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Ellis County Paramedic Students > A&P Chapter 2 > Flashcards

A&P Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

A condition that occurs as fluid accumulates around the heart, which restricts the heart’s stroke volume.

A

Pericardial Tamponade

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2
Q

A specialized form of cell division that occurs during the formation of a mature ova and sperm

A

Meiosis

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3
Q

The nerve center, or central body, of the cell, embedded within the protoplasm

A

Nucleus

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4
Q

Rounded, dense structures in the protoplasm that contain RNA and synthesize proteins

A

Nucleoli

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5
Q

Excessive accumulation of fluid within the pleural space

A

Pleural Effusion

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6
Q

An area behind the parietal peritoneum that contains the kidneys, pancreas, duodenum, and major blood vessels of the abdominal cavity

A

Retroperitoneal Space

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7
Q

The property of the cell membrane that describes the ability to allow certain elements to pass through while not allowing others to do so

A

Semipermeable

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8
Q

The division of chromosomes in a cell nucleus

A

Mitosis

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9
Q

Tissue that changes in appearance due to tension; it lines the urinary bladder, ureters, and superior urethra

A

Transitional Epithelium

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10
Q

Hollow areas within the body that contain organs and organ systems

A

Body Cavities

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11
Q

Substances, such as the organelles, that are found inside the cell membranes

A

Intracellular

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12
Q

Components of the neurons that receive impulses from the axon and contain vesicles for release of neurotransmitters

A

Dendrites

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13
Q

All of the other cells in the human body besides the sex cells

A

Somatic Cells

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14
Q

The process of disintegration or breakdown of cells that occurs when excess water enters the cell through osmosis

A

Lysis

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15
Q

Rows of square-shaped epithelial cells

A

Cuboidal Epithelium

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16
Q

A viscous liquid matrix that supports all internal cellular structures and provides a medium for intracellular transport; also called cytoplasm

A

Protoplasm

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17
Q

The gel-like material inside a cell. It makes up most of the cell’s volume, and suspends the cell’s organelles; also called protoplasm

A

Cytoplasm

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18
Q

A thick, fibrous membrane that surrounds the heart; also called the pericardium

A

Pericardial Sac

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19
Q

A condition, often caused by trauma, in which the pericardial sac fills with too much fluid, impairing the heart’s ability to expand and contract properly

A

Pericardial Effusion

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20
Q

A division of the skeletal system that includes the head, neck, and trunk

A

Axial Region

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21
Q

An abnormal accumulation of air within the pleural space

A

Pneumothorax

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22
Q

The portion of a serous membrane that covers the outside of an internal organ

A

Visceral Portion

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23
Q

Substances located outside of the cell membrane

A

Extracellular

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24
Q

The area of the neck containing the lymph nodes, brachial plexus, spinal accessory nerve, and a portion of the subclavian artery

A

Posterior Triangle

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25
Q

A process where molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

A

Diffusion

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26
Q

Long, slender filaments projecting from a nerve cell that conduct impulses to adjacent cells

A

Axons

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27
Q

The portion of the serous membrane that lines the walls of the trunk cavities

A

Parietal Portion

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28
Q

A deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues

A

Hypoxia

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29
Q

The ongoing process of cell renewal where some cells actively divide during life and others die and are replaced by new cells

A

Remodeling

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30
Q

Voluntary muscle tissue attached to bones and composed of long thread-like cells that have light and dark striations

A

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

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31
Q

A method used to move compounds across a cell membrane to create or maintain an imbalance of charges, usually against a concentration gradient and requiring the expenditure of energy

A

Active Transport

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32
Q

The process of ingesting and destroying foreign matter by certain types of leukocytes

A

Phagocytosis

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33
Q

The basic nerve cells of the nervous system, containing a nucleus within a cell body and extending one or more processes; they exist in masses to form nervous tissue

A

Neurons

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34
Q

The process whereby a carrier molecule moves substances in or out of cells from areas of higher to lower concentration

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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35
Q

Tail-like microtubule structures capable of motion to propel the cell

A

Flagella

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36
Q

The noncellular layer in an epithelial cell that anchors the overlying epithelial tissues

A

Basement Membrane

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37
Q

A potential space between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura; it is described as “potential” because under normal conditions, the space does not exist

