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xxx Term 2: BIO 202.2 Human A&P II > A&P Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands > Flashcards

A&P Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. The pituitary is attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk called the:
    a. physis.
    b. infundibulum.
    c. pars intermedia.
    d. none of the above.
A
  1. b. infundibulum.
    p. 580

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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2
Q
  1. The vascular link between the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis is called the:
    a. hypophyseal portal system.
    b. hepatic portal system.
    c. releasing hormone portal system.
    d. both a and c.
A
  1. a. hypophyseal portal system.
    p. 583

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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3
Q
  1. Which of the following links the nervous system with the endocrine system?
    a. pituitary
    b. pineal gland
    c. thalamus
    d. hypothalamus
A
  1. d. hypothalamus
    p. 585

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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4
Q
  1. Hypersecretion of prolactin can cause:
    a. insufficient milk production in nursing women.
    b. atrophy of breast tissue in non-nursing women.
    c. impotence in men.
    d. both a and b.
A
  1. c. impotence in men.
    p. 582

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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5
Q
  1. Psychosomatic and somatopsychic relationships between human body systems and the brain:
    a. are not believed to exist.
    b. are a real phenomenon.
    c. have a minimal effect on human physiology.
    d. none of the above.
A
  1. b. are a real phenomenon.
    p. 585

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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6
Q
  1. ______ promotes development and secretion in the adrenal cortex
    a. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
    b. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
    c. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
    d. growth hormone (GH)
    e. luteinizing hormone (LH)
    f. tropic hormone
    g. oxytocin (OT)
    h. prolactin (PRL)
    i. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
A
  1. a. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
    p. 583

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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7
Q
  1. ______ promotes growth by stimulating protein anabolism and fat mobilization
    a. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
    b. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
    c. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
    d. growth hormone (GH)
    e. luteinizing hormone (LH)
    f. tropic hormone
    g. oxytocin (OT)
    h. prolactin (PRL)
    i. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
A
  1. d. growth hormone (GH)
    p. 581

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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8
Q
  1. ______ promotes development of ovarian follicles in females and sperm in males
    a. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
    b. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
    c. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
    d. growth hormone (GH)
    e. luteinizing hormone (LH)
    f. tropic hormone
    g. oxytocin (OT)
    h. prolactin (PRL)
    i. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
A
  1. c. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
    p. 583

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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9
Q
  1. ______ triggers ovulation in females and production of testosterone in males
    a. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
    b. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
    c. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
    d. growth hormone (GH)
    e. luteinizing hormone (LH)
    f. tropic hormone
    g. oxytocin (OT)
    h. prolactin (PRL)
    i. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
A
  1. e. luteinizing hormone (LH)
    p. 583

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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10
Q
  1. ______ promotes milk secretion
    a. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
    b. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
    c. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
    d. growth hormone (GH)
    e. luteinizing hormone (LH)
    f. tropic hormone
    g. oxytocin (OT)
    h. prolactin (PRL)
    i. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
A
  1. h. prolactin (PRL)
    p. 582

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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11
Q
  1. ______ stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection into mammary ducts
    a. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
    b. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
    c. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
    d. growth hormone (GH)
    e. luteinizing hormone (LH)
    f. tropic hormone
    g. oxytocin (OT)
    h. prolactin (PRL)
    i. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
A
  1. g. oxytocin (OT)
    p. 586

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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12
Q
  1. ______ stimulates the synthesis and secretion of target hormones
    a. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
    b. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
    c. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
    d. growth hormone (GH)
    e. luteinizing hormone (LH)
    f. tropic hormone
    g. oxytocin (OT)
    h. prolactin (PRL)
    i. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
A
  1. f. tropic hormone
    p. 582

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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13
Q
  1. ______ stimulates development and secretion in the thyroid gland
    a. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
    b. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
    c. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
    d. growth hormone (GH)
    e. luteinizing hormone (LH)
    f. tropic hormone
    g. oxytocin (OT)
    h. prolactin (PRL)
    i. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
A
  1. i. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
    p. 582

