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3 - Nervous System > Anatomy Lab - 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy Lab - 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum?

A

Vermis

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2
Q

What is the folia?

A

Ridges in the cerebellum (equivalent to gyri)

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3
Q

What is the white matter called in the cerebellum?

A

Arbor vitae

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4
Q

What is the midbrain composed of?

A

Ventrally formed of two cerebellar peduncles which join the brainstem to the cerebral hemispheres

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5
Q

What is the pons?

A

Horizontally striated basal portion of pons with middle cerebellar peduncles passing laterally to the cerebellum

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6
Q

What is found in the medulla?

A

Pyramids (long tracts lying medially) with olives (bulges lateral to the pyramids)

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7
Q

What is important to note about the open medulla?

A

It is on the dorsal side

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8
Q

Which parts of the lateral ventricle lack choroid plexus?

A

Anterior and posterior horns

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9
Q

In which ventricle does the choroid plexus protrude?

A

Lateral aperture of the 4th ventricle

Also runs very close to the 7th cranial nerve

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10
Q

Where does CSF finally enter the subarachnoid space?

A

Via the two lateral apertures and one median aperture of the fourth ventricle

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11
Q

Describe the flow of CSF within the ventricles.

A

CSF flows from lateral ventricles via interventricular foramen to 3rd ventricle
3rd ventricle via cerebral aqueduct to 4th ventricle
4th ventricle via one median aperture and 2 lateral apertures to cisterna magna
Cisterna magna into subarachnoid space
Subarachnoid space into venous sinuses

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12
Q

What are subarchnoid cisterns?

A

Enlargements of subarachnoid space filled with CSF

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13
Q

Name the subarachnoid cisterns and where they are found.

A 
Interpeduncular cistern (found between cerebral peduncles)
Cerebromedullary cistern (cisterna magna) 
Pontine cistern (anterior/ventral to pons) 
Superior cistern (above the cerebellum and midbrain)
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14
Q

Where do the archnoid granulations/villi lie?

A

Found near midline on superior aspect of hemispheres

Sites where dura and arachnoid are adherent

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15
Q

What is the function of the arachnoid villi/granulations?

A

Drain CSF to venous blood (within superior sagittal sinus)

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16
Q

What does the vertebral artery supply?

A

Lateral areas of medulla

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17
Q

What are the branches of the vertebral artery?

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Anterior spinal artery

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18
Q

What does the anterior spinal artery supply?

A

Medial medulla

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19
Q

What does the posterior inferior cerebellar artery supply?

A

Lateral medulla

Posterior/inferior cerebellum

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20
Q

What forms the basilar artery?

A

Fusion of two vertebral arteries

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21
Q

What are the branches of the basilar artery?

A

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
Pontine arteries
Superior cerebellar artery

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22
Q

What do the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries supply?

A

Supply anterior part of inferior cerebellum

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23
Q

What do the pontine arteries supply?

A

Most of the pons

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24
Q

What do the superior cerebellar arteries supply?

A

Superior aspect of cerebellum

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25
Q

Where do the posterior cerebral arteries travel?

A

Arise from basilar, curve laterally around the cerebral peduncles and give off small branches that penetrate the midbrain

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26
Q

What are the small branching arteries of the posterior cerebral artery called?

A 
Central arteries (posteromedial group) 
Arise near start of the posterior cerebrals and penetrate the midbrain in the interpeduncular region
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27
Q

What is the name given to the superior colliculus and inferior colliculus?

28
Q

Where is the superior and inferior colliculi found?

A

Superior surface of midbrain

29
Q

Where is the pineal gland found?

A

Below the splenium of the corpus callosum

30
Q

What is the superior vs inferior colliculi involved in?

A 
Superior = visual 
Inferior = auditory
31
Q

What is found on the dorsal surface of the midbrain?

