ANATOMY- cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

where in the skull is the cerebellum found?

A

in the posterior cranial fossa of the skull

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2
Q

what attaches the cerebellum to the brainstem?

A

the cerebellum attaches to the brainstem via 3 stalks found on the inferior aspect

3 stalks AKA peduncles (superior, middle and inferior)

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3
Q

how is the cerebellum seperated from the occipital and temporal lobes?

A

it is seperated by the tentorium cerebelli (tough layer of dura mater ‘tent of cerebellum’

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4
Q

what are peduncles ?

A

a bundle of fibres connecting cerebellum and brain stem

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5
Q

what peduncle connects the cerebellum to the midbrain?

A

superior peduncle

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6
Q

what peduncle connects the cerebellum to the pons?

A

middle peduncle

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7
Q

what peduncle connects the cerebellum to the medulla oblangata?

A

inferior peduncle

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8
Q

what are the lobes of the cerebellum?

A

anterior, posterior and flocculonodular lobe

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9
Q

what are 1, 2 and 3 (superior surface of cerebellum)

A

1= anterior lobe
2= primary fissure
3= posterior lobe

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10
Q

what seperates the anterior and posterior lobe of the cerebellum?

A

the primary fissure

anterior lobe= behind primary fissure

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11
Q

what makes up the inferior surface of the cerebellum?

A

posterior lobe

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12
Q

what seperates the posterior lobe and the flocculonodular lobe?

A

the posterolateral fiss

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13
Q

what is yellow, orange, red, green and blue?

A

yellow= anterior lobe
orange= primary fissure
red= posterolateral fissure
blue= flocculonodular lobe
green= posterior lobe

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14
Q

(this is a pic of cerebellum flattened out)
Name the parts

A

orange= superior vermis
yelllow= anterior lobe
red= primary fissure
green= posterior lobe
light blue= inferior vermis
dark blue= flocculonodular lobe
pink= posterolateral fissure
pruple= horizontal fissure

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15
Q

what is the ‘Arbor Vitae’ or ‘Tree of life’ in the cerebellum?

A

-white matter that lies within the center of the cerebellum
-it looks like a tree
-there is some grey matter deep to this

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16
Q

does the cerebellum consist of grey or white matter?

A

both
grey matter- on surface of the cerebellum (also some deep grey matter in the tree of life AKA Arbor Vitae which contain the nuclei)
white matter- makes up the tree of life AKA Arbor Vitae

17
Q

how many deep cerebellar nuclei are there?

A

4

18
Q

what are the deep cerebellar nuclei called?

A

Dentate Nucleus
Emboliform nucleus
Globose nucleus
Fastigial nucleus

Dont - dentate
Eat- Emboliform
Greasy- Globose
Food- Fastigial

19
Q

what are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex?

A

Molecular layer (outer)
Purkinje cell layer (middle)
Granule cell layer (inner)

20
Q

where do the afferent projections to the cerebellum (inputs) usually come in from?

A

mainly from:
-spinal cord (from somatic proprioceptors and pressure receptors)
-cerebral cortex (relayed via the pons)
-vestibular apparatus (via the vestibular nuclei)

21
Q

how do the afferent projections enter the cerebellum?

A

they come mainly from:
-spinal cord (from somatic proprioceptors and pressure receptors)
-cerebral cortex (relayed via the pons)
-vestibular apparatus (via the vestibular nuclei)

then enter the cerebellar peduncles and project mainly to the granule cell layer

22
Q

which lobes have efferent projections fibres (outputs) in the cerebellum?

A

all 3
-anterior lobe
-posterior lobe
-flocculonodular lobe

23
Q

what type of cell in the cerebellum allow output/ efferent projections?

A

Purkinje cells (middle layer)

24
Q

describe the efferent projections of the cerebellum

A

-all 3 lobes of the cerebellum have efferent projections
-only output the axons of the Purkinje cells which synapse on neurones of the deep cerebellar nuclei and contribute to coordinating the functions of all motor tracts of the brainstem and spinal cord (cortospinal, vestibulospinal, rubrospinal tracts)
-Most efferent axons of deep cerebellar nuclei cross the midline and synapse in the thalamus

25
Q

do the cerebellar hemispheres influence the contralateral or ipsilateral side of the body?

A

-ipsilateral

so if there is a lesion in the cerebellum there will be ipsilateral signs

26
Q

what arteries supply the cerebellum?

A

-superior cerebellar artery
-anterior inferior cerebellar artery
-posterior inferior cerebellar artery

27
Q

what are the superior cerebellar artery and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery branches of?

A

the basilar artery

28
Q

what is the posterior inferior cerebellar artery a branch of?

A

the vertebral artery

29
Q

what is labelled purple, pink, blue and orange?

A

purple= basilar artery
pink= anterior inferior cerebellar artery
blue= vertebral artery
orange= posterior ineferior cerebellar artery

30
Q

what does the vestibulocerebellum control?

A

balance and eye movement

31
Q

what does the spinocerebellum control?

A

body and limb tone/posture

32
Q

what does the pontocerebellum/ cerebrocerebellum control?

A

motor coordination, planning and error correctio

33
Q

what are the green, blue and orange parts of the cerebellum and what do they control?

A

green= spinocerebellum, controls body and limb tone/posture

blue= cerebrocerebellum/ pontocerebellum, controls motor coordination, planning + error correction

orange= vestibulocerebellum, controls balance and eye movements

34
Q

clinical signs/ symptoms of a unilateral hemispheric lesion of cerebellum?

A

disturbance of coordination

can result in:
-intention tremor and unsteady gait in the absence of weakness or sensory loss

35
Q

clinical signs/ symptoms of a bilateral hemispheric lesion of cerebellum?

A

DANISH
Dysdiadokinesia / dysmetria
Ataxia (poor muscle cotrol)
Nystagmus
Intention tremor
Speech - slurred or scanning
Hypotonia

36
Q

what is the basic cerebellar pathway?

A

-movement is planned in the motor cortex
-signals are sent via the corticospinal tract and movement occurs
-signals are also sent to the cerebellum so it knows what the intended movement is
-sensory fibres (spinocerebellar) return to the cerebellum to inform it of what movement has occured
-cerebellum compares resulting movement with information it received on intended movement
-cerebellum can feed back to cortex (via thalamus) to adjust motor output or directly affect motor output via vestibulospinal pathways