ANATOMY- cerebrum (temporal lobe) Flashcards
what is the second largest lobe in the brain?
-temporal lobe
what are the boundaries to the temporal lobe?
Lateral sulcus- separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobe
Pre occipital notch- separates temporal lobe from occipital
where is the preoccipital notch, lateral fissure, central sulcus and parieto occipital sulcus on this brain?
what cortexs/areas are found in the temporal lobe?
-Primary auditory cortex
-Auditory association cortex
-Wernicke’s area
-Primary Olfctory cortex and association cortex
function of primary auditory cortex?
conscious awareness of sound
function of auditory association cortex?
meaning/understanding sounds
e.g. interpreting when someone says ‘im fine’ what they really mean (happy, annoyed etc)
Function of Wernicke’s area?
comprehension and understanding of written and spoken language
Function of primary olfactory cortex and association cortex?
Primary olfactory cortex: conscious awareness of smells
Association cortex: analysis the smells, recognises smell patterns and can connect it to your emotional system
what happens when there is a lesion to the primary auditory cortex and why?
A lesion to the left primary auditory cortex will cause right sided loss of sound stimulus (especially frequency, pitch and localisation of sound)
anatomy: CNVIII (vestibulocochlear nerve) synapses at cochlear nuclei located in the medulla, cross over (left ear to right thalamus) to the contralateral thalamus and then go to the primary auditory cortex
(sound heard from left ear goes to right primary auditory cortex)
where does the auditory association cortex receive information from?
it receives info regarding frequency, pitch and location of sound from the primary auditory cortex and compares it to memories
how does info pass from Wernicke’s area to Broca’s area?
-through the Arcuate fasciculus
what info gets sent to Wernicke’s area and how is it passed on to Broca’s area?
Visual info and auditory info sent from different bits of the brain to Wernicke’s area where is gets processed. Wernicke’s area then sends info through the arcuate fasciculus to Broca’s area (involved in speech production).
what happens if there is damage to Wernicke’s area?
damage can cause Wernicke’s aphasia/ receptive aphasia:
-Normal speech but makes no sense
-Their comprehension is not intact
what are some signs of temporal lobe dysfunction
- Memory dysfunction especially episodic memory
- Agnosia (visual and sensory modalities in particular)
- Language disorders receptive dysphasia (Wernicke, dominant hemisphere)
- Visual field defects (congruous upper homonymous quadrantanopia)
- Auditory dysfunction (Heschel’s gyrus, as hearing is represented bilaterally, deafness is not a cerebral feature)
- Limbic dysfunction
- Temporal lobe epilepsy
what are the primary olfactory cortex and association cortex responsible for?
primary olfactory cortex= conscious awareness of smells
Association cortex= analysing the smells, recognising the smell pattern and can connect it to your emotional system
