Airway Management

Question 1

what are the non-invasive, road side airway manouevers?

Answer 1

head tilt - chin lift

jaw thrust

Question 2

when would you not do a head tilt - chin lift?

Answer 2

if there was a neck injury suspected

Question 3

how do you perform a head tilt - chin lift?

Answer 3

one hand on forehead
one hand under chin
pull up and push back and down

Question 4

how do you perform a jaw thrust?

Answer 4

fingers on corner of jaw
heel of hand on maxilla
push jaw forwards
push mouth open with thumbs

Question 5

what airway manoeuvre do you use with a pocket mask?

Answer 5

head tilt - chin lift if no bag attached

jaw thrust if someone else bagging

Question 6

what are the indications for an oropharyngeal airway?

Answer 6

unresponsive patient

absent gag reflex

Question 7

contraindications for an OPA?

Answer 7

gag reflex

Question 8

what are the stages of inserting an OPA?

Answer 8

size
check for foreign bodies
invert
insert
rotate 
locate

Question 9

how do you size an OPA?

Answer 9

incisors to angle of the jaw

Question 10

what are the indications for a nasopharyngeal airway?

Answer 10

reduced GCS with an intact gag reflex

Question 11

what are the contra-indications for a NPA?

Answer 11

basal skull fracture
nasal polyps
won’t tolerate

Question 12

what size for female/male NPA?

Answer 12

male - 7

female - 6

Question 13

what are the stages of inserting a NPA?

Answer 13

size
lubricate (don't block airway)
insert with bevel facing septum
slight rotation
look listen feel to check

Question 14

how should you instruct someone to bag the patient using bag mask valve?

Answer 14

small, slow squeeze every 5 seconds

Question 15

what oxygen concentration does mouth to mouth deliver?

Answer 15

16%

Question 16

what oxygen concentration does mask and bag +oxygen + reservoir deliver?

Answer 16

90%

Question 17

what oxygen concentration does mouth to mask +oxygen deliver?

Answer 17

45-50%

Question 18

what oxygen concentration does mask and bag deliver?

Answer 18

21%

Question 19

what oxygen concentration does mask and bag + oxygen deliver?

Answer 19

50-55%

Question 20

what are the safety issues in the use of oxygen?

Answer 20

aids combustion - fire risk
keep away from alcohol, ethers and other flammable liquids
no smoking the in viscinity
electrical applainces
defibrillation
ensure cylinders are secure

Question 21

what are the hazards of oxygen therapy?

Answer 21

carbon dioxide narcosis (patients with chronic CO2 retention)
oxygen toxicity (prolonged high concentration of O2)
retrolental fibroplasia (premature babies)