A&P Chapter 12 Flashcards
A bacterial infection of the urethra
Urethritis
The organs that control the discharge of certain waste materials filtered from the blood and excreted as urine
Urinary System
U-shaped portion of the renal tubule that extends from the proximal to the distal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
The structure of the kidney that supplies blood to the glomerulus
Afferent Arteriole
One of three parts of the male urethra; it extends from the prostate gland to the base of the penis
Membranous Urethra
The blood vessel connecting the kidneys to the inferior vena cava
Renal Vein
One of two complex sections of a nephron; it includes an enlargement at the end called the glomerular capsule
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
The structural and functional units of the kidney that form urine, composed of the glomerulus, the glomerular capsule, the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, and the distal convoluted tubule
Nephrons
One of many complex, interconnected capillary networks that branch off of efferent arterioles
Peritubular Capillary
Two retroperitoneal organs that excrete the end products of metabolism as urine and regulate the body’s salt and water content
Kidneys
A procedure in which an artificial kidney external to the body is used to purify the blood
Hemodialysis
A funnel-shaped sac inside the renal sinus that is subdivided into major and minor calyces (tubes)
Renal Pelvis
The final product of tubular reabsorption and secretion; it is a clear, yellow fluid that carries wastes out of the body
Urine
In females, a small, cylindrical mass of erectile tissue and nerves located at the anterior junction of the labia minora, similar to the glans penis of the male
Clitoris
The rate at which blood is filtered through the glomerula
Glomerular Filtration Rate
The initial-filtering component of the nephron
Renal Corpuscle
A canal in a female reproductive system extending from the uterus to the external orifice. It allows for the discharge of menstrual flow, receives the penis during sexual intercourse, and serves as the birth canal
Vagina
A sac-like structure that surrounds the glomerulus, from which it receives filtered fluid
Glomerular Capsule
Cavity formed by the hilum that is filled with fat and connective tissue
Renal Sinus
The process that moves substances from the blood in the peritubular capillary into the renal tubule
Tubular Secretion
Solid crystalline masses formed in the kidney that may become trapped anywhere along the urinary tract
Kidney Stones
Structure formed at the site where the efferent arteriole and distal convoluted tubule meet; also called a juxtaglomerular complex; plays an important role in regulating fluid balance
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
The narrow opening at the end of the male urethra
External Urethral Orifice
The portion of the nephron containing the tubular fluid filtered through the glomerulus
Renal Tubule
Structure of the kidney that drains blood from the glomerulus
Efferent Arteriole
Inflammation of the kidney linings
Pyelonephritis
One of two complex sections of a nephron; it empties urine into a collection duct that then carries it to the calyces
Distal Convoluted Tubule
The process that moves substances from the tubular fluid into the blood, within the peritubular capillary
Tubular Reabsorption
An infection of the urethra caused by organisms of the Chlamydia family
Nonspecific Nongonococcal Urethritis
A tangled cluster of blood capillaries that comprises a renal corpuscle
Glomerulus
The tips of each renal pyramid, which extends into the medulla and are encircled by the opening of a minor calyx
Renal Papillae
Surrounding the neck of the bladder to form the internal urethral sphincter, this muscle functions in the micturition reflex
Detrusor Muscle
A complete obstruction of urinary flow sometimes caused by enlargement of the prostate gland
Acute Urinary Retention
A bacterial infection of the bladder and its urinary contents
Cystitis
A series of peritubular capillaries that surround the loop of Henle, into which water moves after passing through the descending and ascending limbs of the loop of Henle
Vasa Recta
The outer portion of each kidney; it forms renal columns and has tiny tubules associated with the nephrons
Renal Cortex
Loss of kidney function that occurs secondary to injury or illness
Renal Failure
Urination; the process of expelling urine from the urinary bladder
Micturition
A pair of thick-walled, hollow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Ureters
System located in the kidney that helps to regulate fluid balance and blood pressure
Renin-Angiotensin System
Parallel cone-shaped bundles of urine-collecting tubules that are located in the medulla of the kidneys
Renal Pyramids
One of the three parts of the male urethra; it lies within the corpus spongiosum of the penis and terminates at the external urethral orifice
Spongy Urethra
A group of cells located in the afferent arterioles of the glomerulus that play a part in regulating the volume status of the body
Juxtaglomerular Cells
The vessels that supply the kidneys with blood; they arise from the abdominal aorta
Renal Arteries
A hollow, muscular sac in the midline of the lower abdominal area that stores urine until it is excreted
Urinary Bladder
A process by which the body produces either concentrated or dilute urine, depending on the body’s needs
Countercurrent Multiplier Mechanism
A hormone produced by cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus when the blood pressure is low
Renin
Large urinary tubes that enter the renal pelvis from kidney tissue
Calyces
Specialized tubular cells in the juxtaglomerular area that play a part in regulating the volume status of the body
Macula Densa
One of the three parts of the male urethra; it travels through the prostate gland
Prostatic Urethra
The laboratory evaluation of urine
Urinalysis
A form of kinin that plays a role in blood pressure maintenance by causing vasoconstriction and sympathetic activation and by stimulating the adrenal gland to increase the production of aldosterone
Angiotensin II
A small gland that surrounds the male urethra at the section where emerges from the urinary bladder; it secretes an alkaline viscid ejaculatory fluid
Prostate Gland
A condition characterized by the presence of a kidney stone
Urolithiasis
The process that initiates urine formation
Glomerular Filtration
The inner portion of each kidney; it is made of conical renal pyramids and has striations
Renal Medulla
A hollow, tubular structure that drains urine from the bladder to outside of the body
Urethra
