A&P Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling Flashcards
1
Q
- Compared with the inside of the cell, the outside of most cell membranes is:
a. positive.
b. negative.
c. equal.
d. none of the above.
A
- a. positive.
p. 413
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
2
Q
Multiple Choice
- The difference in electrical charge across a plasma membrane is called:
a. depolarization.
b. membrane potential.
c. both a and b.
d. none of the above.
A
- b. membrane potential.
p. 413
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
3
Q
Multiple Choice
- A neuron’s resting membrane potential is:
a. 70 mV.
b. –70 mV.
c. 30 mV.
d. –30 mV.
A
- b. –70 mV.
p. 413
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
4
Q
- Which of the following statements is true concerning the sodium-potassium pump?
a. Three sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every two potassium ions pumped into the neuron.
b. Two sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every three potassium ions pumped into the neuron.
c. Three sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every three chloride ions pumped into the neuron.
d. Three sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every three potassium ions pumped into the neuron.
A
- a. Three sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every two potassium ions pumped into the neuron.
p. 414
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
5
Q
- ______ A membrane that exhibits a membrane potential is said to be polarized.
True or False
A
- True
p. 413
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
6
Q
- ______ A slight shift away from the resting membrane potential in a specific region of the plasma membrane is often called a stimulus-gated channel.
True or False
A
- False
p. 414
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
7
Q
- ______ Chlorine ions (Cl–) are the dominant extracellular cations.
True or False
A
- False
p. 414
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
8
Q
- During a relative refractory period:
a. an action potential is impossible.
b. an action potential is possible only in response to a very strong stimuli.
c. an action potential is occurring.
d. none of the above.
A
- b. an action potential is possible only in response to a very strong stimuli.
p. 417
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
9
Q
- Voltage-gated channels are:
a. membrane channels that close during voltage fluctuations.
b. ion channels that open in response to voltage fluctuations.
c. membrane channels that are altered from an extremely high stimulus.
d. none of the above.
A
- b. ion channels that open in response to voltage fluctuations.
p. 415
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
10
Q
- When current leaps across an insulating myelin sheath from node of Ranvier to node of Ranvier, the type of impulse conduction is:
a. repolarization.
b. refraction.
c. saltatory conduction.
d. diffusion.
A
- c. saltatory conduction.
p. 418
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
11
Q
- The larger the diameter of a nerve fiber:
a. the slower the speed of conduction.
b. the faster the speed of conduction.
c. Fiber diameter does not influence speed of conduction.
d. the more the speed fluctuates.
A
- b. the faster the speed of conduction.
p. 418
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
12
Q
- ______ Action potential and nerve impulse are synonymous.
True or False
A
- True
p. 415
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
13
Q
- ______ When repolarization has occurred, an impulse cannot be conducted.
True or False
A
- False
p. 417
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
14
Q
- ______ The action potential is an all-or-none response.
True or False
A
- True
p. 418
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
15
Q
- ______ Many anesthetics function by inhibiting the opening of sodium channels and thus blocking the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses.
True or False
A
- True
p. 419
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
16
Q
- Which of the following structures is not a main component of a chemical synapse?
a. synaptic knob
b. synaptic cleft
c. synaptic process
d. plasma membrane of postsynaptic neuron
A
- c. synaptic process
p. 419
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
17
Q
- A synaptic knob is located on the:
a. synaptic cleft.
b. axon.
c. dendrite.
d. cell body.
A
- b. axon.
p. 419
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
18
Q
- Which of the following is true of spatial summation?
a. Neurotransmitters released simultaneously from several presynaptic knobs converge on one postsynaptic neuron.
b. Simultaneous stimulation of more than one postsynaptic neuron occurs.
c. Impulses are fired in a rapid succession by the same neuron.
d. Speed of impulse transmission is increased when several neurotransmitters are released.
A
- a. Neurotransmitters released simultaneously from several presynaptic knobs converge on one postsynaptic neuron.
p. 422
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
19
Q
- ______ In an adult, the nervous system is replete with both electrical synapses and chemical synapses.
True or False
A
- False
p. 419
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
20
Q
- ______ Rapid-succession stimulation of a postsynaptic neuron by a synaptic knob can have a cumulative effect over time that can result in an action potential.
True or False
A
- True
p. 423
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
21
Q
- ______ Ca++ ions cause the release of neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft.