A

Pleural Space

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38
Q

Rows of tall, thin epithelial cells

A

Columnar Epithelium

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39
Q

The structure at the top of the axial skeleton that houses the brain and consists of the 28 bones that comprise the auditory ossicles, the cranium, and the face

A

Skull

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40
Q

Areas in the infant’s skull where the structures between the skull bones have not yet closed

A

Fontanelles

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41
Q

A group of organs that have a common purpose, such as the skeleton and muscles

A

Organ System

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42
Q

Structures of DNA fibers and protein contained within the cell’s nucleus carrying genetic information; human cells contain 23 pairs

A

Chromosomes

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43
Q

The internal structures within the cell that carry out specific functions for the cell

A

Organelles

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44
Q

A low concentration of potassium in the blood

A

Hypokalemia

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45
Q

Shrinkage of a cell that results when too much water leaves the cell through osmosis

A

Crenation

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46
Q

Organelles that contain RNA and protein

A

Ribosomes

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47
Q

A mechanism that uses active transport to move sodium out of the cells and potassium into the cells

A

Sodium-Potassium Exchange Pump

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48
Q

Nonstriated muscle that carries out much of the automatic work of the body, such as moving food through the digestive tract and dilating and constricting the pupils of the eye; also called involuntary muscle

A

Smooth Muscle

49
Q

A serum sodium level of greater than 145 mEq/L

A

Hypernatremia

50
Q

A set of membranes in the protoplasm involved in the formation of sugars and complex proteins

A

Golgi Apparatus

51
Q

Dissolved particles, such as salts, contained in a solvent

A

Solutes

52
Q

An abnormal accumulation of bloody fluid within the pleural space following trauma

A

Hemothorax

53
Q

Microtubules radiating from he centrioles

A

Spindle Fibers

54
Q

Fluid found outside of the cell membranes in which most of the body’s supply of sodium is contained, representing approximately 15% of the total body weight

A

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

55
Q

The natural tendency for substances to flow from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, within or outside the cell

A

Concentration Gradient

56
Q

Disturbances in cardiac rythym

A

Dysrythymias

57
Q

The area of the neck that is bordered by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the anterior midline of the neck, and the inferior border of the mandible

A

Anterior Triangle

58
Q

A rapid pulse rate

A

Tachycardia

59
Q

A diabetic emergency that occurs from a relative insulin deficiency, resulting in hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity, and an absence of significant ketosis

A

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Coma ( HHNC)

60
Q

The genetic material found on the chromosomes in the cell’s nucleus

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

61
Q

A single layer of epithelial cells of varying heights, all of which attach to the basement membrane, but all do not reach the free surface

A

Pseudostratified Epithelium

62
Q

The major source of energy created by cellular respiration for all chemical reactions of the body

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

63
Q

The release of secretions from cells that have been accumulated in vesicles

A

Exocytosis

64
Q

The serous membranes covering the lungs and lining the thoracic cavity, completely enclosing a potential space known as the pleural space

A

Pleura

65
Q

Hollow filamentous structures that make up various components of the cell

A

Microtubules

66
Q

The space behind the knee

A

Popliteal Fossa

67
Q

A type of connective tissue that contains large amounts of fat

A

Adipose (Fat) Tissue

68
Q

The movement of a solvent, such as water, from an area of low solute concentration to one of high concentration through a selectively permeable membrane to equalize concentrations of a solute on both sides of the membrane

A

Osmosis

69
Q

A serum sodium level that is less than 135 mEq/L

A

Hyponatremia

70
Q

The number of osmotically active particles in serum

A

Serum Osmolality

71
Q

Groups of similar cells that work together

A

Tissues

72
Q

The measure of the tendency of water to move by osmosis across a membrane

A

Osmotic Pressure

73
Q

An excessive amount of potassium in the blood

A

Hyperkalemia

74
Q

Protein-lined pores or transport channels, specifically sized for each substance, which allow electrolyte movements among the cells

A

Ion Channels

75
Q

The space between the lungs, in the center of the chest, that contains the heart, trachea, mainstem bronchi, part of the esophagus, and large blood vessels

A

Mediastinum

76
Q

A single layer of cells, all of which are in contact with the basement membrane of the epithelial cell

A

Simple Epithelium

77
Q

Inflammation of the peritoneum, the protective membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities