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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14
Q
  1. ______ promotes water retention in kidney tubules
    a. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
    b. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
    c. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
    d. growth hormone (GH)
    e. luteinizing hormone (LH)
    f. tropic hormone
    g. oxytocin (OT)
    h. prolactin (PRL)
    i. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
A
  1. b. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
    p. 586

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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15
Q
  1. Which thyroid hormone is released in greatest quantity?
    a. T3
    b. T4
    c. triiodothyronine
    d. calcitonin
A
  1. b. T4
    p. 588

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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16
Q
  1. The principal thyroid hormone is:
    a. thyroxine.
    b. triiodothyronine.
    c. T4.
    d. both a and c.
A
  1. b. triiodothyronine.
    p. 588

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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17
Q
  1. The two lobes of the thyroid are connected by the:
    a. infundibulum.
    b. isthmus.
    c. peninsula.
    d. islet.
A
  1. b. isthmus.
    p. 587

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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18
Q
  1. High blood calcium levels can cause all of the following except:
    a. constipation.
    b. muscle spasms.
    c. lethargy.
    d. coma.
A
  1. b. muscle spasms.
    p. 591

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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19
Q
  1. PTH increases calcium absorption in the intestines by activating:
    a. vitamin A.
    b. vitamin C.
    c. vitamin D.
    d. iron.
A
  1. c. vitamin D.
    p. 590

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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20
Q
  1. ______ Calcitonin in humans does not seem to have a great effect.

True or False

A
  1. True
    p. 589

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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21
Q
  1. ______ The parathyroid glands are located on the anterior surface of the thyroid gland.

True or False

A
  1. False
    p. 589

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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22
Q
  1. ______ Hypersecretion of thyroid hormone can cause Graves disease.

True or False

A
  1. True
    p. 590

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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23
Q
  1. ______ The pineal gland functions to support the body’s biological clock.

True or False

A
  1. True
    p. 587

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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24
Q
  1. ______ The structural units of thyroid tissue are called colloids.

True or False

A
  1. False
    p. 587

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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25
Q
  1. Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the adrenal cortex?
    a. aldosterone
    b. epinephrine
    c. adrenal androgens
    d. adrenal estrogens
A
  1. b. epinephrine
    p. 594

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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26
Q
  1. Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the adrenal medulla?
    a. epinephrine
    b. norepinephrine
    c. adrenaline
    d. all of the above are secreted by the adrenal medulla
A
  1. d. all of the above are secreted by the adrenal medulla
    p. 595

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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27
Q
  1. The most physiologically important mineralocorticoid is:
    a. aldosterone.
    b. angiotensin II.
    c. renin.
    d. angiotensin I.
A
  1. a. aldosterone.
    p. 593

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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28
Q
  1. ______ The outer portion of the adrenal gland is called the adrenal cortex.

True or False

A
  1. True
    p. 592

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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29
Q
  1. ______ Hypersecretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex produces a collection of symptoms called Addison disease.

True or False

A
  1. False
    p. 595

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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30
Q
  1. ______ The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism is a negative feedback mechanism that helps maintain homeostasis of blood pressure.

True or False

A
  1. True
    p. 594

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

31
Q
  1. Glucagon functions to:
    a. promote the entry of glucose into cells.
    b. convert glucose into glycogen.
    c. increase blood glucose concentration.
    d. decrease blood glucose concentration.
A
  1. c. increase blood glucose concentration.
    p. 596

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

32
Q
  1. Insulin functions to:
    a. decrease blood concentration of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids.
    b. increase blood concentration of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids.
    c. inhibit the secretion of growth hormone.
    d. both a and c.
A
  1. a. decrease blood concentration of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids.
    p. 596

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

33
Q
  1. ______ Somatostatin has the primary role of inhibiting the secretion of pancreatic hormones.

True or False

A
  1. True
    p. 596

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

34
Q
  1. ______ Pancreatic polypeptide is the dominant pancreatic hormone in the regulation of blood glucose homeostasis.

