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xxx Term 2: BIO 202.2 Human A&P II > A&P Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling > Flashcards

A&P Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  1. Compared with the inside of the cell, the outside of most cell membranes is:
    a. positive.
    b. negative.
    c. equal.
    d. none of the above.
A
  1. a. positive.
    p. 413

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

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2
Q

Multiple Choice

  1. The difference in electrical charge across a plasma membrane is called:
    a. depolarization.
    b. membrane potential.
    c. both a and b.
    d. none of the above.
A
  1. b. membrane potential.
    p. 413

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

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3
Q

Multiple Choice

  1. A neuron’s resting membrane potential is:
    a. 70 mV.
    b. –70 mV.
    c. 30 mV.
    d. –30 mV.
A
  1. b. –70 mV.
    p. 413

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

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4
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is true concerning the sodium-potassium pump?
    a. Three sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every two potassium ions pumped into the neuron.
    b. Two sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every three potassium ions pumped into the neuron.
    c. Three sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every three chloride ions pumped into the neuron.
    d. Three sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every three potassium ions pumped into the neuron.
A
  1. a. Three sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every two potassium ions pumped into the neuron.
    p. 414

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

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5
Q
  1. ______ A membrane that exhibits a membrane potential is said to be polarized.

True or False

A
  1. True
    p. 413

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

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6
Q
  1. ______ A slight shift away from the resting membrane potential in a specific region of the plasma membrane is often called a stimulus-gated channel.

True or False

A
  1. False
    p. 414

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

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7
Q
  1. ______ Chlorine ions (Cl–) are the dominant extracellular cations.

True or False

A
  1. False
    p. 414

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

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8
Q
  1. During a relative refractory period:
    a. an action potential is impossible.
    b. an action potential is possible only in response to a very strong stimuli.
    c. an action potential is occurring.
    d. none of the above.
A
  1. b. an action potential is possible only in response to a very strong stimuli.
    p. 417

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

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9
Q
  1. Voltage-gated channels are:
    a. membrane channels that close during voltage fluctuations.
    b. ion channels that open in response to voltage fluctuations.
    c. membrane channels that are altered from an extremely high stimulus.
    d. none of the above.
A
  1. b. ion channels that open in response to voltage fluctuations.
    p. 415

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

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10
Q
  1. When current leaps across an insulating myelin sheath from node of Ranvier to node of Ranvier, the type of impulse conduction is:
    a. repolarization.
    b. refraction.
    c. saltatory conduction.
    d. diffusion.
A
  1. c. saltatory conduction.
    p. 418

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

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11
Q
  1. The larger the diameter of a nerve fiber:
    a. the slower the speed of conduction.
    b. the faster the speed of conduction.
    c. Fiber diameter does not influence speed of conduction.
    d. the more the speed fluctuates.
A
  1. b. the faster the speed of conduction.
    p. 418

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

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12
Q
  1. ______ Action potential and nerve impulse are synonymous.

True or False

A
  1. True
    p. 415

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

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13
Q
  1. ______ When repolarization has occurred, an impulse cannot be conducted.

True or False

A
  1. False
    p. 417

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

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14
Q
  1. ______ The action potential is an all-or-none response.

True or False

A
  1. True
    p. 418

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

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15
Q
  1. ______ Many anesthetics function by inhibiting the opening of sodium channels and thus blocking the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses.

True or False

A
  1. True
    p. 419

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

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16
Q
  1. Which of the following structures is not a main component of a chemical synapse?
    a. synaptic knob
    b. synaptic cleft
    c. synaptic process
    d. plasma membrane of postsynaptic neuron
A
  1. c. synaptic process
    p. 419

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

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17
Q
  1. A synaptic knob is located on the:
    a. synaptic cleft.
    b. axon.
    c. dendrite.
    d. cell body.
A
  1. b. axon.
    p. 419

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

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18
Q
  1. Which of the following is true of spatial summation?
    a. Neurotransmitters released simultaneously from several presynaptic knobs converge on one postsynaptic neuron.
    b. Simultaneous stimulation of more than one postsynaptic neuron occurs.
    c. Impulses are fired in a rapid succession by the same neuron.
    d. Speed of impulse transmission is increased when several neurotransmitters are released.
A
  1. a. Neurotransmitters released simultaneously from several presynaptic knobs converge on one postsynaptic neuron.
    p. 422

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

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19
Q
  1. ______ In an adult, the nervous system is replete with both electrical synapses and chemical synapses.

True or False

A
  1. False
    p. 419

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

20
Q
  1. ______ Rapid-succession stimulation of a postsynaptic neuron by a synaptic knob can have a cumulative effect over time that can result in an action potential.

