American History - Q2 Flashcards
First two peoples banned from emigrating to U.S.
Chinese, followed by Japanese
Booker T. Washington
Founded the 1890 schools
Believed school segregation was here to stay and worked to improve education from within the system
Founded Tuskegee school
1890 Schools
A series of segregated universities founded by Booker T. Washington
W.E.B. DuBois
Founded NAACP to advocate for desegregation of schools
Yellow Journalism
Journalism of the late 1800s and Early 1900s, named for the yellow color of the newspapers
William Randolph Hearst
News Mogul
Founded the Hearst Company (now known for reality TV)
Primarily Motivated by Money
Joseph Pulitzer
News Mogul
Primarily motivated by influencing the public
Labor Union
An organization that advocates for workers
Knights of Labor
Early Labor union that advocated for shorter work days (10 hrs.), a day off, and higher pay
Considered illegal by government, especially after a bomb exploded at one of their protests
Anarchism
Belief that a single violent act can change policy
Opposition to hierarchical government
Haymaker Riot
A Knights of Labor protest in which a bomb exploded, killing 7 police officers and several bystanders
Samuel Gompers
Cigar maker, founded AFL (American Federation of Labor)
Sit-Down Strike
A strike in which workers would refuse to work for 1-2 hours per day
William McKinley
25 President, Republican
Supported by big business
Populism
Support of laborers and farmers over corporations
Belief that laborers/rural folk will solve America’s problems
Bottom-up government
Influence of Sea Powers
Book by Alfred Mahan, advocated for reform of navy
Lillie Kawanie
Last queen of Hawaii
USS Maine
U.S. navy vessel sent to Cuba during rebellion to protect American interests
exploded in Cuba harbor, unknown if accident or sabotage
America’s excuse to begin Spanish-American war
Explosion of the USS Maine
America’s main gambling tourist destination prior to 1959
Cuba
Reason Theodore Roosevelt was disliked by other republicans
He sought sweeping reforms
Rough Riders
Military unit formed by Theodore Roosevelt as start of Spanish-American War
Eventually became 45th infantry division
Fought primarily in Cuba
Manilla
Primary city of Spanish-occupied Philippines
Reason Spain’s navy lost to the U.S. navy in Philippines
Wooden ships Vs. Iron ships
Didn’t know Americans were coming
City outside of which definitive battle of Spanish-American war was fought
Americans (specifically Rough Riders) won despite being outnunmbered 3:1
Santiago
Four Communities America annexed following Spanish-American war
Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico, American Samoa
Walter Reid
Doctor during the Spanish-American war
Cured Malaria by draining swamps
Largest U.S. hospital outside of D.C. named after him
Teller Ammendment
Gave Cuba independence after insurrection
Length of Filipino Insurrection
1901-1904
Win hearts and minds
Taft’s plan to ingratiate rebelling territories to U.S. by building infrastructure
Largely successful
2 Reasons American public grew increasingly anti-imperialistic during Filipino insurrection
High cost
Soldiers bringing STDs to U.S. from Filipino brothels
Boxer Rebellion
Terrorist attacks by native Chinese, usually young marital artists, against Westerners and Christians in China
Legation
A segregated, walled-off portion of a city in China were Westerners were required to live
President Roosevelt served as vice president under
William McKinley
City William McKinley was assassinated in
Buffalo, NY
16th Amendment
National income tax
Progressivism
Belief that science/academia can solve the world’s problems via government
Top-down form of government
President who began increase of federal government’s power
Theodore Roosevelt
Book that prompted reform of food regulation
The Jungle by Upton Sinclair
The 2 Food regulatory agencies created by Theodore Roosevelt
FDA and USDA
Agency founded by Theodore Roosevelt to regulate college athletics
NCAA
Territory whose statehood Roosevelt delayed due to concerns of Democrat-leaning populace
Indian Territory (now Oklahoma)
The 3 voting reforms introduced by Roosevelt (I.R.R.)
- Initiative: any voter citizen can introduce a potential law via petition
- Referendum: Citizens can vote on individual laws (usually tax laws)
- Recall: Any citizen can introduce a motion to remove an elected official via petition
Square Deal
Term introduced by Theodore Roosevelt, referencing the square plates common at the time
Fair deal
First President who supported laborers over corporations
Theodore Roosevelt
17th Ammendment
Senators were now determined by popular vote rather than government appointment
Theodore Roosevelt believed in what problematic theory?
Eugenics
What war is now considered the first race war of the 20th century?
The Russo-Japanese war
Eugenics
Belief that your DNA/physical characteristics determined your future success in life and that humanity’s problems must be “bred out”
When did the U.S. end forced sterilization of criminals and the mentally ill and why?
