A&P Chapter 7 Flashcards
A passive circulatory system that transports a plasma-like liquid called lymph, a thin fluid that bathes the tissues of the body
Lymphatic System
A naturally occuring hormone that also may be given as a cardiac drug and has alpha and beta effects; also called epinephrine
Adrenaline
A disease that is caused by infection or one that is capable of being transmitted to another person with or without direct contact
Infectious Disease
One of two great lymph vessels; it empties into the superior vena cava
Thoracic Duct
Thin-walled vessels through which lymph circulates in the body, they travel close to the major arteries and veins
Lymphatic Vessels
Tiny tubes formed from lymphatic capillaries that merge to form larger vessels
Lymphatic Pathways
An immune response that is predictable each time the body is exposed to a particular challenge. One that protects the body from pathogens involving mechanical barriers, chemical barriers, natural killer cells, inflammation, phagocytosis, fever, or species resistance
Innate (Nonspecific) Defense
An abnormal immune response in which the body attacks its own tissues
Autoimmunity
One of three sets of lymphatic organs that comprise the tonsils. They are located in the back of the throat, on each side of the posterior opening of the oral cavity, and help protect the body from bacteria introduced into the mouth and throat
Palatine Tonsils
A substance that normally does not stimulate an immune response but can be combined with an antigen and at a later point initiate an antibody response; found in certain drugs, dust particles, animal dander, and various chemicals
Hapten
The form into which T cells differentiate when activated by an antigen; they remain within the body, ready to respond to a second challenge
Memory T Cells
Any swelling of the lymph nodes, with or without pain
Lymphadenopathy
Inflammation of a lymph node caused by infection
Lymphadenitis
Round or bean-shaped structures interspersed along the course of the lymph vessels, which filter the lymph and serve as a source of lymphocytes
Lymph Nodes
An extreme systemic form of an allergic reaction involving two or more body systems
Anaphylaxis
A substance that includes antigens that stimulate an immune response against a particular pathogen
Vaccine
A large collection of lymph nodes located in the groin
Inguinal Nodes
The smaller of the two collecting ducts; it receives lymph from the right side of the head and neck, right upper limb, and right thorax
Right Lymphatic Duct
Vessels of the lymphatic system that carry fluid away from the tissues and toward one of the great lymph vessels
Lymphatic Capillaries
Antigens; chemicals that stimulate B cells to produce antibodies or allergies
Allergens
Spaces inside lymph nodes that comprise complex channels through which lymph moves
Lymph Sinuses
Tissue that is denser than diffuse lymphatic tissue, found in the loose connective tissue of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary systems
Lymph Nodules
Organisms of microscopic size
Microorganisms
One of three sets of lymphatic organs that comprise the tonsils, they are located near the internal opening of the nasal cavity and help protect the body from bacteria introduced into the mouth and nose. Also called adenoids
Pharyngeal Tonsils
A gland that is larger in children but shrinks with age; it secretes thymosins, which are important in early immunity by affecting production and differentiation of lymphocytes
Thymus
The appearance of concentrations of antibodies in the blood plasma, usually 5-10 days after exposure to antigens
Secondary Immune Response
The disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
One of two great lymph vessels; it empties into the subclavian vein
Lymphatic Duct
An infection that spreads beyond the local area into a lymphatic vessel causing red streaks to run from the infected area proximally
Lymphangitis
Phagocytic cells that remove foreign particles from the lymph and blood
Mononuclear Phagocytic System
The immune process by which T cell lymphocytes and macrophages attack and destroy pathogens or foreign substances; the process involves recognizing antigens, then secreting cytokines (specifically lymphokines) that attract other cells or stimulate the production of cytotoxic cells that kill the infected cells
Cell-Mediated Immunity
A protein found on the surface of helper T cells that is adversely affected by exposure to HIV
CD4 Antigen
A disease-causing agent, which may be a virus, bacterium, fungus, or protozoan
Pathogen
One of three sets of lymphatic organs that comprise the tonsils, they are located on the posterior margin of the tongue and help protect the body from bacteria introduced into the mouth and nose
Lingual Tonsils
Cytokines produced by T cells that recruits mast cells and other nonspecific inflammatory mediators to aid in destruction of antigens
Lymphokines
The invasion of a host or tissue by pathogenic organisms such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites that produce illness that may or may not have clinical manifestations
Infection
Cells that aid other white blood cells in carrying out cell-mediated immune functions, including maturation of B cells into plasma cells and memory B cells, and activation of cytotoxic T cells and macrophages
Helper T Cells
Proteins secreted by certain immune cells that react against foreign antigens in the body by binding to the antigens, making them more visible to the immune system
Immunoglobulins
The largest lymphatic organ; filters the blood via the actions of lymphocytes and macrophages
Spleen
Cell-mediated immunity; it occurs when T cells attach to foreign, antigen-bearing cells such as bacteria cells, and interact with direct cell-to-cell contact
Cellular Immune Response
The body system that includes all of the structures and processes designed to mount a defense against foreign substances and disease-causing agents
Immune System
Surgical removal of the spleen
Splenectomy
A thin plasma-like liquid formed from interstitial or extracellular fluid that bathes the tissues of the body
Lymph
Immunity; it targets specific pathogens and acts more slowly than innate defenses
Adaptive (Specific) Defense
Cells that produce antibodies (immunoglobulins) to destroy antigens or antigen-containing particles; they are formed from divided and differentiated B cells
Plasma Cells
A large collection of lymph nodes located in the axilla (armpit)
Axillary Nodes
A reaction by tissues of the body to irritation or injury, characterized by pain, swelling, redness, and heat
Inflammatory Response
The activation of B or T cells after they first encounter the antigens for which they are specialized to react; the process continues for several weeks
Primary Immune Response
The spreading of a disease from one part of the body to another, especially with many forms of cancer
Metastasize
The thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct
Collecting Ducts
Physiologically, refers to the body’s ability to protect itself from infectious disease
Immunity
When antibodies react to destroy antigens or antigen-containing particles
Humoral Immune Response
Antibodies produced by the body in reaction to any of its own cells or cell products
Autoantibodies
An accessory cell, which may be a macrophage, B cell, or other type of cell that has processed antigen fragments on its surface
Antigen-Presenting Cell
The movement of additional white blood cells to an area of inflammation in response to the release of chemical mediators
Chemotaxis
Three sets of lymphatic organs—the palatine tonsils, pharyngeal tonsils, and lingual tonsils—that are located in the back of the throat and nasopharynx and protect the body from bacteria introduced into the mouth and nose
Tonsils
Bacteria that is located in the colon to help in the digestion of food, as well as other sites in the body, such as the vagina, skin, oral and nasal cavities to help maintain homeostasis
Normal Flora
A virus that may lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); cells in the immune system are killed or damaged so that the body is unable to fight infections and certain cancers
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
An innate (nonspecific) defense wherein one species is resistant to certain diseases that may affect other species
Species Resistance
Structures that drain lymph from lymphatic vessels and join either the thoracic duct or the right lymphatic duct
Lymphatic Trunks
A large collection of lymph nodes located in the neck
Cervical Nodes
