A&P Quiz #5: Study Guide Questions from Chapters 31, 32, 33, and 48 Flashcards
1
Q
- The most important function(s) of the lymphatic system is/are:
a. fluid balance of the internal environment.
b. immunity.
c. both a and b.
d. none of the above.
A
- c. both a and b.
p. 729
Chapter 31: Lymphatic System
2
Q
- Lymphatic capillaries that operate in the villi of the small intestine are called:
a. lymphatics.
b. lacteals.
c. Peyer patches.
d. lymph nodes.
A
- b. lacteals.
p. 730
Chapter 31: Lymphatic System
3
Q
- Lymph from the entire body drains into the thoracic duct, except lymph from the:
a. upper right quadrant.
b. upper left quadrant.
c. lower limbs.
d. entire head and neck.
A
- a. upper right quadrant.
p. 731
Chapter 31: Lymphatic System
4
Q
- Which of the following is not a difference between lymphatics and veins?
a. Lymphatics have thinner walls.
b. Lymphatics contain more valves.
c. Lymphatics contain lymph nodes.
d. Lymphatics endure greater pressure.
A
- d. Lymphatics endure greater pressure.
p. 731
Chapter 31: Lymphatic System
5
Q
- If lymphatic return is blocked, which of the following will not occur?
a. Blood protein concentration will fall.
b. Blood osmotic pressure will fall.
c. CO2 levels in the blood will rise.
d. Fluid imbalance will occur.
A
- c. CO2 levels in the blood will rise.
p. 732
Chapter 31: Lymphatic System
6
Q
- Lymphatic circulation is maintained by all of the following except:
a. breathing movements.
b. heart.
c. skeletal muscle contractions.
d. valves.
A
- b. heart.
p. 733
Chapter 31: Lymphatic System
7
Q
- Lymphatic circulation begins with lymphatic:
a. capillaries.
b. veins.
c. venules.
d. arterioles.
A
- a. capillaries.
p. 732
Chapter 31: Lymphatic System
8
Q
- The small depression of a lymph node from which the efferent lymph vessel arises is termed the:
a. sinus.
b. hilum.
c. capsule.
d. nodule.
A
- b. hilum.
p. 735
Chapter 31: Lymphatic System
9
Q
- The lymph nodes located in front of the ear are called the:
a. submaxillary groups.
b. inguinal lymph nodes.
c. cervical lymph nodes.
d. none of the above.
A
- d. none of the above.
p. 734
Chapter 31: Lymphatic System
10
Q
- An infection of a lymph node is called:
a. adenitis.
b. noditis.
c. lymphitis.
d. lysis.
A
- a. adenitis.
p. 737
Chapter 31: Lymphatic System
11
Q
- The lymphatic tissue of lymph nodes serves as the final maturation site for:
a. monocytes.
b. lymphocytes.
c. both a and b.
d. none of the above.
A
- c. both a and b.
p. 737
Chapter 31: Lymphatic System
12
Q
- Over 85% of the lymph from the breast enters lymph nodes of the:
a. axillary region.
b. supraclavicular region.
c. brachial region.
d. subscapular region.
A
- a. axillary region.
p. 739
Chapter 31: Lymphatic System
13
Q
- The breast—mammary gland and surrounding tissue—is drained by:
a. lymphatics that originate in and drain the skin over the breast, with the exception of the areola and nipple.
b. lymphatics that originate in and drain the substance of the breast itself, including the skin of the areola and nipple.
c. both a and b.
d. none of the above.
A
- c. both a and b.
p. 738
Chapter 31: Lymphatic System
14
Q
- Adenoids are swollen:
a. pharyngeal tonsils.
b. palatine tonsils.
c. lingual tonsils.
d. none of the above.
A
- a. pharyngeal tonsils.
p. 744
Chapter 31: Lymphatic System
15
Q
- The thymus secretes:
a. T3.
b. T4.
c. thymosin.
d. both a and c.
