ANATOMY- cerebellum

Question 1

where in the skull is the cerebellum found?

Answer 1

in the posterior cranial fossa of the skull

Question 2

what attaches the cerebellum to the brainstem?

Answer 2

the cerebellum attaches to the brainstem via 3 stalks found on the inferior aspect

3 stalks AKA peduncles (superior, middle and inferior)

Question 3

how is the cerebellum seperated from the occipital and temporal lobes?

Answer 3

it is seperated by the tentorium cerebelli (tough layer of dura mater ‘tent of cerebellum’

Question 4

what are peduncles ?

Answer 4

a bundle of fibres connecting cerebellum and brain stem

Question 5

what peduncle connects the cerebellum to the midbrain?

Answer 5

superior peduncle

Question 6

what peduncle connects the cerebellum to the pons?

Answer 6

middle peduncle

Question 7

what peduncle connects the cerebellum to the medulla oblangata?

Answer 7

inferior peduncle

Question 8

what are the lobes of the cerebellum?

Answer 8

anterior, posterior and flocculonodular lobe

Question 9

what are 1, 2 and 3 (superior surface of cerebellum)

Answer 9

1= anterior lobe
2= primary fissure
3= posterior lobe

Question 10

what seperates the anterior and posterior lobe of the cerebellum?

Answer 10

the primary fissure

anterior lobe= behind primary fissure

Question 11

what makes up the inferior surface of the cerebellum?

Answer 11

posterior lobe

Question 12

what seperates the posterior lobe and the flocculonodular lobe?

Answer 12

the posterolateral fiss

Question 13

what is yellow, orange, red, green and blue?

Answer 13

yellow= anterior lobe
orange= primary fissure
red= posterolateral fissure
blue= flocculonodular lobe
green= posterior lobe

Question 14

(this is a pic of cerebellum flattened out)
Name the parts

Answer 14

orange= superior vermis
yelllow= anterior lobe
red= primary fissure
green= posterior lobe
light blue= inferior vermis
dark blue= flocculonodular lobe
pink= posterolateral fissure
pruple= horizontal fissure

Question 15

what is the ‘Arbor Vitae’ or ‘Tree of life’ in the cerebellum?

Answer 15

-white matter that lies within the center of the cerebellum
-it looks like a tree
-there is some grey matter deep to this

Question 16

does the cerebellum consist of grey or white matter?

Answer 16

both
grey matter- on surface of the cerebellum (also some deep grey matter in the tree of life AKA Arbor Vitae which contain the nuclei)
white matter- makes up the tree of life AKA Arbor Vitae

Question 17

how many deep cerebellar nuclei are there?

Answer 17

4

Question 18

what are the deep cerebellar nuclei called?

Answer 18

Dentate Nucleus
Emboliform nucleus
Globose nucleus
Fastigial nucleus

Dont - dentate
Eat- Emboliform
Greasy- Globose
Food- Fastigial

Question 19

what are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 19

Molecular layer (outer)
Purkinje cell layer (middle)
Granule cell layer (inner)

Question 20

where do the afferent projections to the cerebellum (inputs) usually come in from?

Answer 20

mainly from:
-spinal cord (from somatic proprioceptors and pressure receptors)
-cerebral cortex (relayed via the pons)
-vestibular apparatus (via the vestibular nuclei)

Question 21

how do the afferent projections enter the cerebellum?

Answer 21

they come mainly from:
-spinal cord (from somatic proprioceptors and pressure receptors)
-cerebral cortex (relayed via the pons)
-vestibular apparatus (via the vestibular nuclei)

then enter the cerebellar peduncles and project mainly to the granule cell layer

Question 22

which lobes have efferent projections fibres (outputs) in the cerebellum?

Answer 22

all 3
-anterior lobe
-posterior lobe
-flocculonodular lobe

Question 23

what type of cell in the cerebellum allow output/ efferent projections?

Answer 23

Purkinje cells (middle layer)

Question 24

describe the efferent projections of the cerebellum

Answer 24

-all 3 lobes of the cerebellum have efferent projections
-only output the axons of the Purkinje cells which synapse on neurones of the deep cerebellar nuclei and contribute to coordinating the functions of all motor tracts of the brainstem and spinal cord (cortospinal, vestibulospinal, rubrospinal tracts)
-Most efferent axons of deep cerebellar nuclei cross the midline and synapse in the thalamus

Question 25

do the cerebellar hemispheres influence the contralateral or ipsilateral side of the body?

Answer 25

-ipsilateral so if there is a lesion in the cerebellum there will be ipsilateral signs

Question 26

what arteries supply the cerebellum?

Answer 26

-superior cerebellar artery -anterior inferior cerebellar artery -posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Question 27

what are the superior cerebellar artery and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery branches of?

Answer 27

the basilar artery

Question 28

what is the posterior inferior cerebellar artery a branch of?

Answer 28

the vertebral artery

Question 29

what is labelled purple, pink, blue and orange?

Answer 29

purple= basilar artery pink= anterior inferior cerebellar artery blue= vertebral artery orange= posterior ineferior cerebellar artery

Question 30

what does the vestibulocerebellum control?

Answer 30

balance and eye movement

Question 31

what does the spinocerebellum control?

Answer 31

body and limb tone/posture

Question 32

what does the pontocerebellum/ cerebrocerebellum control?

Answer 32

motor coordination, planning and error correctio

Question 33

what are the green, blue and orange parts of the cerebellum and what do they control?

Answer 33

green= spinocerebellum, controls body and limb tone/posture blue= cerebrocerebellum/ pontocerebellum, controls motor coordination, planning + error correction orange= vestibulocerebellum, controls balance and eye movements

Question 34

clinical signs/ symptoms of a unilateral hemispheric lesion of cerebellum?

Answer 34

disturbance of coordination can result in: -intention tremor and unsteady gait in the absence of weakness or sensory loss

Question 35

clinical signs/ symptoms of a bilateral hemispheric lesion of cerebellum?

Answer 35

DANISH Dysdiadokinesia / dysmetria Ataxia (poor muscle cotrol) Nystagmus Intention tremor Speech - slurred or scanning Hypotonia

Question 36

what is the basic cerebellar pathway?

Answer 36

-movement is planned in the motor cortex -signals are sent via the corticospinal tract and movement occurs -signals are also sent to the cerebellum so it knows what the intended movement is -sensory fibres (spinocerebellar) return to the cerebellum to inform it of what movement has occured -cerebellum compares resulting movement with information it received on intended movement -cerebellum can feed back to cortex (via thalamus) to adjust motor output or directly affect motor output via vestibulospinal pathways