True or False
A
- True
p. 421
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
22
Q
- Neurotransmitters are released in a synapse and bind to:
a. presynaptic terminals.
b. the synaptic cleft.
c. the base of the axon.
d. receptors on the postsynaptic terminal.
A
- d. receptors on the postsynaptic terminal.
p. 424
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
23
Q
- The main chemical classes of neurotransmitters include all of the following except:
a. acetylcholine.
b. norepinephrine.
c. amino acids.
d. amines.
A
- b. norepinephrine.
p. 425
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
24
Q
- Which of the following is not an example of an amine neurotransmitter?
a. serotonin
b. histamine
c. glycine
d. dopamine
A
- c. glycine
p. 425
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
25
Q
- Severe depression can be caused by a deficit in which of the following neurotransmitters?
a. acetylcholine
b. amino acids
c. amines
d. neuropeptides
A
- c. amines
p. 428
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
26
Q
- Which of the following is not a catecholamine?
a. epinephrine
b. norepinephrine
c. dopamine
d. serotonin
A
- d. serotonin
p. 425
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
27
Q
- ______ Many biologists now believe that neuropeptides are the most common neurotransmitters in the CNS.
True or False
A
- False
p. 428
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
28
Q
- ______ Cocaine produces a temporary feeling of well-being by blocking the uptake of dopamine.
True or False
A
- True
p. 428
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
29
Q
- _______ Multiple sclerosis is a myelin disorder.
True or False
A
- True
p. 431
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
30
Q
- ______ Physical injury, causing nerve damage, can cause local or widespread loss of sensation and/or motor control.
True or False
A
- True
p. 431
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
31
Q
- _______ Nerve conduction does not occur due to fluctuations in the concentration of ions.
True or False
A
- False
p. 431
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
32
Q
- _______ Myasthenia gravis is a bacterial disorder.
True or False
A
- False
p. 431
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
33
Q
- ______ Parkinson disease is a failure to release adequate dopamine at the synapse of certain motor pathways.
True or False
A
- True
p. 431
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
34
Q
- Tracey was having a root canal procedure. Her dentist assured her that he would give her an anesthetic such as Marcaine that would keep her pain free the entire time.
How does Marcaine prevent pain?
Applying What You Know!
A
- Marcaine, procaine, and similar drugs produce anesthesia by inhibiting the opening of the sodium channels and thus blocking the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses.
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
35
Q
- Susan was a cocaine abuser.
Explain how the temporary feeling of well-being is achieved and the risk that abusing cocaine can be to the body.
Applying What You Know!
A
- Cocaine, which is often used in medical practice as a local anesthetic, produces a temporary feeling of well-being in cocaine abusers by similarly blocking the uptake of dopamine. Unfortunately, cocaine and similar drugs can also adversely affect blood flow and heart function when taken in large amounts—leading to death in some individuals.
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
36
Q
- A synaptic knob is a tiny bulge at the end of the (presynaptic or postsynaptic) neuron’s axon.
A
- presynaptic
p. 420
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
37
Q
- Acetylcholine is an example of a (neurotransmitter or protein molecule receptor).
A
- neurotransmitter
p. 425
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
38
Q
- Neurotransmitters are chemicals that allow neurons to (communicate or reproduce) with one another.
A
- communicate
p. 424
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
39
Q
- Neurotransmitters are distributed (randomly or specifically) into groups of neurons.
A
- specifically
p. 424
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
40
Q
- Endorphins and enkephalins are neurotransmitters that inhibit conduction of (fear or pain).
A
- pain
p. 429
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
41
Q
- A synonym commonly used for action potential is (nerve impulse or depolarization).
A
- nerve impulse
p. 415
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
42
Q
- In myelinated fibers, action potentials in the membrane occur only at the nodes of Ranvier. This type of impulse conduction is called (saltatory conduction or postsynaptic conduction).
A
- saltatory conduction
p. 418
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
43
Q
- A membrane that exhibits a membrane potential is said to be (polarized or myelinated)
A
- polarized
p. 413
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
44
Q
- _______ The function of a neurotransmitter is determined by the postsynaptic receptor.
True or False
A
- True
p. 424
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
45
Q
- ________ Neurotrophins stimulate neuron development but also can act as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators.
True or False
A
- True
p. 429
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
