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Ellis County Paramedic Students > A&P Chapter 5 > Flashcards

A&P Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

A ridgelike projection of tracheal cartilage located where the trachea bifurcates into the right and left mainstem bronchi

A

Carina

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2
Q

The volume of air exhaled from the lungs following a forceful exhalation

A

Forced Expiratory Vital Capacity

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3
Q

Exhalation

A

Expiration

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4
Q

A mixture of lipids and proteins synthesized to reduce the tendency of alveolar collapse and to ease alveolar inflation

A

Surfactant

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5
Q

A chronic inflammatory lower airway disease resulting in intermittent wheezing and excess mucus production

A

Asthma

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6
Q

An increase in the blood pH secondary to excessive exhalation of CO2

A

Primary Respiratory Alkalosis

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7
Q

The four capacities created by the combination of two or more of the respiratory volumes

A

Respiratory Capacities

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8
Q

Fine subdivisions of the bronchi that give rise to the alveolar ducts; made of smooth muscle and dilate or constrict in response to various stimuli

A

Bronchioles

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9
Q

Tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve volume

A

Inspiratory Capacity

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10
Q

A collapsible tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach; contractions of the muscle in the wall propel food and liquids to the stomach

A

Esophagus

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11
Q

Structures formed by the final branching of the bronchioles

A

Respiratory Bronchioles

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12
Q

Three bony ridges contained within the lateral walls of the nasopharynx

A

Conchae

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13
Q

A measurement of the percentage of oxygen in the blood

A

Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO2)

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14
Q

The point of entry for the bronchi, vessels, and nerves into each lung

A

Hilum

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15
Q

The cavity lying posterior to the mouth, connecting to the esophagus; the throat

A

Pharynx

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16
Q

Four distinct volumes involved in respiration; tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, Expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume

A

Respiratory Volumes

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17
Q

Deep, rapid breathing; it lowers blood carbon dioxide levels

A

Hyperventilation

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18
Q

The very thin membrane, consisting of only one cell layer, that lines between the alveolus and capillary, through which respiratory exchange between the alveolus and the blood vessels occurs; also known as the pulmonary capillary membrane

A

Alveolocapillary Membrane

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19
Q

The passage through which tears drain from the lacrimal sacs into the nasal cavity

A

Nasolacrimal Ducts

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20
Q

Supplemental air; additional air that is expelled from the lungs due to forced exhalation

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume

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21
Q

A decrease in the blood pH secondary to insufficient exhalation of CO2

A

Primary Respiratory Acidosis

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22
Q

The bonding of carbon dioxide with hemoglobin

A

Carbaminohemoglobin

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23
Q

The infiltration of any tissue by air or gas; a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by distention of the alveoli and destructive changes in the lung parenchyma

A

Emphysema

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24
Q

A measurement of the percentage of carbon dioxide in the blood

A

Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PaCO2)

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25
Q

Parts of the brain that control inspiration and expiration

A

Respiratory Areas

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26
Q

The posterior opening from the nasopharynx into the pharynx

A

Interior Nares

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27
Q

The amount of pressure each gas contributes to diffusion

A

Partial Pressure

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28
Q

An effect that makes it difficult for the alveoli to inflate; it is caused by attraction of water molecules

A

Surface Tension

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29
Q

A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the bronchi that is associated with excess mucus production that results from overgrowth of the mucous glands in the airways

A

Chronic Bronchitis

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30
Q

A disease that limits the ability of the lungs to expand appropriately

A

Restrictive Lung Disease

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31
Q

A leaf-shaped cartilaginous structure that closes over the trachea during swallowing

A

Epiglottis

32
Q

The vocal cords and the opening between them

A

Glottis

33
Q

Airway passages in the lungs that are formed from the division of the right and left mainstem bronchi

A

Secondary Bronchi

34
Q

A small portion of the left lung that is the equivalent of the middle lobe in the right lung

A

Lingula

35
Q

The nasal cavity (the portion of the pharynx that lines above the level of the roof of the mouth); formed by the union of the facial bones

A

Nasopharynx

36
Q

Layers of an alveolus that separate air from blood in a capillary; it is where blood and alveolar air exchange gases. Also known as the pulmonary capillary membrane or the alveolar capillary membrane

