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Ellis County Paramedic Students > A&P Chapter 12 > Flashcards

A&P Chapter 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

A bacterial infection of the urethra

A

Urethritis

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2
Q

The organs that control the discharge of certain waste materials filtered from the blood and excreted as urine

A

Urinary System

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3
Q

U-shaped portion of the renal tubule that extends from the proximal to the distal convoluted tubule

A

Loop of Henle

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4
Q

The structure of the kidney that supplies blood to the glomerulus

A

Afferent Arteriole

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5
Q

One of three parts of the male urethra; it extends from the prostate gland to the base of the penis

A

Membranous Urethra

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6
Q

The blood vessel connecting the kidneys to the inferior vena cava

A

Renal Vein

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7
Q

One of two complex sections of a nephron; it includes an enlargement at the end called the glomerular capsule

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

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8
Q

The structural and functional units of the kidney that form urine, composed of the glomerulus, the glomerular capsule, the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, and the distal convoluted tubule

A

Nephrons

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9
Q

One of many complex, interconnected capillary networks that branch off of efferent arterioles

A

Peritubular Capillary

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10
Q

Two retroperitoneal organs that excrete the end products of metabolism as urine and regulate the body’s salt and water content

A

Kidneys

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11
Q

A procedure in which an artificial kidney external to the body is used to purify the blood

A

Hemodialysis

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12
Q

A funnel-shaped sac inside the renal sinus that is subdivided into major and minor calyces (tubes)

A

Renal Pelvis

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13
Q

The final product of tubular reabsorption and secretion; it is a clear, yellow fluid that carries wastes out of the body

A

Urine

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14
Q

In females, a small, cylindrical mass of erectile tissue and nerves located at the anterior junction of the labia minora, similar to the glans penis of the male

A

Clitoris

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15
Q

The rate at which blood is filtered through the glomerula

A

Glomerular Filtration Rate

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16
Q

The initial-filtering component of the nephron

A

Renal Corpuscle

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17
Q

A canal in a female reproductive system extending from the uterus to the external orifice. It allows for the discharge of menstrual flow, receives the penis during sexual intercourse, and serves as the birth canal

A

Vagina

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18
Q

A sac-like structure that surrounds the glomerulus, from which it receives filtered fluid

A

Glomerular Capsule

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19
Q

Cavity formed by the hilum that is filled with fat and connective tissue

A

Renal Sinus

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20
Q

The process that moves substances from the blood in the peritubular capillary into the renal tubule

A

Tubular Secretion

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21
Q

Solid crystalline masses formed in the kidney that may become trapped anywhere along the urinary tract

A

Kidney Stones

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22
Q

Structure formed at the site where the efferent arteriole and distal convoluted tubule meet; also called a juxtaglomerular complex; plays an important role in regulating fluid balance

A

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

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23
Q

The narrow opening at the end of the male urethra

A

External Urethral Orifice

24
Q

The portion of the nephron containing the tubular fluid filtered through the glomerulus

A

Renal Tubule

25
Q

Structure of the kidney that drains blood from the glomerulus

A

Efferent Arteriole

26
Q

Inflammation of the kidney linings

A

Pyelonephritis

27
Q

One of two complex sections of a nephron; it empties urine into a collection duct that then carries it to the calyces

A

Distal Convoluted Tubule

28
Q

The process that moves substances from the tubular fluid into the blood, within the peritubular capillary

A

Tubular Reabsorption

29
Q

An infection of the urethra caused by organisms of the Chlamydia family

A

Nonspecific Nongonococcal Urethritis

30
Q

A tangled cluster of blood capillaries that comprises a renal corpuscle

A

Glomerulus

31
Q

The tips of each renal pyramid, which extends into the medulla and are encircled by the opening of a minor calyx

A

Renal Papillae

32
Q

Surrounding the neck of the bladder to form the internal urethral sphincter, this muscle functions in the micturition reflex

A

Detrusor Muscle

33
Q

A complete obstruction of urinary flow sometimes caused by enlargement of the prostate gland

A

Acute Urinary Retention

34
Q

A bacterial infection of the bladder and its urinary contents

A

Cystitis

35
Q

A series of peritubular capillaries that surround the loop of Henle, into which water moves after passing through the descending and ascending limbs of the loop of Henle

A

Vasa Recta

36
Q

The outer portion of each kidney; it forms renal columns and has tiny tubules associated with the nephrons

A

Renal Cortex

37
Q

Loss of kidney function that occurs secondary to injury or illness

A

Renal Failure

38
Q

Urination; the process of expelling urine from the urinary bladder

A

Micturition

39
Q

A pair of thick-walled, hollow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

A

Ureters

40
Q

System located in the kidney that helps to regulate fluid balance and blood pressure

A

Renin-Angiotensin System

41
Q

Parallel cone-shaped bundles of urine-collecting tubules that are located in the medulla of the kidneys

A

Renal Pyramids

42
Q

One of the three parts of the male urethra; it lies within the corpus spongiosum of the penis and terminates at the external urethral orifice

A

Spongy Urethra

43
Q

A group of cells located in the afferent arterioles of the glomerulus that play a part in regulating the volume status of the body

A

Juxtaglomerular Cells

44
Q

The vessels that supply the kidneys with blood; they arise from the abdominal aorta

A

Renal Arteries

45
Q

A hollow, muscular sac in the midline of the lower abdominal area that stores urine until it is excreted

A

Urinary Bladder

46
Q

A process by which the body produces either concentrated or dilute urine, depending on the body’s needs

A

Countercurrent Multiplier Mechanism

47
Q

A hormone produced by cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus when the blood pressure is low

A

Renin

48
Q

Large urinary tubes that enter the renal pelvis from kidney tissue

A

Calyces

49
Q

Specialized tubular cells in the juxtaglomerular area that play a part in regulating the volume status of the body

A

Macula Densa

50
Q

One of the three parts of the male urethra; it travels through the prostate gland

A

Prostatic Urethra

51
Q

The laboratory evaluation of urine

A

Urinalysis

52
Q

A form of kinin that plays a role in blood pressure maintenance by causing vasoconstriction and sympathetic activation and by stimulating the adrenal gland to increase the production of aldosterone

A

Angiotensin II

53
Q

A small gland that surrounds the male urethra at the section where emerges from the urinary bladder; it secretes an alkaline viscid ejaculatory fluid

A

Prostate Gland

54
Q

A condition characterized by the presence of a kidney stone

A

Urolithiasis

55
Q

The process that initiates urine formation

A

Glomerular Filtration

56
Q

The inner portion of each kidney; it is made of conical renal pyramids and has striations

A

Renal Medulla

57
Q

A hollow, tubular structure that drains urine from the bladder to outside of the body

A

Urethra

Ellis County Paramedic Students (12 decks)

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