A
- c. thymosin.
p. 740
Chapter 31: Lymphatic System
16
Q
- The thymus is located:
a. deep to the thyroid.
b. in the axillary region.
c. in the mediastinum.
d. none of the above
A
- c. in the mediastinum.
p. 739
Chapter 31: Lymphatic System
17
Q
- Which of the following cells is not involved with innate immunity?
a. natural killer cells
b. neutrophils
c. macrophages
d. all of the above are involved with innate immunity
A
- d. all of the above are involved with innate immunity
p. 751
Chapter 32: Innate Immunity
18
Q
- The “first line of defense” in innate immunity is:
a. inflammation.
b. phagocytosis.
c. mechanical and chemical barriers.
d. complement.
A
- c. mechanical and chemical barriers.
p. 752
Chapter 32: Innate Immunity
19
Q
- About 15% of the total number of lymphocyte cells are:
a. natural killer (NK) cells.
b. macrophages.
c. neutrophils.
d. interferon.
A
- a. natural killer (NK) cells.
p. 757
Chapter 32: Innate Immunity
20
Q
- The most numerous type of phagocyte is the:
a. neutrophil.
b. macrophage.
c. histocyte.
d. Kupffer cell.
A
- a. neutrophil.
p. 756
Chapter 32: Innate Immunity
21
Q
- Which of the following is a phagocytic monocyte that migrates out of the bloodstream?
a. neutrophil
b. macrophage
c. phagosome
d. none of the above
A
- b. macrophage
p. 756
Chapter 32: Innate Immunity
22
Q
- B cells and T cells are examples of:
a. monocytes.
b. lymphocytes.
c. neutrophils.
d. macrophages.
A
- b. lymphocytes.
p. 763
Chapter 33: Adaptive Immunity
23
Q
- Cell-mediated immunity involves:
a. B cells.
b. T cells.
c. both a and b.
d. neither a nor b.
A
- b. T cells.
p. 763
Chapter 33: Adaptive Immunity
24
Q
- The T cell subsets that are clinically important in diagnosing AIDS are:
a. CD4.
b. CD8.
c. neither a nor b.
d. both a and b.
A
- d. both a and b.
p. 763
Chapter 33: Adaptive Immunity
25
Q
- An antibody consists of:
a. two heavy and two light polypeptide chains.
b. two heavy and one light polypeptide chains.
c. one heavy and two light polypeptide chains.
d. one heavy and one light polypeptide chain.
A
- a. two heavy and two light polypeptide chains.
p. 766
Chapter 33: Adaptive Immunity
26
Q
- The amount of antibodies in a person’s blood in response to exposure to a pathogen is called:
a. toxoid.
b. titer.
c. both a and b.
d. none of the above.
A
- b. titer.
p. 770
Chapter 33: Adaptive Immunity
27
Q
- The most abundant circulating antibody is:
a. IgM
b. IgG.
c. IgA.
d. IgE.
A
- b. IgG.
p. 767
Chapter 33: Adaptive Immunity
28
Q
- The specific cells that secrete antibodies are:
a. B cells.
b. T cells.
c. plasma cells.
d. none of the above.
A
- c. plasma cells.
p. 766
Chapter 33: Adaptive Immunity
29
Q
- T cells are sensitized by:
a. direct exposure to an antigen.
b. presentation of an antigen by an antigen- presenting cell.
c. antibodies produced by B cells.
d. lymphokines.
A
- b. presentation of an antigen by an antigen- presenting cell.
p. 771
Chapter 33: Adaptive Immunity
30
Q
- Complement can best be described as:
a. an antibody.
b. an enzyme in the blood plasma.
c. a hormone.
d. a lymphokine.
A
- b. an enzyme in the blood plasma.
p. 768
Chapter 33: Adaptive Immunity
31
Q
- The chemical messengers that T cells release into inflamed tissues are called:
a. pathogens.
b. cytokines.
c. lymphotoxins.
d. suppressor cells.
