Q

What else runs within the cavernous sinus?

A

Internal carotid artery

46
Q

Where does the trochlear nerve run?

A

Runs with free edge of the tentorium to reach cavernous sinus before exiting through the superior orbital fissure

47
Q

Where is the trigeminal ganglion found?

A

Anterior surface of petrous part of temporal bone

48
Q

Where do cranial nerves 7 and 8 exit?

A

Internal auditory meatus

49
Q

Where do cranial nerves 9, 10 and 11 leave?

A

Jugular foramen

50
Q

What travels in the hypoglossal foramen?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (12)

51
Q

What major nuclei from the lateral walls of the third ventricle?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

3 - Nervous System (29 decks)

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