(Anatomy And Physiology) The Heart And Blood Vessels Flashcards
Where does the oxygen go from the lungs?
The oxygenated blood goes down through the pulmonary vein down to the Left atrium.
Where does the oxygenated blood go from the left atrium?
Oxygenated blood travels through to the left atrium from the pulmonary vein down to the left ventricle through the biscupid valve
Where does the oxygenated blood go from the left ventricle?
The oxygenated blood goes from the left ventricle up through the aorta
Where does the oxygenated blood from the aorta go to?
The oxygenated blood from the aorta goes to the rest of the body so the working muscles
Where does the deoxygenated blood of the vena cava go to?
It goes through to the right atrium down to the right ventricle through the tricuspoid valve.
Where does the deoxygenated blood of the right ventricle go to?
It goes through the pulmonary artery down to the lungs to become oxygenated.
What’s the triscupid valve?
It’s located between the right atrium and right ventricle and opens due to a build up of pressure in the right atrium
What’s the biscupid valve?
It’s located between the left atrium and left ventricle and likewise opens due to a build up of pressure this time in the left atrium.
What’s the septum in the heart?
It separate the right hand and left hand side of the heart.
What’s the semilunar valves?
It stops the back flow of blood into the heart. There is a semilunar valve where the aorta leaves the left ventricle and another where the pulmonary artery leave the right ventricle.
What’s the aorta?
It’s the largest artery in the body. It carriers oxygenated blood away from the left ventricle to the body.
What’s the vena cava?
It’s the largest vein in the body. It carried deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart.
What’s the pulmonary artery?
It carriers deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle to the lungs.
What’s the pulmonary vein?
It returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
What’s the function of arteries?
Mostly carries oxygenated blood round the body under high pressure to smaller vessels called arteriesals.
What’s the walls of the arteries like?
-thick.
-muscular.
-elastic.
What other features of arteries are there?
There’s only one exception is pulmonary artery which carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
What’s the function of veins?
Mostly carry deoxygenated blood from body to heart under low pressure.
What’s the walls of the veins like?
There thin walls.
What other feature of veins are there?
There’s an exception which is the pulmonary vein which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
What’s the functions of capillaries?
They transport blood from the arteries to the veins by uniting arterioles and venules.
What’s the walls of capillaries like?
-1 cell thick.
-small.
-very thin.
-permeable (allows water and other things to go through).
What other features of capillaries are there?
They carry
-oxygen
-carbon dioxide
-waste products
They are all exchanged through capillaries.
What’s the function of cardiovascular system?
-helps oxygen flow around the body to vital organs and muscles.
-helps remove carbon dioxide away from vital organs.
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-oxygen helps produce energy.
- carbon dioxide is a waste product from respiration (breathing).
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-provides cells and organs with nutrients and hormones.
-protection against disease and infection.
-stops bleeding after injury by clotting.
-regulates body temperature (thermoregulation).
What is thermoregulation?
The body should have a temperature of 37°c. If body temperature rises or falls, the brain reacts to maintain temperature.
What is vasodilation?
~Raised temperature= vasodilation.
~This means blood vessels dilate (increase in size).
This leads to:
-increased blood flow to capillaries.
-heat is lost through skin via radiation (sweating).
~sweat glands produce sweat which evaporate from the skin and has a cooling effect.
What is vasoconstriction?
~Lowered temperature=vasoconstriction
~this means the blood vessels constrict (decrease in size)
This leads to:
-decreased flow of warm blood to capillaries.
-little heat is lost by radiation.
-redirection of blood from skin to core.
Heat can be generated by shivering.
What is the respiratory system?
A group of organs and tissues that allow you to breathe by bringing oxygen into your body and removing carbon dioxide.
What is the order of the respiratory system (Nasal cavity to the alveoli)
Nasal cavity -> epiglottis-> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> alveoli.
-the lungs rest on top of the diaphragm.
What are intercostal muscles?
They are muscles that run between the ribs and help with breathing.
What is the nasal cavity?
It’s our mouth and nose.
How does the naval cavity work?
-Air enters and exits the respiratory system through here.
-the air is warmed by blood.
-air is filtered by cilia and moistened by mucus.
What is the trachea?
Is connects the nasal cavity to lungs.
How does the trachea work?
This is strengthened by hyaline cartilage to prevent collapse.
What is pleural membranes and what does it do?
-Pleural members are layers of soft tissue that covers the lungs.
It helps:
-lubricate movement.
-prevents damage.
What is the function of inspiration?
-AKA breathing in.
-intercostal muscles contract which raises ribs causing inspiration and the diaphragm flattens.
-this means that volume increase and pressure decreases so air rushes into the lungs.
What is the function of expiration?
-AKA breathing out.
-intercostal muscles contract which lowers ribs causing expiration and diaphragm become dome shaped.
-volume decreases and pressure increases which forces air out of the lungs.
What is gaseous exchange?
-diffusion is when something moves from high concentration to low concentration.
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-gaseous exchange happens in the lungs specifically in the alveoli.
-diffusion means that oxygen and carbon dioxide can be exchanged through the cell membrane.
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-oxygen is breathed in and enters the lungs by a process called gaseous exchange.
-oxygen passes (by diffusion) from the alveoli into the blood and is circulated around the body.
-carbon dioxide is returned to the lungs and by gaseous exchange and it is removed from the blood and enters the alveoli in the lungs to be breathed out.
What is alveoli?
Tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles.
What is the cardio respiratory system?
It’s the cardio vascular and respiratory system.
This is how the heart and lungs work together.
What are the functions of the cardio respiratory system?
heart:
-blood flow through the heart,body and lungs
-supplying oxygenated blood to body tissues.
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-our heart pumps blood around the body and into our lungs which helps supply oxygen to body tissue.
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Lungs:
-‘taking up’ oxygen into the body, in order to produce energy.
-‘unloading’ carbon dioxide, a waste product of respiration from the body.
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-when we breath in (inspiration) we inhale oxygen which helps produce energy.
-we breath out carbon dioxide (expiration) which is a waste product.