True or False

A
  1. False
    p. 597

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

35
Q
  1. ______ insulin
    a. alpha cells
    b. beta cells
    c. delta cells
    d. pancreatic polypeptide cells
A
  1. b. beta cells
    p. 596

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

36
Q
  1. ______ somatostatin
    a. alpha cells
    b. beta cells
    c. delta cells
    d. pancreatic polypeptide cells
A
  1. c. delta cells
    p. 596

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

37
Q
  1. ______ glucagon
    a. alpha cells
    b. beta cells
    c. delta cells
    d. pancreatic polypeptide cells
A
  1. a. alpha cells
    p. 596

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

38
Q
  1. ______ pancreatic polypeptide
    a. alpha cells
    b. beta cells
    c. delta cells
    d. pancreatic polypeptide cells
A
  1. d. pancreatic polypeptide cells
    p. 596

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

39
Q
  1. The major hormone produced by the corpus luteum is:
    a. progesterone.
    b. estrogen.
    c. human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
    d. none of the above.
A
  1. a. progesterone.
    p. 598

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

40
Q
  1. Testosterone is produced by:
    a. seminiferous tubules.
    b. interstitial cells.
    c. LH.
    d. the scrotum.
A
  1. b. interstitial cells.
    p. 598

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

41
Q
  1. The hormone that can be detected during the early part of a woman’s pregnancy with an over-the-counter kit is:
    a. LH.
    b. estrogen.
    c. hCG.
    d. atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH).
A
  1. c. hCG.
    p. 598

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

42
Q
  1. ______ Thymosin is a major digestive hormone.

True or False

A
  1. False
    p. 598

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

43
Q
  1. ______ ANH aids in the homeostasis of blood volume and blood pressure.

True or False

A
  1. False
    p. 600

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

44
Q
  1. ______ Secretin plays a major regulatory role in the digestive process.

True or False

A
  1. True
    p. 599

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

45
Q
  1. ______ acromegaly
    a. hypersecretion of ACTH
    b. lack of iodine
    c. hypersecretion of thyroid hormone
    d. hypersecretion of melatonin
    e. hypersecretion of GH (adults)
    f. extreme hyposecretion of thyroid (adult)
    g. hyposecretion of estrogen in postmenopausal women
    h. hyposecretion of adrenal cortex
A
  1. e. hypersecretion of GH (adults)
    p. 601

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

46
Q
  1. ______ Addison disease
    a. hypersecretion of ACTH
    b. lack of iodine
    c. hypersecretion of thyroid hormone
    d. hypersecretion of melatonin
    e. hypersecretion of GH (adults)
    f. extreme hyposecretion of thyroid (adult)
    g. hyposecretion of estrogen in postmenopausal women
    h. hyposecretion of adrenal cortex
A
  1. h. hyposecretion of adrenal cortex
    p. 601

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

47
Q
  1. ______ Cushing disease
    a. hypersecretion of ACTH
    b. lack of iodine
    c. hypersecretion of thyroid hormone
    d. hypersecretion of melatonin
    e. hypersecretion of GH (adults)
    f. extreme hyposecretion of thyroid (adult)
    g. hyposecretion of estrogen in postmenopausal women
    h. hyposecretion of adrenal cortex
A
  1. a. hypersecretion of ACTH
    p. 601

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

48
Q
  1. ______ Graves disease
    a. hypersecretion of ACTH
    b. lack of iodine
    c. hypersecretion of thyroid hormone
    d. hypersecretion of melatonin
    e. hypersecretion of GH (adults)
    f. extreme hyposecretion of thyroid (adult)
    g. hyposecretion of estrogen in postmenopausal women
    h. hyposecretion of adrenal cortex
A
  1. c. hypersecretion of thyroid hormone
    p. 601

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

49
Q
  1. ______ myxedema
    a. hypersecretion of ACTH
    b. lack of iodine
    c. hypersecretion of thyroid hormone
    d. hypersecretion of melatonin
    e. hypersecretion of GH (adults)
    f. extreme hyposecretion of thyroid (adult)
    g. hyposecretion of estrogen in postmenopausal women
    h. hyposecretion of adrenal cortex
A
  1. f. extreme hyposecretion of thyroid (adult)
    p. 602

