Amniotic Fluid Related Complications Flashcards
• a clear, slightly yellowish
liquid that surrounds the
unborn baby (fetus)
during pregnancy
• contained in the amniotic sac
(2 membranes: chorion & the amnion)
Amniotic Fluid
Functions of Amniotic Fluid
1.) Aids in the growth and development of the baby’s lungs
2.) Cushions and protects the baby
3.) Helps the baby’s muscles and bones develop
4.) Keeps the umbilical cord from being compressed
Excessive amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus
Polyhydramnios
1.) Fluid volume gradually increases
2.) Volume increases rapidly over a period of few days
Usually diagnosed between 20 and 24 weeks gestation
1.) Chronic
2.) Acute
Hydramnios Assessments
1.) Associated with maternal Disorders
- DM
- Rh Sensitization
- Multiple Gestations
2.) FH increases out of proportion to the gestational age
3.) As amount of fluid increases may have difficulty palpating fetus and auscultating FHR
Hydramnios Assessment part 2
1.) Severe cases the maternal abdomen appears extremely tense and tight on inspection
2.) on sonography large spaces can be identified between the fundus and uterine wall
when the amniotic fluid is 3000ml or more the woman experiences…
1.) SOB
2.) Edema in the lower extremities
Fetal Neonatal Implications
1.) Fetal malformations
2.) Preterm birth
3.) Perinatal morality rate is fairly high
4.) Prolapsed cord can occur with PROM
a rare condition that occurs when identical twins share an abnormal placenta and blood flows unevenly between them
twin-twin transfusion
If the fetus has been diagnosed with a congenital defect in utero or is born with defect, the family needs_____
Psychologic Support
a rare birth defect that prevents a baby from swallowing food from their mouth to their stomach. It occurs when the esophagus doesn’t develop properly during pregnancy.
Esophageal Atresia
a birth defect that occurs when the esophagus and trachea are abnormally connected. This allows food and liquid to pass into the lungs, which can lead to pneumonia and other respiratory problems
Esophageal Fistula
Removal of excessive amniotic fluid
Amniocentesis
Amount of amniotic fluid is severely reduced and concentrated (less than 500ml)
Normal amniotic fluid is 600 to 800ml depending on gestational age
Oligohydramnios
Etiology
1.) Found in cases of post maturity with IUGR secondary to placental insufficiency
2.) In fetal conditions associated with major renal malformations including renal aplasia with dysplastic kidneys
Possible Causes of oligohydramnios
1.) Congenital Anomalies of fetal kidneys
2.) If mother is dehydrated
3.) If pregnancy more than 2 weeks past due date
Oligo Assessments
1.) Labor can be dysfunctional
2.) Progress is slow
3.) Cesarian Birth
Oligo Assessment 2
1.) During antepartum period uterus does not increase in size according to ________
2.) Fetus is not _____
1.) Gestational Age
2.) Ballotable
Fetus Biophysical profile
1.) Amniotic Fluid
2.) Heartbeat
3.) Body movements
4.) Muscle tone
5.) Breathing
fetus can be assessed by_____
1.) Biophysical Profile
2.) Nonstress test
3.) Serial Ultra sound
1.) Absence of one or more kidney
Renal Aplasia
1.) may compromise normal symmetrical development of the limb bones via growth constraints
2.) A development abnormalities of the lung characterized by a decrease in the number of alveoli , cells and airways
1.) fetal and Skeletal Abnormalities
2.) Pulmonary Hypoplasia
If oligohydramnios occurs in the first part of pregnancy, there is danger of _____
Fetal Adhesions
1.) fetus is monitored by continuous______ to detect cord compression variable decelerations
2.) Transcervical instillation of 500ml of warm sterile saline followed by continuous infusion of 100-200ml per hour
1.) EFM
2.) Amnioinfusion (Allows the cord to flow and lessens cord compression)
Tracing for the presence of variable decelerations or other non reassuring signs
Electronic fetal monitoring
A small amount of amniotic fluid leaks into the chorionic plate and enter the maternal system
A rare but serious condition and occurs during labor, during birth or within 30 minutes after birth
Amniotic Fluid Embolism
Immune system responds by releasing products that cause an inflammatory reaction activating ____________ in the mothers lungs and blood vessels that can result in a serious __________ disorder ____
1.) Abnormal Clotting
2.) Blood CLotting
3.) DIC
Assessment for Amniotic fluid embolism
• Sudden onset of respiratory distress
• Chest pain
• Dyspnea
• Frothy sputum
• Circulatory collapse (Sudden failure of the heart to effectively pump blood )
• Cyanosis
• Tachycardia
• Hypotension
• Acute hemorrhage
• Massive hemorrhage
Implementation for Amniotic fluid embolism
1.) Oxygenate
2.) Prepare for intubation and mechanical ventilation
3.) Initiate with CPR and tilt woman 30 degrees to her side to displace uterus
Implementation of Amniotic Fluid Embolism 2
1.) Maintain cardiac output and replace fluid losses
2.) Position woman onto her side
3.) Administer intravenous fluids
4.) Admnister blood products