Great depression, due to lack of funds
William Howard Taft
President, R, following Theodore Roosevelt
Roosevelt’s handpicked successor
Why did Theodore Roosevelt have a falling out with Taft?
- Taft did not pursue progressive agendas as aggressively as Roosevelt wanted
- Taft allowed for oil drilling on land Roosevelt had deemed protective
Bull Moose Party
Progressive political party founded by Theodore Roosevelt when running against Taft
Woodrow Wilson
President, D, following Taft
Won due to Roosevelt and Taft splitting Republican vote
Very Pro-capitalist, pro-education, and pro-Christianity
Who was the only U.S. president to serve as chief justice on the supreme court?
William Howard Taft
New Freedom Policy
Woodrow Wilson’s Political agenda to spread democracy, capitalism, and Christianity to other nations
(future adopters dropped the Christianity aspect)
Which President hated European colonization of Africa and wanted Africa to be self-governed?
Woodrow Wilson
Self-Determination
The belief that a people should have the right to govern themselves, rather than be ruled by an outside power
Marine-corps Progressivism
American policy of spreading democracy and capitalism to other nations via deployment of U.S. military
Pancho Villa
Leader of Mexican Revolution
Attacked Columbus, NM and killed several Americans, prompting U.S. to send military into Mexico to apprehend him
What two technologies were first used by the U.S. while searching for Pancho Villa?
What American policy was first used in the same incident?
Armored vehicles
Airplanes
Marine-corps progressiveism
Why were most of Europe’s monarchs related?
Queen Victoria of England had many children whom married into various royal families
What countries formed the Central Powers?
What countries formed the Allies?
Germany, Austria-Hungray, Ottoman Empire (now Turkiye)
Britain, France, Russia
What year did WWI begin, and what year did the U.S. enter WWI?
Began in 1914
U.S. entered the war in 1917
Which country built the Suez Canal began the Panama Canal (but didn’t finish it)?
France
Why did many poor and working-class Americans originally support the Central Powers in WWI?
They were German immigrants or descended from German immigrants
Imperialism
Countries (primarily European) established colonies in Africa and Asia to exploit the people and natural resources
What is the approximate death toll of WWI?
100 million
Balkans
Southeast Europe, (Bosnia & Herzegovina, Serbia, Czechia, etc.)
By what political group were Franz Ferdinand and his wife assassinated
Serbian Nationalists
Dollar Brides
Wealthy American women that married English nobility to gain access to titles
Why did many Americans (especially the rich) initially support the Allies in WWI?
America used to be a British Colony
Many wealthy American families had ties to British nobility via dollar brides
What caused the U.S. to go from being the largest debtor nation the the largest creditor nation during WWI?
American sold food, ammunition, etc. to both sides of the war
What incident caused American sentiment to turn against Germany during WWI?
German U-boats sunk the U.S. passenger liner Lusitania, killing approx. 1200 people (incl. 128 Americans)
What caused Russia to drop out of WWI?
The first Russian Revolution
Second Russian Revolution
Occurred in November of the same year as the first revolution
Communist take over of Russia and murder of royal family
Zimmermann Note
Telegraph from Germany to Mexico asking Mexico to invade U.S., intercepted by U.K.
Reason U.S. entered WWI
Joseph Oklahombi
Choctaw code talker who fought in WWI
Single-handedly captured 170 German soldiers and a machine gun nest
Harlem Hellfighters
Segregated black unit that U.S. gave to France in WWI
Instrumental in stopping German army from reaching Paris
Which president wanted U.S. to join League of Nations?
Woodrow Wilson
What caused Woodrow Wilson to no longer be able to push his agenda during the presidence
He had a stroke
Idealistic Foreign Policy
The idea that America should cooperate with other nations
Realistic Foreign Policy
The idea that America should act independently of other nations
Fort Riley, KS
The origin of the Spanish Flu Outbreak in the U.S.
Ida Wells
Political activist known for support of suffrage and opposition to segregation and Jim Crow
19th Ammendment
Gave women the right to vote in federal elections (but not state)
Iron Jawed Angels
Suffrage group that protested outside white house
Got arrested for illegally voting and went on hunger strikes
Dr. Willa Strong
Advocated for equal rights in McAlester
Why do women wear white at State of the Union Address?
Support for women’s voting rights
A. Mitchell Palmer
Attorney general who led the Palmer raids
Palmer Raids
A series of raids conducted in 1910s and 1920s to capture and deport communists (also anarchists and socialists)
Approx. how many American were killed by the Spanish Flu epidemic?
700,000
