American History Post 1877 - Q1 Flashcards
14th Ammendment
Defined Citizenship
Gave all former slaves American Citizenship
Established that all citizens are equal under the law
Reconstruction
The rebuilding of both infrastructure and culture in the South after the American Civil War
Freedmen’s Bureau
A program in which Northern teachers were sent to the South to teach former slaves literacy, financial planning, vocational training, etc.
Sharecropping
A system in which people (usually former slaves) were provided land, but had to provide the former landowner a portion of their crop
Why was sharecropping problematic?
Sharecroppers were kept in continuous poverty debt to their landlords, so that landlords still effectively owned the sharecroppers
15th Ammendment
Gave all male citizens the right to vote, regardless of race
Ulysses S. Grant
18th President, R, supported reconstruction
How did the supreme court hinder reconstruction?
They declared that the military could not arrest civilians
Civilians had to be tried in local courts and therefore were often unpunished
Democratic Party (Pre WWII)
America’s conservative party and the primary political party of the South
Opposed reconstruction and racial equality, supported segregation
Rutherford B. Hayes
19th President, R, lost popular vote but won electoral college vote
Democrats agreed to let him attain the presidency in exchange for the end of reconstruction
Samuel J. Tilden
Candidate for 19th President, D, won popular vote but lost electoral college vote
His party agreed to cede claim to presidency in exchange for end of reconstruction
Black Codes
Laws intended to limit black people’s rights to own or lease property, conduct business, or use public space
Andrew Carnegie
Business Mogul, America’s First Billionaire
Four reasons for business boom in the U.S. in the late 1800s
- Cheap Energy
- Abundant, cheap labor
- Little-to-no government oversight
- Culture of competition
10% Plan
Abraham Lincoln’s plan for reconciliation with the south
- 10% of citizens from each Southern State swore to uphold federal and state laws
- Each Southern state abolished slavery
50% Plan
Congress’s plan for reconciliation with the South, and the plan that was actually used
- 50% of citizens from each Southern state swore to uphold federal and state laws
- Each Southern state abolished slavery
Military Reconstruction
Military occupation of the Southern states following the Civil War
Percentage of the workforce that was female by 1900
25%
State where oil was first found
Pennsylvania
The group that created time zones
Railraod companies
Amount of land on either side of their tracks that railroad companies received
6 miles
Emigration
Migration within a country, rather than from outside
Immigration
Migration into a country from outside
Center for meat packing industry
Chicago
Hull House
A repurposed mansion in Chicago that provided childcare, vocational training, etc. for immigrants
Founded by Jane Addams
Jane Addams
Founder of social work as a profession, and the first American woman to receiving the Nobel Peace Prize
Founded the Hull House in Chicago
Homestead Act
A program where the government provided 160 acres of land free to anyone willing to move to Montana, South Dakota, etc
Which Highway near McAlester was part of the cattle drive?
Hwy 75