A

Superior and inferior colliculi which form the roof/tectum of the midbrain

32
Q

What is the base of the peduncle called (with fibres running parallel to the long axis)

A

Crus / basis pedunculis

33
Q

What is the substantia nigra made of?

A

Strip of black pigmented neurons

34
Q

What connects the basal pons to the cerebellum?

A

Middle cerebellar peduncles

35
Q

What is the function of the gracile/cuneate tracts?

A

Carry sensation from the body

36
Q

What is the importance of the location of the gracile and cuneate tubercles?

A

Mark the position of the gracile and cuneate nuclei = where the tracts terminate and synapse

37
Q

What does the open medulla form?

A

Floor of the 4th ventricle

38
Q

What does the closed medulla look like?

A

A round tube, like the spinal cord

39
Q

What are the pyramids on the medulla made of?

A

Bundles of motor or corticospinal fibres

40
Q

What does the pyramidal decussation mark?

A

The boundary of the medulla and spinal cord

41
Q

What do the olives mark?

A

Mark the position of a major nucleus (collection of nerve cell bodies) = inferior olivary nucleus (conveys information to the cerebellum)

42
Q

Which is medial, cuneate or gracile?

43
Q

What forms the anterior part of the roof of the 4th ventricle?

A

Superior cerebellar peduncle on each side

Superior medullary velum in midline

44
Q

What forms the middle regions of the roof of the 4th ventricle?

A

Cerebellum

45
Q

What forms the posterior aspect of the roof of the 4th ventricle?

A

Inferior medullary velum (fragile membrane of pia mater and ependyma)
Ependyma lines the brain ventricles

46
Q

What lines the brain ventricles?

47
Q

Where is the choroid plexus found in the 4th ventricle?

A

Suspended from the posterior aspect of the roof

48
Q

With what cistern is the inferior part of the cerebellar vermis most closely associated?

A

Cerebellomedullary cistern (cisterna magna)

49
Q

Name the cranial nerves attached to the midbrain, pons, pontomedullary junction and medulla.

A

Midbrain - III and IV
Pons: V
Pontomedullary junction: VI, VII, VIII
Medulla: IX, X, XI (cranial root), XII

50
Q

What bathes the outer surfaces of arachnoid granulations?

A

Venous blood

51
Q

Name the openings between the ventricular system and the subarachnoid space.

A

Median and lateral apertures of the fourth ventricle

52
Q

What forms the blood-brain barrier?

A

Endothelial cells of cerebral blood vessels, which have tight junctions between them

53
Q

Arteries: most of the lateral side of the cerebral hemisphere

A

Middle cerebral artery

54
Q

Arteries: Medial surface of the hemisphere, above the corpus callosum

A

Anterior cerebral artery

55
Q

Artery: Medial aspect of the occipital lobe of the hemisphere

A

Posterior cerebral artery

56
Q

Artery: midbrain

A

Posterior cerebral arteries

57
Q

Arteries: Lateral part of the medulla

A

Vertebral artery - posterior inferior cerebellar artery

58
Q

Arteries: supplying the pons

A

Pontine arteries (branch of basilar artery)

59
Q

Arteries: cerebellum

A

Superior cerebellar artery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery

60
Q

Which cerebellar peduncle contains most of the cerebellar efferent fibres?

A

Superior cerebellar peduncle

61
Q

What is the arbor vitae?

A

Branching pattern made by white matter of cerebellum and covered by the cortex

62
Q

What divides the cerebellum into anterior and posterior lobes?

A

Primary fissure

63
Q

What do the nodule and two flocculi form?

A

Flucculonodular lobe = vestibular part of cerebellum

64
Q

List the functional divisions of the cerebellum.

A

Flucculonodular lobe = vestibulocerebellum
Vermis and intermediate zone = spinocerebellum
Lateral zone = cerebrocerebellum

65
Q

What is the deep nucleus of the cerebellum?

A

Dentate nucleus

Gives rise to most of the efferent fibres in the superior cerebellar peduncle

3 - Nervous System (29 decks)

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