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

50
Q
  1. ______ osteoporosis
    a. hypersecretion of ACTH
    b. lack of iodine
    c. hypersecretion of thyroid hormone
    d. hypersecretion of melatonin
    e. hypersecretion of GH (adults)
    f. extreme hyposecretion of thyroid (adult)
    g. hyposecretion of estrogen in postmenopausal women
    h. hyposecretion of adrenal cortex
A
  1. g. hyposecretion of estrogen in postmenopausal women
    p. 602

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

51
Q
  1. ______ simple goiter
    a. hypersecretion of ACTH
    b. lack of iodine
    c. hypersecretion of thyroid hormone
    d. hypersecretion of melatonin
    e. hypersecretion of GH (adults)
    f. extreme hyposecretion of thyroid (adult)
    g. hyposecretion of estrogen in postmenopausal women
    h. hyposecretion of adrenal cortex
A
  1. b. lack of iodine
    p. 602

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

52
Q
  1. ______ winter depression
    a. hypersecretion of ACTH
    b. lack of iodine
    c. hypersecretion of thyroid hormone
    d. hypersecretion of melatonin
    e. hypersecretion of GH (adults)
    f. extreme hyposecretion of thyroid (adult)
    g. hyposecretion of estrogen in postmenopausal women
    h. hyposecretion of adrenal cortex
A
  1. d. hypersecretion of melatonin
    p. 602

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

53
Q

Applying What You Know!

  1. After a visit with the doctor, Amanda and Bill were elated to learn of the high levels of hCG in Amanda’s urine.

Question A.
Why would this couple be so delighted?

Question B.
Which organ produced this hormone in her body?

Question C.
What is its function?

A
  1. (a) hCG is high during early pregnancy
    (b) placenta
    (c) It forms on the lining of the uterus as an interface between the circulatory systems of the mother and the developing child. It is a temporary endocrine gland.

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

54
Q

Applying What You Know!

  1. Dania has been experiencing excessive thirst, hunger, and copious urination.

Question A.
Which endocrine system syndrome may she be experiencing?

Question B.
What are the actual physiologic mechanisms that are causing her symptoms?

Question C.
How is she most likely to be treated?

A
  1. (a) diabetes mellitus
    (b) inadequate amount or abnormal type of insulin
    (c) insulin

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

55
Q
  1. What does the outer zone of the adrenal cortex secrete?
    a. mineralocorticoids
    b. sex hormones
    c. glucocorticoids
    d. epinephrine
A
  1. a. mineralocorticoids
    p. 592

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

56
Q
  1. From what condition does diabetes insipidus result?
    a. low insulin levels
    b. high glucagon levels
    c. low antidiuretic hormone levels
    d. high steroid levels
A
  1. c. low antidiuretic hormone levels
    p. 586

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

57
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is true regarding a young child whose growth is stunted, metabolism is low, sexual development is delayed, and mental development is retarded?
    a. The child may suffer from cretinism.
    b. The child may have an underactive thyroid.
    c. Profound manifestations of the described condition may result in deformed dwarfism.
    d. all of the above
A
  1. d. all of the above
    p. 590

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

58
Q
  1. What can result when too much growth hormone is produced by the pituitary gland?
    a. hyperglycemia
    b. a pituitary giant
    c. both a and b
    d. none of the above
A
  1. c. both a and b
    p. 582

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

59
Q
  1. Which of the following glands is/are not regulated by the pituitary?
    a. thyroid
    b. ovaries
    c. adrenals
    d. thymus
A
  1. d. thymus
    p. 580

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

60
Q
  1. Which of the following statements about the antidiuretic hormone is true?
    a. It is released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary.
    b. It causes diabetes insipidus when produced in insufficient amounts.
    c. It decreases urine volume.
    d. all of the above
A
  1. d. all of the above
    pp. 585 and 586

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

61
Q
  1. What controls the development of the body’s immune system?
    a. pituitary
    b. thymus
    c. pineal body
    d. thyroid
A
  1. b. thymus
    p. 598

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

62
Q
  1. Administration of which of the following would best treat a person suffering from rheumatoid arthritis?
    a. gonadocorticoids
    b. glucagon
    c. mineralocorticoids
    d. glucocorticoids
A
  1. d. glucocorticoids
    p. 595

