Anatomy-Face Flashcards
What bones make up the facial skeleton?
Nasal bones, zygomatic bones, maxillary bones & mandible
What muscles are involved in facial expression? What are their innervations
Occipitofrontalis, platysma, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, zygomaticus major and buccinator. These are all from pharyngeal arch 2 and are innervated by CN VII.
Facial muscle used in horror or surprise?
Platysma. Depresses the lower part of the mouth.
What are the different parts of the muscle shown below? What function do these parts carry out?
Orbital part = winking. Palpebral part = involuntary blinking. Lacrimal part = drains tears.
Which muscle is the kissing muscle?
Orbicularis oris. It closes the mouth and protrudes the lips.
Which muscle is the smiling muscle?
Zygomaticus Major
What muscle is the trumpet muscle?
The buccinator. It is involved in sucking and expelling air. It is also an accessory muscle of mastication for keeping food between the teeth.
What structure pierces the buccinator?
Parotid duct, it runs deep to zygomaticus major.
What separates the divisions of CN VII as it provides motor innervation to the face?
The parotid duct separates the temporofacial division (red) and the cervicofacial division (blue).
What are the three main branches of the temporofacial division of CN VII? The three main branches of the cervicofacial division of CN VII?
1) Temporal 2) Zygomatic 3) Upper Buccal 4) Lower Buccal 5) Mandibular 6) Cervical branches.
A patient presents with drooling, inability to shut her eye, loss of blinking and loss of corneal reflex. Where is the likely lesion located in this patient?
She has lost function of the orbicularis oculi (inability to shut eye and blink), buccinator (drools), zygomaticus major (not smiling on affected side). This means the facial nerve was lesioned near the mastoid process before it branches.
Through what do each of the nerves indicated below exit through before providing sensory innervation to the face?
V1 (red) has the suprorbital nerve going through the supraorbital notch and the supratrochlear nerve going through the upper marginal orbit. V2 (green) has the infraorbital nerve going through the infraorbital foramen. V3 (blue) has the mental nerve going through the mental foramen.
Branches of the ECA that supply the face with blood.
Superficial temporal artery and facial artery. Note that the facial artery is anterior to the masseter and facial vein. Note that the superficial temporal artery ascends with the auriculotemporal nerve.
Branches of the facial artery and superficial temporal artery.
Facial: 1) Inferior labial (yellow) 2) Superior labial (green) 3) Lateral nasal (blue) and 4) Angular (white) arteries. Superficial temporal: 1) Transverse facial artery (runs superior to parotid duct)
Veins that drain the face
Facial vein & retromandibular vein
Divisions of the retromandibular vein
Superficial temporal + maxillary = Retromandibular vein. Posterior division of retromandibular + posterior auricular vein = external jugular vein. Anterior division of retromandibular + facial vein = common facial vein -> internal jugular vein.
Where is the danger region of the face due to infection?
Angular vein -> superficial and inferior ophthalmic veins -> cavernous sinus
Parts of the parotid
Superficial, isthmus & deep parts.
Parotid opening in the mouth
Parotid papilla
Borders of the parotid
Note that the lateral border is not seen, but is made up of the platysma.
What structures are embedded in the parotid gland?
Facial nerve (green), retromandibular vein (blue) and ECA (red).
Sensory innervation of the parotid gland.
Auriculotemporal nerve (V3).
Parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland.
CN IX via the otic ganglion, hitchhiking w/auriculotemporal nerve.
What conditions cause swelling and severe pain of the parotid gland? Why is it more painful when chewing?
Mumps and tumors. These conditions hurt when chewing because the swollen parotid gets compressed between the ramus of the mandible and the mastoid process.
