African American Progress 1877-1920 Flashcards

Question

McKinley attitudes to civil rights for AA

Answer 1

- denounced lynching in his 1897 but failed to condemn that practice formally - refrained from taking action curtail the general anti-black violence in the South - He appointed thirty African Americans to positions of consequence, which were principally in diplomatic and records offices, but that number fell far short of what black Republicans had wanted from the leader of Abraham Lincoln's party - During the Spanish-American War, he countermanded orders preventing recruitment and service of black soldiers.

Answer 2

Energetic young reformer who promised all Americans ‘a square deal.’ He claimed all blacks were inferior but also spoke out against lynching. - very reluctant to use federal authority to enforce the 15th Constitution guaranteeing voting rights to African Americans. - Publicly, Roosevelt spoke out against racism and discrimination, and appointed blacks to lower-level Federal offices - He opposed school segregation, having ended the practice in New York he was Governor of that state - Roosevelt also rejected anti-Semitism and he was the first Oscar S. Straus, to the cabinet

Answer 3

met with and publicly endorsed African-American leader Booker T. Washington's program for advancing the cause of African-Americans. - Taft advised Washington to tell his fellow African-Americans to stay out emphasized the need for education and entrepreneurship as the keys for advancement of Washington's people. - Aside from meeting with Washington and giving him the benefit of that free any Taft was too pre-occupied with other issues during his presidency to address reform in this area.

Answer 4

He had a policy "A new Freedom for America' He passed other progressive reforms which restored monopolies and regulated interstate trade, as he did nothing to alienate the suffering of blacks. He said 'segregation is not humiliating but a benefit, you gentlemen. disappointed many of the blacks who voted for him, as the National Association policies and broke agreements made with groups such the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) The Civil Rights Movement regained strength during Wilson's second term when ar that black soldiers would be instrumental in winning World War 1

Answer 5

Since 1899s all professional sports had banned black participants In the boxing world, white heavy weight Champaigns see the colour line and refused to fight black contenders Tommy Burns (white) was defeated by Johnson (black) in the first heavy weight title between a black and white person In 1895- blacks were invited to qualify for the Penn relay in Philadelphia However they have to find their own sponsors and practice fields In 1915- Robeson won a 4 year scholarship at Rutgers College in a state wide written competitions HE WAS THE 3RD AA TO DO SO AND LATER BECAME AN ALL AMERICAN PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALLER

Answer 6

America wasn’t fully democratic- not everyone could vote

Answer 7

15,000 blacks conducted a silence parade in NYC- carrying signs to protest Against Lynching and race riots in American cities During WW1 the newly formed NAACP led the fight against discrimination and segregation and to prevent mistreatment of AA in the military

Answer 8

Pessimistic about WhAt silent parade could mean for AA Pointing out that they battled in American wars since he revolution still didn’t give them citizenship

Answer 9

While war lasts, we should forget our special grievances and close our ranks shoulder to shoulder with our white fellow citezens and the allied nations that are fighting for democracy During WW1 the newly forced NAACP led the fight against discrimination and segregation and to prevent mistreatment of AA in the military

Answer 10

Introduced segregation in trenches by loaning his black combat troops of the 93rd division to the French Army

Answer 11

Served in segregated units Blacks= barred from marine corps and the coast guards AA actively pushed into becoming officers and stewards Initially AA refused training as army officers

Answer 12

Black soldiers-proved their worth by driving the Germans back at Argonne-Forrest and the Muese River In total they spent 191 days in the front line - longer than any other American unit in the war

Answer 13

Blacks and whites both received honours for there participation in the war (Crolxe de Guerre- this was awarded for taking Sechault on Sept 1918)

Answer 14

Lunching and violence as many whites didn’t want black prople to be treated as equals simply as they participated in the war

Answer 15

Stifled the flow of immigrant labour Workers needed in north AA left south to north

Answer 16

The movement of AA from the south to the north to work It was the largest internal movement of people in American history 1916-1970 Brought about 1.25 million blacks to industrial centres of Northern and midwestern states before depression occurred

Answer 17

Circulations of AA newspapers suck as Chicago Defender and The Ledger published stories about successful black immigrants

Answer 18

YES UNIA formed 1910- The National Urban League formed by an alliance of black conservatives (led by Dr George E Haynes) and white philanthropists and social workers began to help black migrants find employment, housing and education

Answer 19

Hollywood epic film ‘Birth of a nation’ was based on Reverend Thomas Dixon Jr- Anti black play ‘The Clansman’- portrayed KKK as heroes and blacks as lazy This was featured in 1915 The kkk had dissolved before this

Answer 20

Not only anti black Also anyone who was ‘un american’ Jews Immigrants Roman Catholics

Answer 21

Over 100,000 members Late 1940s- dropped to 20,000 Appearance of burning cross- Thanksgiving Day 1920

Answer 22

Ida B Wells Marcus Garvey Booker T Washington W.E.B DuBois

Answer 23

AA activist -Modelled the Tushegee Institution, opened in 1888 in the Hampton school -Bought a farm of 40 acres —first time a black man spoke publicly in the same platform as whites in southern states BUT - In order to reduce racial conflict, he advises blacks to stop demanding equal rights and learn segregation - Washington was labelled as an accommodation racist and was criticised by northern blacks ATLANTA COMPROMISE SPEECH- success But people argued he miseducated 🛑

Answer 24

AA activist - 1st AA to recurve doctoral degree - Published the suppression of African slave trade to the USA - also published the soil of black folk - offered a programme v similar to that employed later during the civil rights movements 1960s - was an intergrationist- Didn’t get along w Washington He helped determine which racial polices and practices were acceptable MEH

Answer 25

AA activist - A Leading crusader against lynching - Journalist and newspaper editor is Memphis - began to campaign against lynching - member of NAACP (later left) - 1901- publishes book ‘Lynching and the excuse’ Her life was threatened and she was eventually forced out of the south ✅✅lynching steadily decreases National audience

Answer 26

AA activist -Involved in the Jamaican nationalist movement -established UNIA And recruited around 1,000 members for it in NY and Harlem -published weekly newspaper- ‘The Negro world’ - wide circulation -POWER -short of money to fund - 1920-24 Bois publishes ‘The crisis’ critical of Garvey -popularity decreases - 1922- Black Star line goes bankrupt - federal hoc indicated Garvey for mail fraud NAACP - launched ‘Garvey must go’ -5 year prison sentence ``` Gained ‘Garveysim’ followers Newspapers had wide circulation BUT Labelled black supremacist and even met w the KKK - seperatism 🛑🛑🛑🛑🛑🛑 ```