A

Respiratory Membrane

37
Q

The pleural membrane that covers the lungs

A

Visceral Pleura

38
Q

Expiratory reserve volume plus residual volume

A

Functional Residual Capacity

39
Q

A disease of the lung caused by consistent inhalation of coal dust

A

Black Lung Disease

40
Q

Medication that is designed to improve lung function by widening the bronchial tubes

A

Bronchodilator

41
Q

A measure of the depth of breathing; the volume of air that is inhaled or exhaled during a single respiratory cycle

A

Tidal Volume

42
Q

Arteries that branch off of the thoracic aorta and supply the lung tissues with blood

A

Bronchial Arteries

43
Q

The superior portion of the vocal cords; also called the false vocal cords

A

Vestibular Folds

44
Q

One cycle of inspiration followed by expiration

A

Respiratory Cycle

45
Q

A tubular structure that forms the posterior portion of the oral cavity, extending vertically from the back of the mouth to the esophagus and trachea

A

Oropharynx

46
Q

The inferior portion of the vocal cords that vibrate to produce sound

A

True Vocal Cords

47
Q

A complete structure formed by the epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage, corniculate cartilage, and cuneiform cartilage; the voice box

A

Larynx

48
Q

The process of exchanging air between the lungs and the environment; includes inhalation and exhalation

A

Ventilation

49
Q

A set of bony convolutions formed by the conchae in the nasopharynx that help to maintain smooth airflow

A

Turbinates

50
Q

The volume of air that leaves during a normal, resting expiration (about 500 mL)

A

Resting Tidal Volume

51
Q

Severe constriction of the bronchial tree

A

Bronchospasm

52
Q

Ions related to carbonic acid; they are formed from carbon dioxide transport mechanisms

A

Bicarbonate Ions

53
Q

The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs with maximum inspiration and exhalation

A

Vital Capacity

54
Q

Airway passages in the lungs that are formed from branching of the secondary bronchi

A

Tertiary Bronchi

55
Q

Vital capacity plus residual volume

A

Tidal Lung Capacity

56
Q

A disease of the lungs caused by inhalation of asbestos particles

A

Asbestosis

57
Q

Ducts formed from division of the respiratory bronchioles in the lower airway; each duct ends in clusters known as alveoli

A

Alveolar Ducts

58
Q

The part of the lower airway below the larynx through which air enters the lungs

A

Mainstem Bronchi

59
Q

Veins that return deoxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs

A

Bronchial Veins

60
Q

The external openings to the nasal cavity; also called the nostrils

A

External Nares

61
Q

The combination of oxygen that diffuses into the blood and the hemoglobin molecule

A

Oxyhemoglobin

62
Q

The membrane that lines the walls of the pleural cavity

A

Parietal Pleura

63
Q

Additional air that enters the lungs due to forced inspiration

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

64
Q

A soft-tissue structure that resembles a punching bag; located in the posterior aspect of the oral cavity, at the base of the tongue

A

Uvula

65
Q

The floor of the nasal cavity

A

Hard Palate

66
Q

All the structures of the body that contribute to the process of breathing, including the upper and lower airways and their component parts

A

Respiratory System

67
Q

The dorsal and ventral respiratory groups in the medulla oblongata as well as the respiratory group of the pons

A

Medullary Respiratory Center

68
Q

A progressive and irreversible disease of the airway marked by decreased inspiratory and expiratory capacity of the lungs

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

69
Q

The conduit for all entry into the lungs; a tubular structure that is approximately 10 to 12cm long and composed of a series of C-shaped cartilaginous rings; also called the windpipe

A

Trachea

70
Q

A passage located below each turbinate

A

Meatus

71
Q

The cavity formed by the inner borders of the rib cage and the diaphragm

A

Pleural Cavity

72
Q

The two primary organs of breathing

A

Lungs

73
Q

An enzyme in red blood cells that speeds reaction of carbon dioxide and water, resulting in carbonic acid

A

Carbonic Anhydrase

74
Q

Inhalation

A

Inspiration

75
Q

Tiny sacs of lung tissue in which gas exchange takes place

A

Alveoli

76
Q

The volume of air remaining in the respiratory passages and lungs after maximal expiration

A

Residual Volume

77
Q

A device used in pulmonary function testing that measures air entering and leaving the lungs over a specific period of time

A

Spirometer

Ellis County Paramedic Students (12 decks)

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