A

Peritonitis

78
Q

Small, rod-like organelles that function as the metabolic center of the cell and produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A

Mitochondria

79
Q

Skin, the covering of the body surface

A

Integument

80
Q

Any individual living thing; made up of various organ systems

A

Organism

81
Q

Striated involuntary muscle that has the capacity to generate and conduct electrical impulses

A

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

82
Q

The region around the heart

A

Pericardial Cavity

83
Q

The system that controls virtually all activities of the body, both voluntary and involuntary

A

Nervous Tissues

84
Q

The organs (kidneys, pancreas, and duodenum) and major blood vessels located in the retroperitoneal space

A

Retroperitoneal Organs

85
Q

More than one layer of cells, only onee o which is in contact with the basement membrane of the epithelial cell

A

Stratified Epithelium

86
Q

Smooth muscle tissue

A

Nonstriated

87
Q

The cell wall; a selectively permeable layer of cells that surrounds intracellular contents and controls movement of substances into and out of the cell

A

Cell Membrane

88
Q

The hollow portion of the skull

A

Cranial Cavity

89
Q

The membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell

A

Nuclear Envelope

90
Q

A division of the skeletal system that includes the extremities and their attachments to the body

A

Appendicular Region

91
Q

The anterior surface at the bend of the elbow

A

Antecubital Fossa

92
Q

The ability of the cell membrane to selectively allow compounds into the cell based on the cell’s current needs

A

Selective Permeability

93
Q

Different types of tissues working together to perform a particular function

A

Organs

94
Q

The flat sheet of cells that makes up the epidermis

A

Squamous Epithelium

95
Q

The clear liquid portion of the cytoplasm

A

Cytosol

96
Q

The hairlike microtubule projections on the surface of a cell that can move materials over the cell surface

A

Cilia

97
Q

A rapid respiratory rate

A

Tachypnea

98
Q

The thick, fibrous membrane and serous membranes that surround the heart; also called the pericardial sac

A

Pericardium

99
Q

Bony structures that attach the limbs to the body (hip and shoulder)

A

Girdles

100
Q

Abnormally low blood glucose level

A

Hypoglycemia

101
Q

Membrane-bound vesicles that contain a variety of enzymes functioning as a cell’s digestive system

A

Lysosomes

102
Q

Muscle tissue that has microscopic bands and may be either voluntary, such as leg muscles, or involuntary, such as cardiac muscle

A

Striated

103
Q

The spine or primary support structure of the body that houses the spinal cord and the peripheral nerves

A

Vertebral Column

104
Q

The armpit

A

Axilla

105
Q

Area of the anterior triangle of the neck that contains the carotid artery and internal jugular vein

A

Carotid Triangle

106
Q

Nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord to supply motor function and convey sensory information to various areas of the body

A

Peripheral Nerves

107
Q

One of two basic types of neural tissue, neuroglia support, protect, defend, and aid in the repair of injury of neural tissue, and regulate composition of nervous system interstitial fluid

A

Neuroglia

108
Q

A process by which cells ingest the extracellular fluid and it’s contents

A

Pinocytosis

109
Q

The basic building blocks of life, made up of protoplasm (cytoplasm); specialized for particular functions

A

Cells

110
Q

A series of membranes in which proteins and fats are manufactured

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

111
Q

The uptake of material through the cell membrane by a membrane-bound droplet or vesicle formed within the cell’s protoplasm

A

Endocytosis

112
Q

Germ (reproductive) cells; in males they are known as sperm and in females they are known as oocytes (eggs)

A

Sex Cells

113
Q

The navel, which serves as the central reference point in determining the location of organs in the abdominal quadrants

A

Umbilicus

114
Q

The small amount of lubricating fluid that fills the pleural space

A

Pleural Fluid

115
Q

Organelles that are essential in cell division

A

Centrioles

116
Q

The spinal column or vertebral canal, housing the spinal cord

A

Spinal Cavity

117
Q

Membranes that line body cavities that lack openings to the outside

A

Serous Membranes

118
Q

Nucleic acid made from DNA in the nucleus of the cell; it moves to the cytoplasm of the cell where it serves as a template for the production of proteins

A

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

119
Q

Fluid found within individual cells, containing most of the body’s supply of potassium and representing approximately 45% of total body weight

A

Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

Ellis County Paramedic Students (12 decks)

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