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

63
Q
  1. Which endocrine gland is composed of cell clusters called the islets of Langerhans?
    a. adrenals
    b. thyroid
    c. pituitary
    d. pancreas
A
  1. d. pancreas
    p. 595

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

64
Q
  1. The normal adrenal cortex secretes small amounts of _________________.
    a. epinephrine
    b. androgens
    c. ADH
    d. hCG
A
  1. b. androgens
    p. 594

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

65
Q
  1. ______ goiter
    a. glucocorticoid hormones
    b. antidiuretic hormone
    c. mineralocorticoid
    d. oxytocin
    e. growth hormone
    f. placenta
    g. luteinizing hormone
    h. insulin
    i. prolactin
    j. thyroid hormones
A
  1. j. thyroid hormones
    p. 602

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

66
Q
  1. ______ ovulation
    a. glucocorticoid hormones
    b. antidiuretic hormone
    c. mineralocorticoid
    d. oxytocin
    e. growth hormone
    f. placenta
    g. luteinizing hormone
    h. insulin
    i. prolactin
    j. thyroid hormones
A
  1. g. luteinizing hormone
    p. 587

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

67
Q
  1. ______ diabetes mellitus
    a. glucocorticoid hormones
    b. antidiuretic hormone
    c. mineralocorticoid
    d. oxytocin
    e. growth hormone
    f. placenta
    g. luteinizing hormone
    h. insulin
    i. prolactin
    j. thyroid hormones
A
  1. h. insulin
    p. 602

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

68
Q
  1. ______ lactation
    a. glucocorticoid hormones
    b. antidiuretic hormone
    c. mineralocorticoid
    d. oxytocin
    e. growth hormone
    f. placenta
    g. luteinizing hormone
    h. insulin
    i. prolactin
    j. thyroid hormones
A
  1. i. prolactin
    p. 587

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

69
Q
  1. ______ diabetes insipidus
    a. glucocorticoid hormones
    b. antidiuretic hormone
    c. mineralocorticoid
    d. oxytocin
    e. growth hormone
    f. placenta
    g. luteinizing hormone
    h. insulin
    i. prolactin
    j. thyroid hormones
A
  1. b. antidiuretic hormone
    p. 601

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

70
Q
  1. ______ human chorionic gonadotropin
    a. glucocorticoid hormones
    b. antidiuretic hormone
    c. mineralocorticoid
    d. oxytocin
    e. growth hormone
    f. placenta
    g. luteinizing hormone
    h. insulin
    i. prolactin
    j. thyroid hormones
A
  1. f. placenta
    p. 599

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

71
Q
  1. ______ Cushing syndrome
    a. glucocorticoid hormones
    b. antidiuretic hormone
    c. mineralocorticoid
    d. oxytocin
    e. growth hormone
    f. placenta
    g. luteinizing hormone
    h. insulin
    i. prolactin
    j. thyroid hormones
A
  1. a. glucocorticoid hormones
    p. 601

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

72
Q
  1. ______ labor
    a. glucocorticoid hormones
    b. antidiuretic hormone
    c. mineralocorticoid
    d. oxytocin
    e. growth hormone
    f. placenta
    g. luteinizing hormone
    h. insulin
    i. prolactin
    j. thyroid hormones
A
  1. d. oxytocin
    p. 587

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

73
Q
  1. ______ acromegaly
    a. glucocorticoid hormones
    b. antidiuretic hormone
    c. mineralocorticoid
    d. oxytocin
    e. growth hormone
    f. placenta
    g. luteinizing hormone
    h. insulin
    i. prolactin
    j. thyroid hormones
A
  1. e. growth hormone
    p. 601

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

74
Q
  1. ______ aldosterone
    a. glucocorticoid hormones
    b. antidiuretic hormone
    c. mineralocorticoid
    d. oxytocin
    e. growth hormone
    f. placenta
    g. luteinizing hormone
    h. insulin
    i. prolactin
    j. thyroid hormones
A
  1. c. mineralocorticoid
    p. 593

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

xxx Term 2: BIO 202.2 Human A&P II (20 decks)

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