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neuro > ANATOMY- cerebrum (frontal lobe) > Flashcards

ANATOMY- cerebrum (frontal lobe) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the brain composed of? (3 parts)

A

-cerebrum
-cerebellum
-brainstem

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2
Q

what part of the brain is orange, blue and purple?

A

orange= cerebrum
blue= cerebellum
purple= brain stem

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3
Q

what part of brain is beige, purple, pink and green?

A

beige= cerebrum
purple= diencephalon
pink= cerebellum
green= brainstem (including midbrain, pons and medulla oblangata)

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4
Q

what is the largest part of the brain?

A

the cerebrum

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5
Q

what seperates the left and right cerebral hemispheres?

A

It is divided into two anatomically symmetrical hemispheres by the longitudinal fissure (a major sulcus that runs in the median sagittal plane) and the flax cerebri fills this

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6
Q

what is the internal part of the cerebrum comprised of?

A

grey and white matter

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7
Q

Role of grey matter in the cerebrum?

A

-it forms the surface of each cerebral hemisphere (known as the cerebral cortex)

-associated with processing and cognition

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8
Q

Role of white matter in the cerebrum?

A

-forms most of the deeper part of the brain
-consists of glial cells and myelinated axons that connect the gray matter areas

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9
Q

what are the groove and ridges/ elevation in the brain?

A

grooves= sulcus
ridges= girus

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10
Q

what type of matter is the corpus collusum made up of?

A

white matter

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11
Q

what connects the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

the corpus collosum

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12
Q

what are the main sulci?

A

-Central sulcus
-Lateral sulcus
-Parieto occipital sulcus
-Longitudinal fissure

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13
Q

name the blue, green and red sulcus

A

blue= central sulcus
green= parieto occipital sulcus
red= lateral sulcus

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14
Q

what does the central sulcus seperate?

A

the frontal and parietal lobes

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15
Q

what does the lateral sulcus seperate?

A

the parietal and the frontal lobe from temporal lobe

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16
Q

what does the parieto occipital sulcus seperate?

A

the parietal lobe and the occipital lobe

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17
Q

what are the main giry?

A

-precentral gyrus
-post central gyrus
-superior temporal gyrus

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18
Q

what are the yellow, blue and green gyrus?

A

blue= precentral
yellow= postcentral
green= superior temporal

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19
Q

in which gyrus is the primary motor cortex found?

A

in the precentral gyrus in the frontal lobe

20
Q

in which gyrus is the primary somatosensory cortex found?

A

in the postcentral gyrus in the parietal lobe

21
Q

what is the superior temporal gyrus responsible for?

A

-reception and processing of sound

22
Q

what lobes are there in the cerebrum?

A

-frontal
-parietal
-temporal
-occipital

22
Q

what lobes are there in the cerebrum?

A

-frontal
-parietal
-temporal
-occipital

23
Q

what seperates the frontal lobe of the cerebrum from the rest of it?

A

it is separated from the parietal lobe by the central sulcus and is separated from the temporal lobe by the lateral sulcus

24
Q

overall function of frontal lobe?

A

movement, higher intellect, personality, mood, social conduct and language

25
Q

what arteries innervate the frontal lobe?

A

lateral frontal lobe- MCA
medial frontal lobe- ACA

26
Q

what is highlighted red, blue, yellow, green and purple

A

red= primary motor cortex
blue= premotor/ supplementary motor cortex
yellow= frontal eye fields
green= prefrontal cortex
purple= Broca’s area

27
Q

role of the prefrontal cortex?

A

memory/learning, motor planning, personality/behaviour

28
Q

what part of the brain connects extensively to the cortices, basal ganglia, limbic system, thalamus and hippocampus?

A

prefrontal cortex

29
Q

what are the 3 parts of the prefrontal cortex?

A

-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
-orbitolateral prefrontal cortex

30
Q

what part of the brain is responsible for response of primitive stimuli (hunger, thirst, sexual function)?

A

Orbitolateral prefrontal cortex

31
Q

role of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?

A

-responsible for external stimuli (executing work responsibilities, working memory, planning , various cognitive tasks)

32
Q

where is the primary motor cortex located?

A

-located on the precentral gyrus

33
Q

function of primary motor cortex?

A

voluntary motor movements (more the coordination of movements whereas premotor cortex/supplementary motor cortex is involved in the planning of these)

34
Q

what part of the brain is involved in the corticospinal and corticobulbar tract?

A

primary motor cortex

35
Q

what nerves are involved in the corticobulbar tract?

A

CNV, CNVII, CNIX, CNX, CNXI, CNXII

36
Q

where is the motor homonuculus found?

A

in the primary motor cortex (located on the precentral gyrus in the frontal lobe)

37
Q

what is the significance of the size of the body parts of the homonculus in terms of motor control?

A

larger body part= more motor units= more fine motor control

38
Q

function of the premotor cortex/ supplementary motor cortex?

A

planning voluntary movements

39
Q

role of frontal eyefields?

A

-voluntary, rapid eye movements

40
Q

role of Broca’s area?

A

speech PRODUCTION

B- blurt out
W- what should I say?

Wernicke’s area makes sure speech makes sense and then Broca’s area takes the info from this and produces speech

41
Q

presentation of damaged Broca’s area?

A

motor dysphasia

-patient will really struggle to speak and some will not speak at all

42
Q

signs of frontal lobe dysfunction?

A

· Personality dysfunction
· Paraperesis
· Paratonia
· Grasp Reflex
· Frontal gait dysfunction (magnetic gait)
· Corticol hand
· Seizures
· Incontinence
· Visual field defects (anterior visual pathway including optic chiasms are beneath frontal lobe)
· Expressive dysphasia (Broca’s area is in the dominant frontal lobe)
Anosmia (olfactory pathway is beneath frontal lobe)

43
Q

what is the tencephalon?

A

cerebrum can be further subdivided into the Tencephalon and the diencephalon

Tencephalon is made up from the cortex, subcortical fibres and basal nucleus (cerebral hemispheres)

44
Q

what is the diencephalon?

A

cerebrum can be further subdivided into the Tencephalon and the diencephalon

Diencephalon is made up of the thalamus and hypothalamus

neuro (44 decks)

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