True or False

A
  1. True
    p. 423

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

21
Q
  1. ______ Ca++ ions cause the release of neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft.

True or False

A
  1. True
    p. 421

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

22
Q
  1. Neurotransmitters are released in a synapse and bind to:
    a. presynaptic terminals.
    b. the synaptic cleft.
    c. the base of the axon.
    d. receptors on the postsynaptic terminal.
A
  1. d. receptors on the postsynaptic terminal.
    p. 424

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

23
Q
  1. The main chemical classes of neurotransmitters include all of the following except:
    a. acetylcholine.
    b. norepinephrine.
    c. amino acids.
    d. amines.
A
  1. b. norepinephrine.
    p. 425

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

24
Q
  1. Which of the following is not an example of an amine neurotransmitter?
    a. serotonin
    b. histamine
    c. glycine
    d. dopamine
A
  1. c. glycine
    p. 425

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

25
Q
  1. Severe depression can be caused by a deficit in which of the following neurotransmitters?
    a. acetylcholine
    b. amino acids
    c. amines
    d. neuropeptides
A
  1. c. amines
    p. 428

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

26
Q
  1. Which of the following is not a catecholamine?
    a. epinephrine
    b. norepinephrine
    c. dopamine
    d. serotonin
A
  1. d. serotonin
    p. 425

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

27
Q
  1. ______ Many biologists now believe that neuropeptides are the most common neurotransmitters in the CNS.

True or False

A
  1. False
    p. 428

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

28
Q
  1. ______ Cocaine produces a temporary feeling of well-being by blocking the uptake of dopamine.

True or False

A
  1. True
    p. 428

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

29
Q
  1. _______ Multiple sclerosis is a myelin disorder.

True or False

A
  1. True
    p. 431

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

30
Q
  1. ______ Physical injury, causing nerve damage, can cause local or widespread loss of sensation and/or motor control.

True or False

A
  1. True
    p. 431

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

31
Q
  1. _______ Nerve conduction does not occur due to fluctuations in the concentration of ions.

True or False

A
  1. False
    p. 431

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

32
Q
  1. _______ Myasthenia gravis is a bacterial disorder.

True or False

A
  1. False
    p. 431

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

33
Q
  1. ______ Parkinson disease is a failure to release adequate dopamine at the synapse of certain motor pathways.

True or False

A
  1. True
    p. 431

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

34
Q
  1. Tracey was having a root canal procedure. Her dentist assured her that he would give her an anesthetic such as Marcaine that would keep her pain free the entire time.

How does Marcaine prevent pain?

Applying What You Know!

A
  1. Marcaine, procaine, and similar drugs produce anesthesia by inhibiting the opening of the sodium channels and thus blocking the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses.

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

35
Q
  1. Susan was a cocaine abuser.

Explain how the temporary feeling of well-being is achieved and the risk that abusing cocaine can be to the body.

Applying What You Know!

A
  1. Cocaine, which is often used in medical practice as a local anesthetic, produces a temporary feeling of well-being in cocaine abusers by similarly blocking the uptake of dopamine. Unfortunately, cocaine and similar drugs can also adversely affect blood flow and heart function when taken in large amounts—leading to death in some individuals.

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

36
Q
  1. A synaptic knob is a tiny bulge at the end of the (presynaptic or postsynaptic) neuron’s axon.
A
  1. presynaptic
    p. 420

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

37
Q
  1. Acetylcholine is an example of a (neurotransmitter or protein molecule receptor).
A
  1. neurotransmitter
    p. 425

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

38
Q
  1. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that allow neurons to (communicate or reproduce) with one another.
A
  1. communicate
    p. 424

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

39
Q
  1. Neurotransmitters are distributed (randomly or specifically) into groups of neurons.
A
  1. specifically
    p. 424

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

40
Q
  1. Endorphins and enkephalins are neurotransmitters that inhibit conduction of (fear or pain).
A
  1. pain
    p. 429

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

41
Q
  1. A synonym commonly used for action potential is (nerve impulse or depolarization).
A
  1. nerve impulse
    p. 415

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

42
Q
  1. In myelinated fibers, action potentials in the membrane occur only at the nodes of Ranvier. This type of impulse conduction is called (saltatory conduction or postsynaptic conduction).
A
  1. saltatory conduction
    p. 418

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

43
Q
  1. A membrane that exhibits a membrane potential is said to be (polarized or myelinated)
A
  1. polarized
    p. 413

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

44
Q
  1. _______ The function of a neurotransmitter is determined by the postsynaptic receptor.

True or False

A
  1. True
    p. 424

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

45
Q
  1. ________ Neurotrophins stimulate neuron development but also can act as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators.

True or False

A
  1. True
    p. 429

Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling

xxx Term 2: BIO 202.2 Human A&P II (20 decks)

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