American Imperialism Flashcards
Name all American imperialism
Samoa
Hawaii
Philippines
Latin America Puerto Rico and Venezuela
1903 Dominican Republic
Alaska
Morocco crisis
China
Nicaragua
Japan
Spanish American war
Cuba
Panama Canal
Name all the causes of American imperialism
Accidental empire
Progressive imperialism
Need for markets
End of westward exp
Perclusive imperialism
Monroe Doctrine
Roosevelt collary and Roosevelt
Explain Samoa
PERCLUSIVE IMPERIALISM
Interest began in 1872- king offered navel base to US
US refused- but aware Britain and Germany interest in area
During Samoa Civil War 1898- American and Britain opp side to Germany
Following year - 3 powers abolished Samoa monarchy and signed TRIPARTLITE CONVENTION in which Britain relinquished all rights to Samoa
US established protectorate in Eastern Samoa
Explain Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic was an eg of US using its police powers in Central US
1903- Republic failed to fulfil on repayment of USA loans worth $40 million
T Roosevelt was reluctant to invade —> instead -
1904 took control of Customs revenue of Dominican Republic - using it to pay off debt
ROOSEVELT
Explain Hawaii
US established missionaries there
Since 1875, USA imported Hawaiian sugar duty free and Hawaii became increase dependent on US
In return Hawaii - required to accept US eco and pol domination
US also gained use of Hawaii’s best resource Pearl Harbour 1877
1890 McKinley abolished import duties and prices rose —> production fell and unemployment increased
1891- Queen of Hawaii led rebellion - failed - IS won
War with Spain and Cuba - strengthened arguments for annexation - occurred 1898
PROGRESSIVE IMPERIALISM
NEED FOR MARKETS
Explain Philippine’s
1898 Treaty of Paris - ended Spanish American War - US allowed to purchase Philippines island $20 million
US = civilise mission to spread islander to Christianity
Fear Phillipenes = taken over by Britain, Germany, Japan
Islands cannot be returned to Spain, ‘flippinos - incapable of ruling selves’
Perclusive imperialism
Progessvive imperialism
Explain Latin American, Puerto Rico and Venezuela
US looked to extend influence In terms of political influence and trade units
No intentions of annexing
US business interests sought to exploit South and Central America —> and in doing so raise standards of living
Invaded -1898 - after short battle w Spain - then surrendered and withdrew
Organic Act 1900- Puerto Rico administered by US
PROGRESSIVE IMPERIALISM
NEED FOR MARKETS
Explain Alaska
Canada and Britain argument over southern border
Roosevelt proved self - order settlement in favour of US rights
ROOSEVELT
Explain Morocco Crisis
Roosevelt took key role in international response to Morocco Crisis
—>
Involvement on this scale = unthinkable before
ROOSEVELT
Explain China
Key aim to prevent China being partitioned and maintain free trade
Open door policy - to keep China free of Colonial rule unlike Britain, Russia,Germany aim
1900 Boxer rebellion
1901- TR President
US imperialist
TRADE DOLLAR DIPLOMACY
PERCLUSIVE IMPERIALISM
Explain JAPAN AND RUSSIA
Tense relations
Japanese immigration in Hawaii - US legislation stopped this 1900
Racist laws angered Japan, as did annexation of Philippines
US felt threatened by growth of Japan navy as well as Japan interested in China
1904’s - Japan defeated Russia
Treaty of Portsmouth 1908- in China favour as US trades with it
Root Takakura 1908- US and Japanese develop better relations
NATIONAL SECURITY
NEED FOR MARKETS
ROOSEVELT
Explain Spanish American War
1898
Causes as
- McKinley —> civilising mission
- 1893 Depression
- Westward expansion
- Monroe Doctrine
Territorial, foreign policy and national effects
Progressive imperialism
Need for markets
End of westward expansion
Monroe Doctrine
Explain Cuba
1898
Yellow fever
To ensure Cubans gained independence from Spain
To punish Spain for sinking Maine
To assert US authority in the Caribbean
To assert US authority and influence in Pacific
To become a territorial power, like European states
To become practice of US values of freedom and pursuit of happiness
To maintain good trade with China
PROGRESSIVE IMPERIALISM
NEED FOR MARKETS
Explain Panama Canal
Roosevelt wanted Canal —> expensive
Roosevelt sponsored national uprising of Panamania separatists and forced Columbia to accept independence
Panama negotiates 1904- Roosevelt allowed overseas trade and develop strategic interests
ROOSEVELT
Nicaragua
Dollar Diplomacy:
key principle avoiding entanglements by using American financial power.
Nicaragua was important because of its proximity as well as a possible Atlantic /Pacific canal site and a high level of economic investment in the country.
These interests were threatened by Nicaragua’s anti-American President Zelaya, who, in 1909 cancelled the economic privileges previously granted to US mining concerns.
Taft sent in the marines to install a pro American president Diaz and his Secretary of State Knox extended influence by providing huge loans. In return the USA controlled the National Bank in Nicaragua. Within 3 years, the USA again had to send in 3000 troops when the position of Diaz was threatened by revolutionaries.
The USA now set up a protectorate and occupied the country for ten further years.