A
- b. cytokines.
p. 772
Chapter 33: Adaptive Immunity
32
Q
- T cells do which of the following?
a. develop in the thymus
b. form memory cells
c. form plasma cells
d. all of the above
A
- a. develop in the thymus
p. 771
Chapter 33: Adaptive Immunity
33
Q
- Acquired immune deficiency syndrome is characterized by which of the following?
a. caused by a retrovirus
b. causes inadequate T cell formation
c. can result in death from cancer
d. all of the above
A
- d. all of the above
p. 780
Chapter 33: Adaptive Immunity
34
Q
- B cells do which of the following?
a. develop into plasma cells and memory cells
b. secrete antibodies
c. develop from primitive cells in bone marrow called stem cells and then into naïve B cells
d. all of the above
A
- d. all of the above
p. 766
Chapter 33: Adaptive Immunity
35
Q
- Which of the following kills invading cells by drilling a hole in their plasma membrane?
a. interferon
b. complement
c. antibody
d. memory cell
A
- b. complement
p. 768
Chapter 33: Adaptive Immunity
36
Q
- What is a rapidly growing population of identical cells that produce large quantities of specific antibodies called?
a. complementary
b. lymphotoxic
c. chemotactic
d. monoclonal
A
- d. monoclonal
p. 769
Chapter 33: Adaptive Immunity
37
Q
- Which of the following is a form of passive natural immunity?
a. A child develops measles and acquires immunity to subsequent exposure.
b. Antibodies are injected into an infected individual.
c. An infant receives protection through its mother’s milk.
d. Vaccinations are given against smallpox.
A
- c. An infant receives protection through its mother’s milk.
p. 767
Chapter 33: Adaptive Immunity
38
Q
- When its genetic codes are being expressed, DNA is in a threadlike form called:
a. mRNA.
b. chromosomes.
c. chromatin.
d. tRNA.
A
- c. chromatin.
p. 1127
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
39
Q
- Each DNA molecule can be called either a chromatin strand or a:
a. gene.
b. genome.
c. chromosome.
d. gamete.
A
- c. chromosome.
p. 1127
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
40
Q
- A person with a genotype expressed as AA is said to be:
a. heterozygous recessive.
b. heterozygous dominant.
c. homozygous recessive.
d. homozygous dominant.
A
- d. homozygous dominant.
p. 1131
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
41
Q
- Both males and females need at least:
a. one normal Y chromosome.
b. two normal X chromosomes.
c. one normal X chromosome.
d. two normal Y chromosomes.
A
- c. one normal X chromosome.
p. 1133
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
42
Q
- The entire collection of genetic material in each typical cell of the human body is called the:
a. genome.
b. chromosome.
c. genotype.
d. phenotype.
A
- a. genome.
p. 1128
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
43
Q
- Mutations are caused:
a. spontaneously.
b. by mutagens.
c. by environmental agents that damage DNA.
d. all of the above.
A
- d. all of the above.
p. 1135
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
44
Q
- Red-green color blindness is an example of an X-linked recessive condition. If X is normal, X1 is recessive, and Y is normal, an individual with the genotype XX1 will be a:
a. normal male.
b. color-blind male.
c. normal female and a carrier.
d. normal female and not a carrier.
A
- c. normal female and a carrier.
pp. 1134-1135
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
45
Q
- The scientific study of genetics began in the:
a. 16th century.
b. 17th century.
c. 18th century.
d. 19th century.
A
- d. 19th century.
p. 1127
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
46
Q
- Trisomy and monosomy result from:
a. an error in meiosis called disjunction.
b. an error in meiosis called nondisjunction.
c. single-gene abnormality.
d. chromosome breakage.
A
- b. an error in meiosis called nondisjunction.
p. 1136
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
47
Q
- Trisomy 21 is also called:
a. Klinefelter syndrome.
b. Down syndrome.
c. Turner syndrome.
d. cystic fibrosis.
A
- b. Down syndrome.
pp. 1139-1140
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
48
Q
- A person with the sex chromosomes XXY is afflicted with:
a. Klinefelter syndrome.
b. Down syndrome.
c. Turner syndrome.
d. cystic fibrosis.
