Age and Sex-Related Differences

Question 1

Age at which child achieves maximum rate of growth during puberty

Answer 1

Peak height velocity

Question 2

Where does the majority of bone formation occur?

Answer 2

Diaphysis (central shaft of the long bone) and in the growth cartilage

Question 3

What are the 3 sites where growth cartilage is located?

Answer 3

The epiphyseal growth plate, the joint surface, and the apophyseal insertions of muscle-tendon units

Question 4

Amenorrhea is the absence of a menstrual cycle for more than___ months

Answer 4

3 months

Question 5

What are the top 2 areas of concern when prescribing resistance training programs for women?

Answer 5

1) Upper body development and 2) ACL injury prevention

Question 6

True or False: Women are 6x more likely to suffer an ACL injury than men

Answer 6

True; believed to be due to anatomical and hormonal factors as well as neuromuscular deficiency which leads to abnormal biomechanics

Question 7

Osteopenia is defined as bone mineral density between ___ and ___ standard deviations below the mean (of a healthy adult)

Answer 7

(-) 1 and (-) 2.5

Question 8

Osteoporosis is defined as bone mineral density greater than ___ standard deviations below the mean (of a healthy adult)

Answer 8

more than - 2.5 SD

Question 9

Term for loss of muscle mass and strength (often due to aging)

Answer 9

Sarcopenia

Question 10

True or False: Muscular power often declines faster than muscular strength in older adults

Answer 10

True; power training may have increased benefits over traditional progressive resistance training in older adults