Anaesthetics and Analgesics: Flashcards
Name some intravenous anaesthetics.
Propofol, ketamine.
Name some inhalation anaesthetics.
nitrous oxide, isoflurane, sevoflurane.
Name an anxiolytic drug.
midazolam.
Name an opiate used as an anaesthetic.
fentanyl.
Name a neuromuscular blocking drug.
pancuronium.
Name some local anaesthetics.
lidocaine, bupivacine.
Action of anaesthetics.
Bind to GABA LGICs, thus increasing chloride entry, which hyperpolarises the cell membrane and decreases excitability. Also binds to glycine LGICs and inhibits excitatory nAch LGICs and NMDA LGICs.
NSAIDs (naproxen)
inhibit COX-1 and 2 enzymes. COX-2 is induced by an injurious stimuli, causing prostanoid release, which mediates an inflammatory response.
what is aspirin’s metabolite called?
salicylate- has a long half life.
what do you give in a paracetamol overdose?
activated charcoal or N-acetylcysteine.
opioids mechanism of action?
act centrally and on peripheral nerves. Increases K efflux, so RMP lowered and cell is less excitable. Decreased calcium influx, so less neurotransmitter vesicle fusion. Reduced cAMP synthesis, so less phosphorylation and activating of calcium channels. Therefore, less substance P.
Diamorphine
lipid soluble so can cross BBB easily and metabolised to morphine.
Methadone
used in opioid addiction as it is a weaker agonist but still gives some relief.
naloxene
opioid receptor antagonist, used in overdoses.