A
- a. Klinefelter syndrome.
p. 1140
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
49
Q
- Which of the following is not a recessive X-linked genetic disease?
a. hemophilia
b. red-green color blindness
c. sickle-cell anemia
d. cleft palate
A
- c. sickle-cell anemia
p. 1132
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
50
Q
- Which of the following abnormal genes are linked to some form of cancer?
a. codominant genes
b. tumor suppressor genes
c. oncogenes
d. recessive genes
A
- c. oncogenes
p. 1141
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
51
Q
- A grid used to determine the mathematical probability of inheriting genetic traits is called:
a. a pedigree.
b. a Punnett square.
c. amniocentesis.
d. a chorionic villus sampling.
A
- b. a Punnett square.
pp. 1141-1142
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
52
Q
- Which of the following genetic diseases can be treated to some degree, if diagnosed early?
a. PKU
b. Turner syndrome
c. Klinefelter syndrome
d. all of the above
A
- d. all of the above
pp. 1137; 1140-1141
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
53
Q
- In
a. genetically altered cells are introduced into the body.
b. genetic disease is treated by inducing an alteration in metabolism.
c. synthetic hormones are used to relieve symptoms.
d. genes that specify production of abnormal, disease-causing proteins are replaced by normal, or “therapeutic,” genes.
A
- d. genes that specify production of abnormal, disease-causing proteins are replaced by normal, or “therapeutic,” genes.
p. 1143
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
54
Q
- Disorders that involve trisomy or monosomy can be detected after a __________ is produced.
a. genotype
b. phenotype
c. karyotype
d. polytype
A
- c. karyotype
p. 1142
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
55
Q
- Cells that display distinct chromosomes during collection via amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling are in:
a. prophase.
b. metaphase.
c. anaphase.
d. telophase.
A
- b. metaphase.
p. 1142
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
56
Q
- Independent assortment of chromosomes ensures:
a. each offspring from a single set of parents is genetically unique.
b. at meiosis each gamete receives the same number of chromosomes.
c. that the sex chromosomes always match.
d. an equal number of males and females are born.
A
- a. each offspring from a single set of parents is genetically unique.
p. 1130
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
57
Q
- Which of the following statements is not true of a pedigree?
a. It is useful to genetic counselors in predicting the possibility of producing offspring with genetic disorders.
b. It may allow a person to determine his or her likelihood of developing a genetic disorder later in life.
c. It indicates the occurrence of those family members affected by a trait, as well as carriers of the trait.
d. All of the above are true of a pedigree.
A
- d. All of the above are true of a pedigree.
p. 1141
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
58
Q
- The genes that cause albinism are:
a. codominant.
b. dominant.
c. recessive.
d. AA.
A
- c. recessive.
p. 1131
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
59
Q
- During meiosis, matching pairs of chromosomes line up and exchange genes from their location to the same location on the other side; a process called:
a. gene linkage.
b. crossing over.
c. cross-linkage.
d. genetic variation.
A
- b. crossing over.
p. 1130
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
60
Q
- When a sperm cell unites with an ovum, a _________ is formed.
a. zygote
b. chromosome
c. gamete
d. none of the above
A
- a. zygote
p. 1130
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
61
Q
- DNA molecules can also be called:
a. a chromatin strand.
b. a chromosome.
c. a and b.
d. none of the above.
A
- c. a and b.
p. 1127
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
62
Q
- Sex-linked traits:
a. show up more often in females than in males.
b. are nonsexual traits carried on sex chromosomes.
c. are the result of genetic mutation.
d. all of the above.
A
- b. are nonsexual traits carried on sex chromosomes.
p. 1134
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
63
Q
- If a person has only X chromosomes, that person is:
a. missing essential proteins.
b. abnormal.
c. female.
d. male.
A
- c. female.
p. 1133
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
64
Q
- A karyotype:
a. can detect trisomy.
b. is useful for diagnosing a tubal pregnancy.
c. is frequently used as a tool in gene augmentation therapy.
d. can detect the presence of oncogenes.
A
- a. can detect trisomy.
p. 1142
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
65
Q
- Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
a. osteogenesis imperfecta—dominant
b. Turner syndrome—trisomy
c. PKU—recessive
d. cystic fibrosis—recessive
A
- b. Turner syndrome—trisomy
p. 1141
Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity
