(Anatomy And Physiology) The Heart And Blood Vessels

Question 1

Where does the oxygen go from the lungs?

Answer 1

The oxygenated blood goes down through the pulmonary vein down to the Left atrium.

Question 2

Where does the oxygenated blood go from the left atrium?

Answer 2

Oxygenated blood travels through to the left atrium from the pulmonary vein down to the left ventricle through the biscupid valve

Question 3

Where does the oxygenated blood go from the left ventricle?

Answer 3

The oxygenated blood goes from the left ventricle up through the aorta

Question 4

Where does the oxygenated blood from the aorta go to?

Answer 4

The oxygenated blood from the aorta goes to the rest of the body so the working muscles

Question 5

Where does the deoxygenated blood of the vena cava go to?

Answer 5

It goes through to the right atrium down to the right ventricle through the tricuspoid valve.

Question 6

Where does the deoxygenated blood of the right ventricle go to?

Answer 6

It goes through the pulmonary artery down to the lungs to become oxygenated.

Question 7

What’s the triscupid valve?

Answer 7

It’s located between the right atrium and right ventricle and opens due to a build up of pressure in the right atrium

Question 8

What’s the biscupid valve?

Answer 8

It’s located between the left atrium and left ventricle and likewise opens due to a build up of pressure this time in the left atrium.

Question 9

What’s the septum in the heart?

Answer 9

It separate the right hand and left hand side of the heart.

Question 10

What’s the semilunar valves?

Answer 10

It stops the back flow of blood into the heart. There is a semilunar valve where the aorta leaves the left ventricle and another where the pulmonary artery leave the right ventricle.

Question 11

What’s the aorta?

Answer 11

It’s the largest artery in the body. It carriers oxygenated blood away from the left ventricle to the body.

Question 12

What’s the vena cava?

Answer 12

It’s the largest vein in the body. It carried deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart.

Question 13

What’s the pulmonary artery?

Answer 13

It carriers deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Question 14

What’s the pulmonary vein?

Answer 14

It returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Question 15

What’s the function of arteries?

Answer 15

Mostly carries oxygenated blood round the body under high pressure to smaller vessels called arteriesals.

Question 16

What’s the walls of the arteries like?

Answer 16

-thick.
-muscular.
-elastic.

Question 17

What other features of arteries are there?

Answer 17

There’s only one exception is pulmonary artery which carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Question 18

What’s the function of veins?

Answer 18

Mostly carry deoxygenated blood from body to heart under low pressure.

Question 19

What’s the walls of the veins like?

Answer 19

There thin walls.

Question 20

What other feature of veins are there?

Answer 20

There’s an exception which is the pulmonary vein which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

Question 21

What’s the functions of capillaries?

Answer 21

They transport blood from the arteries to the veins by uniting arterioles and venules.

Question 22

What’s the walls of capillaries like?

Answer 22

-1 cell thick.
-small.
-very thin.
-permeable (allows water and other things to go through).

Question 23

What other features of capillaries are there?

Answer 23

They carry
-oxygen
-carbon dioxide
-waste products
They are all exchanged through capillaries.

Question 24

What’s the function of cardiovascular system?

Answer 24

-helps oxygen flow around the body to vital organs and muscles.
-helps remove carbon dioxide away from vital organs.
————————————————————
-oxygen helps produce energy.
- carbon dioxide is a waste product from respiration (breathing).
————————————————————
-provides cells and organs with nutrients and hormones.
-protection against disease and infection.
-stops bleeding after injury by clotting.
-regulates body temperature (thermoregulation).

Question 25

What is thermoregulation?

Answer 25

The body should have a temperature of 37°c. If body temperature rises or falls, the brain reacts to maintain temperature.

Question 26

What is vasodilation?

Answer 26

~Raised temperature= vasodilation.
~This means blood vessels dilate (increase in size).

This leads to:
-increased blood flow to capillaries.
-heat is lost through skin via radiation (sweating).

~sweat glands produce sweat which evaporate from the skin and has a cooling effect.

Question 27

What is vasoconstriction?

Answer 27

~Lowered temperature=vasoconstriction
~this means the blood vessels constrict (decrease in size)

This leads to:
-decreased flow of warm blood to capillaries.
-little heat is lost by radiation.
-redirection of blood from skin to core.

Heat can be generated by shivering.

Question 28

What is the respiratory system?

Answer 28

A group of organs and tissues that allow you to breathe by bringing oxygen into your body and removing carbon dioxide.

Question 29

What is the order of the respiratory system (Nasal cavity to the alveoli)

Answer 29

Nasal cavity -> epiglottis-> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> alveoli.

-the lungs rest on top of the diaphragm.

Question 30

What are intercostal muscles?

Answer 30

They are muscles that run between the ribs and help with breathing.

Question 31

What is the nasal cavity?

Answer 31

It’s our mouth and nose.

Question 32

How does the naval cavity work?

Answer 32

-Air enters and exits the respiratory system through here.
-the air is warmed by blood.
-air is filtered by cilia and moistened by mucus.

Question 33

What is the trachea?

Answer 33

Is connects the nasal cavity to lungs.

Question 34

How does the trachea work?

Answer 34

This is strengthened by hyaline cartilage to prevent collapse.

Question 35

What is pleural membranes and what does it do?

Answer 35

-Pleural members are layers of soft tissue that covers the lungs.

It helps:
-lubricate movement.
-prevents damage.

Question 36

What is the function of inspiration?

Answer 36

-AKA breathing in.
-intercostal muscles contract which raises ribs causing inspiration and the diaphragm flattens.
-this means that volume increase and pressure decreases so air rushes into the lungs.

Question 37

What is the function of expiration?

Answer 37

-AKA breathing out.
-intercostal muscles contract which lowers ribs causing expiration and diaphragm become dome shaped.
-volume decreases and pressure increases which forces air out of the lungs.

Question 38

What is gaseous exchange?

Answer 38

-diffusion is when something moves from high concentration to low concentration.
————————————————————
-gaseous exchange happens in the lungs specifically in the alveoli.
-diffusion means that oxygen and carbon dioxide can be exchanged through the cell membrane.
————————————————————
-oxygen is breathed in and enters the lungs by a process called gaseous exchange.
-oxygen passes (by diffusion) from the alveoli into the blood and is circulated around the body.
-carbon dioxide is returned to the lungs and by gaseous exchange and it is removed from the blood and enters the alveoli in the lungs to be breathed out.

Question 39

What is alveoli?

Answer 39

Tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles.

Question 40

What is the cardio respiratory system?

Answer 40

It’s the cardio vascular and respiratory system.
This is how the heart and lungs work together.

Question 41

What are the functions of the cardio respiratory system?

Answer 41

heart:
-blood flow through the heart,body and lungs
-supplying oxygenated blood to body tissues.
——
-our heart pumps blood around the body and into our lungs which helps supply oxygen to body tissue.
===================================
Lungs:
-‘taking up’ oxygen into the body, in order to produce energy.
-‘unloading’ carbon dioxide, a waste product of respiration from the body.
——
-when we breath in (inspiration) we inhale oxygen which helps produce energy.
-we breath out carbon dioxide (expiration) which is a waste product.