Anatomy And Physiology Of The Body (bones & Joints) Flashcards
What is the point of protection in the bones for?
To help protect our vital organs in our body. For example the cranium protects our brain
What’s muscle attachment and movement for?
Bones are connected to muscles, tendons and ligaments. When muscles contract they shorten and pull on the bone.
Using tendons and ligaments
Whats the difference between tendons and ligaments?
Tendons are muscle to bone
Ligaments are bone to bone
What does support do for the body? Aka bones
Bones give the body shape and provide a framework for the body they also support the weight of body tissue (such as muscle, fat, ligaments, tendons) without this support we’d be just be a pile of bones
What does blood production do for the body?
The skeleton contains bone marrow, which produces blood cells. There are two main types:
Red blood cells- carry oxygen
White blood cells- fights infection
Bone marrow in long bones produce red blood cells which are important for sports because oxygen is needed for muscles to function
Why are mineral storage needed for the body?
Calcium: helps bones stay strong
Phosphorus: aids in growth and maintenance
Sodium: maintains the balance of body fluids
Potassium: essentials for all body functions
What are the 3 types of ribs and where are they attached?
True ribs- attached vertebrae at the back and front of the sternum
False ribs- attached to vertebrae but at the front attached to ribs above
Floating ribs- only attached to vertebrae at the back
What’s the axial skeleton?
This is the main core of the skeleton. It’s main function is to support the body
What’s the appendicular skeleton?
These bones make our body move, help us balance and are for general support
How many bits make up the vertebrae and what are they called? (Top to bottom)
5, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
How many parts make up the sternum and what are they called? (Top to bottom)
3, manubrium, body (main part), sciphoid process.
What’s the function of long bones?
(Longer than they are wide, femur)
-Act as levers for movement and support
-Responsible for production of blood cells
What’s the function of irregular bones?
(Complex shaped, vertebrae)
-Protection of vital organs
-provide a place for muscle attachment
What’s the function of short bones?
(Small cube shaped bones, carpals and tarsals)
Designed for strength and weight bearing
What’s the function of flat bones?
(Thin, flattened, slightly curved bones, sternum-chest)
-Protect vital organs
-a place for muscle attachment
What’s the function of sesamoid bones?
-(Very specialised function and usually found within a tendon patella - in the knee joint)
-Reduce friction across a joint
What are fixed joints?
-immovable
-these joints don’t move
e.g cranium
What is slightly moveable joints
-cartilaginous Joints are joints in which the bones are attached by cartilage
-these joints allow for only a little movement
e.g erector spinae
What are freely moveable joints?
-These are freely moveable joints
-most of the joints in the body are of the synovial type
-there are 6 types of synovial joints you need to know
What is flexion?
-bending at a joint
-examples are at the elbow and the knees
What is extension?
-straightening of a joint (opposite of each other)
-examples are at the elbow and knees
What is adduction?
-Is movement towards the midline of the body
-think of adding to the body: ADDuction
-example are the shoulder and hips
What is abduction?
-movement away from the midline of the body
-your limb is being abducted by an alien- taken away
-examples are hip and shoulder
What is rotation?
-the limb moves in a circular movement around a fixed point towards or away from the midline of the body
-examples Turning your head (rotation of the neck)
